Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Berberine On Development In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zhuojia Qian

Masters Theses

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in some plants and has many bioactivities including anti-microbial, lipid- and glucose-lowering, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, there is limited knowledge about berberine’s effects on development and locomotive activity. Herein, in vivo studies were conducted to determine these effects of berberine using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. Treatment of berberine at 50 μM starting at L1 stage significantly retarded the growth rate of nematodes, and reduced the length, width and moving speed of worms by 19%, 12% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, triglycerides (TG) and protein content in worms …

Effect Of Jackfruit-Derived Extract Consumption On Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis In Mice, Jingwen Lin

Masters Theses

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The global burden of colorectal cancer is also expected to increase by 60%, to over 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths, by the year 2030. Jackfruit is known for its packed nutrition including many antioxidants: vitamin C, carotenoids and flavanones. It has also been used in traditional medicine due to its potential protection against many chronic diseases. However, there is limited research studying the potential effect of jackfruit on colorectal cancer. Here, we used a well-established AOM/DSS …

New England’S Underutilized Seafood Species: Defining And Exploring Marketplace Potential In A Changing Climate, Amanda Davis

Masters Theses

New England’s seafood industry has been searching for opportunities to diversify their landings and build resilience as it faces socio-economic challenges from a changing climate. Developing markets for underutilized species is one way the New England community could help their seafood industry build resilience. This thesis identified New England’s underutilized fish species and explored their marketplace potential by examining their availability in a changing climate, current availability to consumers, and consumers’ responses. In Chapter I, I account how New England’s seafood preferences have changed over time. In Chapter II, I identify New England’s seven underutilized seafood species: 1) Acadian redfish …

Coffee Bioactives Regulate Lipid Metabolism In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Renalison Farias Pereira

Doctoral Dissertations

Coffee consumption is associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. Although the mechanisms of action are not yet elucidated, the effects of coffee and its bioactive components on lipid metabolism may account for the overall coffee effects on human health. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of coffee and its bioactive components on lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Green coffee bean extract (GCBE), the chlorogenic acid 5-O-caffeyolquinic acid (5-CQA), and the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol reduced fat accumulation via distinct lipid metabolism pathways and/or behavior changes in C. elegans …

Effects Of Tempeh Fermentation On Soy Free And Bound Phenolics: Release, Transformation, And Stimulated Production, Amadeus Driando Ahnan

Doctoral Dissertations

The fermentation of tempeh, a traditional source of protein originated in Indonesia, has been reported to enhance the health-promoting potentials of various grains, legumes, and beans. Tempeh fermentation on soybeans can modulate the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, particularly isoflavones, bioactive compounds that have been found to be protective against lung, prostrate, and colon cancers. However, the mechanism of the protective benefits was unknown. Using whole-food and in vitro models, this study addressed this research gap by investigating the effects of tempeh fermentation using various cultures on the compositions of soy free, bound, and minor phenolics, as well as their antioxidative, …

A Crisis Of Kelp, Rachel L. Sherman

Capstones

Along with insects and lab-grown meat, for years seaweed has been lauded as a sustainable “food of the future” by the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization. As the world increasingly turns to alternative foods in pursuit of a healthier Earth, seaweed has all the makings of an ecological savior. It’s plentiful — seaweeds and ocean algae make up roughly nine tenths of all the plant life on Earth — it’s cheap to harvest and get to market, packed with nutrition, and keeps oceans clean, absorbing more carbon dioxide and releasing more oxygen than the world’s rainforests.

But outside of Japanese …

Analysis Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles In Foods Using Raman Spectroscopic Techniques, Janamkumar Pandya

Doctoral Dissertations

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and its nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various applications. Recently, the presence of TiO2 NPs in food and consumer products raised safety concerns to human health and the environment. The goal of this project is to explore the capability of Raman Spectroscopy in the analysis of TiO2-NPs and apply this technique for the analysis of TiO2-NPs in food and environmental samples. Two approaches, i.e. the ligand-based and the mapping-based, were evaluated. The ligand-based approach utilized the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property of the TiO2 NPs as a substrate to enhance the signal of a surface …

Adsorptive Surface Modification Of Cellulose Nanocrystals To Stabilize Nutraceuticals Loaded Lipid Carriers For Food Application, Avinash S. Patel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lipid carriers such as emulsions and liposomes have been widely studied as carriers for different nutraceuticals. However, lipid carriers' physicochemical instability results in the leakage of loaded nutraceuticals and the low solubility into the digestion medium, thus reducing the bioaccessibility. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are nano-sized cellulose derivatives obtained after hydrolysis of cellulosic matrices that possess potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, hydrophilicity, anionic surface potential, and poor re-dispersibility limit CNC’s applications. The primary objectives of this research were 1) to modify CNC via adsorbing polyethylene glycol (PEG) to stabilize liposomes and to study its physiochemical stability at different …

Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma

Doctoral Dissertations

The mucosal barrier in the intestine is vital to maintain selective absorption of nutrients while protecting internal tissues and maintaining symbiotic relationship with luminal microbiota. This bio-barrier consists of a cellular epithelial barrier and an acellular mucus barrier. Secreted mucus regulates barrier function via in situ biochemical and biophysical interaction with luminal content that continually evolves during digestion and absorption. Increasing evidence suggests that a mucus barrier is indispensable to maintain homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the importance of mucus barrier is largely underrated for in vitro mucosal tissue modeling. The major gap is the lack of experimental material …

