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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Evolution Of Transposable Elements As Cis-Regulatory Elements In Mammals, Alan Y. Du
The Evolution Of Transposable Elements As Cis-Regulatory Elements In Mammals, Alan Y. Du
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that make up a large proportion of mammalian genomes. Although TEs are highly prevalent genomic sequences, they have been understudied as they were once labeled as “junk DNA.” Despite their initial status as simple genomic parasites, recent studies have implicated TEs as cis-regulatory elements, supplying promoters, enhancers, and boundary elements. Functional testing of regulatory activity, however, remains a significant bottleneck. Nonetheless, due to their repetitive nature, TEs provide a unique model to examine the evolution of cis-regulatory elements, which has traditionally been difficult to study due to lack of homology at the sequence …
Regulation Of Genome Architecture By Chromatin Remodeling In The Brain, Jared Vega Goodman
Regulation Of Genome Architecture By Chromatin Remodeling In The Brain, Jared Vega Goodman
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Brain development requires exquisite control of gene expression to establish and refine the proper circuitry of the nervous system. Gene expression control is under the purview of several cellular processes, including chromatin regulation in the form of DNA modification, histone modification, and nucleosome remodeling. Chromatin remodeling enzymes are the major effectors of nucleosome remodeling. These enzymes are clearly involved in brain development – mutations in chromatin remodeling enzymes are likely causative for neurodevelopmental disorders of cognition. Chromatin remodeling enzymes have discrete molecular functions and binding profiles and similarly control distinct phases of nervous system maturation. Chd4 is a Chd family …
From Single Cells To Human Disease: High-Resolution Phenotyping Of Male Infertility Models Using Single-Cell Rna Sequencing, Min Jung
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Male infertility is a complex disease that can result in significant emotional distress and treatment costs. Globally, male infertility affects 7% of males, and while its incidence is rising, its etiology remains elusive. In order to improve patient care, it is critical to identify the nature of spermatogenic failure in as many men as possible. The extensive cellular heterogeneity of testis has limited the application of bulk expression measurements to capture crucial information to dissect molecular mechanisms of defects in the infertile patients. Thus, the application of single-cell RNA-sequencing on male germ cells provides an amazing new set of scientific …
Epigenetic Regulation Of Lymphocyte Development And Transformation, Yue Huang
Epigenetic Regulation Of Lymphocyte Development And Transformation, Yue Huang
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cell identity and function rely on intricately controlled programs of gene regulation, alterations of which underlie many diseases, including cancer. Epigenetic analyses of normal and diseased cells have started to elucidate different facets of epigenetic mechanisms for gene regulation. These include changes in nucleosome density, histone modifications, factor binding and chromosomal architecture. All of these aspects contribute to the activities of regulatory elements conferring promoter, enhancer and insulator functions and the cis-regulatory circuits formed by these elements. Despite this progress, an urgent need remains to profile these features and to study how they cooperatively function in normal and pathogenic settings. …