Life Sciences Commons^™

Characterizing Fines To Predict Their Performance In A Sheet Of Paper, Rodney W. Tibboles

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Many studies have been performed with the purpose of determining the effects of fines on paper properties. However, many of these studies fail to develop characterizations of the fines themselves before relating the presence of these fines to sheet properties. This study first developed complete characterizations of fines and then related the properties of the fines to properties of paper containing these fines.

Bleached kraft, unbleached kraft, and TMP pulps from a southern pine were used in this project. Characterization of the fines included determination of physical features of the fines, size distribution, water retention value (WRV), drainability, and compressibility. …

Non-Chlorine Bleaching Of Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp, Kevin D. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The objective of this project is to apply the soda-anthraquinone pulping process and non-chlorine bleaching sequences in the formation of a pulp with market brightness levels. The bleaching sequences applied in this project will be evaluated from pulp brightness and brightness reversion. The non-chlorine bleaching sequences evaluated include the ODEP, ODED, and OPEP.

An Analysis Of Chemithermomechanical Pulp (Ctmp) In The Production Of Rotogravure Paper, Christine L. Harrington

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Current trends in the printing industry are shifting towards rotogravure printing processes. Today, rotogravure printing is responsible for 20% of the printing industry and is growing rapidly. The printing industry is moving towards rotogravure processes for high print quality for long run jobs.

The most commonly found examples of the rotogravure printing process are: "cheaper" catalogues, periodicals, tabloids, directories, newspaper inserts and the "Sunday supplement." Some of America's most popular magazines, for example, Reader's Digest, TV Guide, Better Homes and Gardens, Women's Day and many others are printed using rotogravure processes (1).

As the main supplier to the printing …

Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Of Ctmp To Optimize Brightness, Donald S. Kasik

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing bleaching agent that is utilized extensively in the pulp and paper industries to bleach cellulosic fibers to high brightness levels. The main advantage of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps is the high yield. Peroxide used under mild alkaline conditions can significantly increase brightness 10-20 points by oxidizing lignin constituents without actual lignin degradation. Due to peroxides' inherent quality of lignin preservation, it is an excellent bleach for application to CTMP. This allows a high yield process like BCTMP to compete with kraft pulp in application to many grades of paper.

Peroxide is an expensive …

Forest Canopies: Form And Functional Relationships, Steven B. Jack

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forest canopy structure is strongly influenced by stand density due to changing competitive interactions among the individual trees and in turn directly influences stemwood volume production. The structure and dynamics of forest canopies, particularly in relation to the production of stemwood, were examined in unmanaged, even-aged stands of two dissimilar tree species, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. The analysis of structure-production relationships was guided by a conceptual model which generated hypotheses and led to examination of assumptions incorporated in the model.

Mean crown dimensions were related to stand density through a negative exponential function for …

Visitor Characteristics And Attitudes Toward Policies In The Irish Wilderness Of Southern Missouri, Debra Lynn Bumpus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Questionnaires which assessed attitudes toward wilderness policies and behavioral norms were distributed to individuals at the Irish Wilderness, in the surrounding communities, and to conservation groups. Questions were designed to describe general wilderness policies and also those policies specific to the Irish Wilderness. The Irish Wilderness, located in southeastern Missouri, was designated as a national wilderness area in 1984. Prior to this 1986 study, no previous studies had been conducted in the area to describe visitor characteristics and attitudes toward wilderness management policies. A comparison was also made between the attitudes of the Irish Wilderness visitor and of Pacific Northwest …

Improved Useage Of Recycled Board In Corrugating Medium, Ramon J. Altobelli

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Research was conducted to determine the optimum furnish of corrugating medium with the intentions of increasing the amount of recycled fiber in this furnish.

Furnishes were made up of various ratios of a recycled fiber source to a virgin fiber source, along with three different levels of refining. A starch additive was also used on a second set of these groups to help increase some of the properties by increasing the interfiber bonding.

The results indicated that increased recycled fiber produced the sheet with the optimum conditions. Also, with an addition of starch as a dry strength additive, the results …

The Effect Of Fines And Filler In Forward Centricleaners On Contaminant Removal Efficiency, Alan R. Kaczanowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this study, the effect of fines and filler content on a forward centricleaner's contaminant removal efficiency is evaluated. The paper industry has assumed that centricleaner contaminant removal efficiency is not influenced by the presence of clay or fines. However, it has never been documented. Thus, at the paper machine, centricleaners operate at the same efficiency at 1.0% consistency with 15 or 30% clay. The same assumption has also been made with fines content in the white water loop, which can vary from day to day depending on what specific grade is being made. This thesis has concentrated on whether …

The Effects Of A Formation Shower And Serrated Slice On A Pilot Plant Papermachine, Jeffrey M. Cady

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a formation shower and serrated slice on formation, with comparison of an existing fourdrinier shake, at normal operating headbox consistencies and higher than normal consistencies. By replacing the shake with one of the other methods, metal fatigue could be stopped at the pivot point of the oscillating fourdrinier. The high consistency was used to determine if one of these alternative devices would eliminate flocculation tendencies and allow the reduction of water removal demand.

