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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Population Genetics And Gene Variation Of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) In Nebraska, Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
Population Genetics And Gene Variation Of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) In Nebraska, Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii
David B. Taylor
Genetic variation in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.),populations from Nebraska, Canada, and Texas was sampled. Four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070,respectively. Nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. Wright's F statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. Allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal samples from a single population. Polymerasechain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR—RFLP) analysis of 6.4 kb of the mitochondrial DNA genome with 16 restriction enzymes revealed no variation in stable fly populations from Canada, …
Sugar Feeding In Adult Stable Flies, David Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
Sugar Feeding In Adult Stable Flies, David Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
David B. Taylor
Adult stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are known to feed readily on sugars in the laboratory. However, little is known concerning the extent of stable fly sugar feeding in wild populations. We examined the frequency of sugar feeding in stable flies collected on Alsynite sticky traps in rural and urban environments. In addition, stable flies were visually examined to determine whether blood was present in the gut. In laboratory studies, sugars were detectable with the anthrone technique in stable flies for ~3 d after being imbibed, and blood could be visually detected in the gut for 24-48 h after feeding. …
Economic Impact Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) On Cattle Production., David Taylor, Roger Moon, Darrell Mark
Economic Impact Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) On Cattle Production., David Taylor, Roger Moon, Darrell Mark
David B. Taylor
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are among the most damaging arthropod pests of cattle worldwide. The last estimate of their economic impact on United States cattle production was published 20 yr ago and placed losses at $608 million. Subsequently, several studies of effects of stable flies on beef cattle weight gain and feed efficiency have been published, and stable flies have become increasingly recognized as pests of cattle on pasture and range. We analyzed published studies and developed yield-loss functions to relate stable fly infestation levels to cattle productivity, and then estimated the economic impact of stable flies on cattle …
Efficacy Of Cyromazine To Control Immature Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Developing In Winter Hay Feeding Sites, David B. Taylor, Kristina Friesen, Jerry J. Zhu, Kai Sievert
Efficacy Of Cyromazine To Control Immature Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Developing In Winter Hay Feeding Sites, David B. Taylor, Kristina Friesen, Jerry J. Zhu, Kai Sievert
David B. Taylor
Hay mixed with manure and urine residues at sites where hay has been provided as supplemental winter feed for cattle provide an excellent substrate for the development of immature stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Such sites are primary sources of early summer stable flies in the central United States and no effective measures are currently available to control fly development in them. A single application of granular cyromazine in May provided 97% reduction in the number of adult stable flies emerging from hay feeding sites. Stable fly control did not decline during the 12 wk season. A small decline in …
Phenology Of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae In Round Bale Hay Feeding Sites In Eastern Nebraska., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
Phenology Of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae In Round Bale Hay Feeding Sites In Eastern Nebraska., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
David B. Taylor
The temporal and spatial patterns of adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), emergence from six sites where large round baled hay had been provided to pasture cattle as winter feed were studied using emergence traps. The substrate at these sites, consisting of waste hay mixed with bovine manure and urine, provided an excellent developmental habitat for immature stable flies. Stable flies were the most frequently collected fly emerging from these sites with a yearly average of 1,581 emerging per square meter. Stable fly emergence from these sites began in early May (235 annual accumulated Day-Degree 10°C [DD10]), peaked …
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, John B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
Dispersal Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Developmental Sites., David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, John B. Campbell, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl, Alberto B. Broce, Jerome A. Hogsette
David B. Taylor
Seven mark-recapture studies were conducted over 3 yr to assess dispersal of newly emerging adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., from larval development sites in a mixed agricultural environment in northeastern Nebraska. Infested hay debris piles were marked by dusting their surfaces with fluorescent pigments, adults were captured with surrounding grids of Alsynite sticky traps, and specimens were dissected to determine feeding histories and reproductive age. Distances and directions of 3,889 marked specimens indicated males and females dispersed equally and in all directions. Midguts of males and females were equally likely to contain blood-meal remnants. Percentage with blood remnants and …
A New Method For Collecting Clean Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Of Known Age., Dennis Berkebile, David Taylor, Anthony Weinhold
A New Method For Collecting Clean Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Of Known Age., Dennis Berkebile, David Taylor, Anthony Weinhold
David B. Taylor
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., are important pests of confined and pasture cattle. They have been reared in the laboratory to study their biology and to test new methods of control. Research on rearing modifications has concentrated on developing larval diets from materials locally abundant. Under current protocols, pupae form in the medium. Aggregations of pupae were located and removed, often with a considerable amount of extraneous material. Various methods have been developed to separate the pupae from waste material. We describe a method by which wandering larvae are enticed to leave the medium prior to pupariation. The larvae were …
Stable Fly Population Dynamics In Eastern Nebraska In Relation To Climatic Variables., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl
Stable Fly Population Dynamics In Eastern Nebraska In Relation To Climatic Variables., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile, Philip J. Scholl
David B. Taylor
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are among the most economically important arthropod pests of livestock in North America. In this study, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of a stable fly population in eastern Nebraska for 5 yr. Models based upon temperature and precipitation were developed to determine the affects of these variables on population levels as well as to project population trends. Stable flies appear in eastern Nebraska in late March to early April, and they build to a peak population during the last week of June and first week of July. In most years, the population decreases in midsummer, …
Comparative Efficiency Of Six Stable Fly Traps., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
Comparative Efficiency Of Six Stable Fly Traps., David B. Taylor, Dennis R. Berkebile
David B. Taylor
Five adhesive traps and the Nzi cloth-target trap were compared to determine their trapping efficiency and biases for stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Two configurations of the BiteFree prototype trap, constructed of polyethylene terephthalate, were most efficient for trapping stable flies, whereas the EZ trap was least efficient. The two Alsynite traps, Broce and Olson, were intermediate to the BiteFree prototype and EZ traps. All adhesive traps collected a ratio of approximately two males for each female. Approximately 50% of the flies collected on the adhesive traps, both male and female, were blood fed, and 20% were vitellogenic. …