The papermachine used in this study was a pilot plant machine running at 60 FPM and …

Drainage Dynamics In A Linerboard Furnish, Craig D. Iman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Predicting the performance of drainage aids in a linerboard furnish is a difficult task. Existing tests such as the Canadian Standard Freeness test, Schopper-Riegler, and drainage tube are not adequate tests. These tests only simulate one-half of the paper machine. Unfortunately the section they model is of minor importance in linerboard.

The findings of this project suggest that linerboard is more dependent upon the vacuum induced drainage zone than it is on the free drainage zone. The vacuum zone is dependent upon the formation of the sheet. Therefore, if the formation of the sheet is improved the couch solids will …

The Economic Optimization Of Baffles To Disperse Tio2 In Open Impeller Agitators, Steve C. Ratliff

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project began with an observation of a coating make-down tank at a nearby paper mill. The make down tank, a cowles dissolver, was being used to disperse and mix pigment and other common coating ingredients. Because the tank was unbaffled, the circulating suspension climbed the walls of the vessel, and could only be half filled to prevent overflowing.

There is a view held by some people that good dispersion cannot be obtained when baffles are used in these tanks. This paper mill obviously held this view.

The basic motivation for this thesis was the fact that the paper industry …

A Study Of Bleach Effluents From Oxidative Extraction, Thomas R. Slusarczyk

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

During the 1970's oxygen delignification was primarily undertaken before the bleaching stages in a pulp mill. However, towards the end of the 1970's further research was done to promote the use of oxygen as a decoloring agent within the bleaching stages. This was warranted because oxygen delignification was known to promote decreased chemical consumption, mainly chlorine. The process that was developed came to be known as oxidative extraction. This process has become very popular due to the fact that it is easier to install and operate than the conventional oxygen delignification system. Some other advantages that this process offers are …

An Ester Chemirefinermechanical Pulping Feasibility Study, Glenda Lea Sneden

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Conventional pulping processes (kraft and sulfite) utilize sulfur compounds which pose pollution problems for the environment. This environmental issue has served as a driving force in the development of a feasible sulfur-free pulping process which can deliver pulp of equal (or better) quality as compared to pulps from conventional pulping processes.

An answer to this problem has been searched for in the area of solvent pulping. A recent and promising extension of solvent pulping technology is the ester pulping process.

The Role Of Degree Of Substitution Of Cationic Starch On Optimizing Retention, Christopher C. Gross

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of my work was to show experimentally with the use of statistics whether it is more beneficial to optimize the degree of substitution of a cationic starch rather than the addition rate to maximize retention.

Fines retention as measured using the Dynamic Retention/Drainage Jar (Britt Jar), served as the method of experimental evaluation. Three starches were studied ranging in degree of substitution from 0.014 to 0.0833 at a constant molecular weight. Calcium carbonate was used as the filler fraction because it can be quantitatively analyzed via an EDTA titration. Starch furnish used was four, eight, and twelve pounds …

A Comparison Of Two Mesic Sand Forests In Mason County, Illinois, David Timothy Coates

Masters Theses

The present study included surveys of a four hectare section of Barkhausen Conservation Area and a two hectare forested section in the Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak Nature Preserve. This study examines the floristic composition and structure of these forests, and some of the ecological parameters that may be responsible for their existence. In this study, the number, size and species of all living and dead standing trees (above 10 cm dbh) were recorded for each quadrat. The relative dominance, relative density, importance value, average diameter, density in broad diameter classes and basal area were then calculated for each species. Nested circular …

Black Oak Savannas And Pin Oak Flatwoods In Iroquois County, Illinois, Kenneth Johnson

Masters Theses

A vegetation survey was undertaken at the Iroquois County Conservation Area and the Hooper Branch Nature Preserve in Iroquois County, Illinois. Dry sand savanna, dry-mesic sand savanna, and Pin Oak flatwoods were the three communities under study at the Iroquois County Conservation Area. Carex pensylvanica had the highest relative frequency of any ground layer species present at both the dry and the dry-mesic sand savannas. In both of these sand savanna communities the dominant overstory tree was Quercus velutina. These two communities differed mainly in the composition of their woody ground layer species. Rubus hispidus obovalis had the highest relative …