Aligning Food Environments With Institutional Values: A Mixed Methods Study Of Oregon Health Care Organizations, Elizaveta Walker

Dissertations and Theses

A major driver of the obesity epidemic is obesogenic food environments, characterized by nutrient-poor and energy-dense foods that saturate the collective physical, economic and sociocultural conditions that influence nutritional status. Food environments in organizations such as hospitals and public health agencies warrant special consideration given their health-focused mission. Improving food environments within health care settings has been highlighted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as one of seven key strategies to prevent obesity. However, most of the refereed literature examining healthy food environment policies (HFEPs) within hospitals focuses on the inpatient dietary environment, leaving a paucity of …

Studimi I Parametrave Mikrobiologjike Të Lëndës Së Parë Qumësht, Anita Shehaj

Theses and Dissertations

Mastiti karakterizohet nga ndryshime fizike, kimike dhe bakteriologjike në qumështin dhe ndryshimet patologjike në indet e gjëndrës së qumështit dhe ndikon në cilësinë dhe sasinë e qumështit. Ngarkesa bakteriale e qumështit nga lopët e prekura e bën atë të papërshtatshëm për konsum njerëzor dhe siguron një mekanizëm për përhapjen e sëmundjeve si tuberkulozi, ethet Q, bruceloza, leptospiroza etj. Numri i qelizave somatike (SCC) është një parashikues i dobishëm i infeksionit që përfshin leukocitet (75%), të tilla sii neutrofile, limfocite, eritrocite dhe qelizat epiteliale (25%). Leukocitet rriten në përgjigje të infeksionit bakterial, dëmtimit të indeve dhe stresit. Qelizat somatike janë mbrojtëse …

Observed Defects Of Swiss Cheese Based On The Microbiome Contribution To The Production Of Organic Acids, Vannessa D. Campfield

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The United States Department of Agriculture downgrades on the order of 17% of all Swiss cheese produced in the United States due to defects. Many of these defects are related to improper eye formation, number, distribution, or size; leading to an industry loss of over $69 million per annum. The microbiome in Swiss-type cheeses plays a significant role in eye development due to production of organic acids and gaseous emissions contingent on bacterial abundance and phenotype. The relationship between bacteria and the organic acids they produce leading to Swiss cheese defects can be correlated using Next-generation sequencing and high-performance liquid …

Efficacy Of A Mushroom Derived Saltiness Enhancer In Increasing Saltiness And Consumer Acceptance In Low Sodium Applications, Lindsay Jenkinson

Masters Theses

The average American consumes sodium at excessive levels resulting in a multitude of adverse health effects. To reduce these risks, it is imperative to lower consumption rates. When sodium is reduced in a product, the main effect is decreased saltiness and often corresponds with reduced consumer acceptance. In addition to addressing the issue of sodium reduction, attenuating effects such as reduced consumer acceptance is also of importance.

Consuming and perceiving food is a multimodal experience, involving tastes, smells, and trigeminal sensations to produce a singular percept of flavor. This is an example of multisensory integration. When stimuli through different sensory …

Antioxidant Properties And Anti-Cancer Effects Of Polyphenols In Sweetpotato Leaves, Josue Bolanos

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although the root is widely consumed, sweetpotato leaves (SPL) are often discarded and are only consumed in a few countries. In the United States, SPL consumption is limited to private gardens, particularly in the Southeastern United States. Not only are SPL a good source of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, but they also contain polyphenol compounds including the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and carotenoids such as lutein. Several studies have shown the polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities of SPL, which vary based on year and variety, while few studies have shown anti-colon cancer effects of SPL. Therefore, this study investigated …

Anti-Inflammatory Properties Of Blackberry Phenolic And Volatile Compounds, Pauline Morin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Berries are known for many health benefits including anti-inflammatory properties that lower risks of chronic diseases. These properties have been linked to high concentrations of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. However, the present study hypothesized that volatiles could contribute to the berries’ bioactive properties. Thus, the objectives of this research are to profile the phenolic and volatile composition of 16 blackberry genotypes harvested at the Fruit Research Center of the University of Arkansas and to evaluate the antiinflammatory capacities of three selected genotypes on inflamed cells. Phenolic and volatile profiles were evaluated using chromatographic techniques. The three genotypes A2528T, A2587T and …

Application Of X-Ray Imaging And Glass Transition Principles In Understanding Rice Kernel Fissure Formation, Zephania R. Odek

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice kernels with internal fractures of the endosperm, fissures, tend to break during milling, leading to head rice yield (HRY) reductions. Minimizing kernel fissuring is thus an important goal of the rice industry. To minimize fissuring during the drying process, a better understanding of the fissuring process and the kinetics thereof is required. The goal of this research was to use X-ray imaging and glass transition principles to better understand rough rice kernel fissuring. First, because the instance when the fissuring process is initiated and completed during the drying process is not well known, an X-ray imaging setup that allows …

An Impedimetric Aptasensing System For The Rapid Detection Of Salmonella Typhimurium, America Sotero

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salmonella Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen associated with raw and undercooked eggs, poultry, beef, fruits, and vegetables. In the United States, Salmonella is responsible for approximately 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths annually. For many years, conventional detection methods such as culture-dependent and PCR-based methods have been the “golden standards” for the detection of this pathogen due to their high sensitivity and reliability. However, they still have some disadvantages such as long enrichment steps and high costs that need to be overcome. The development of a rapid and reliable method for the detection of S. Typhimurium is needed …

Rice Chilling Aeration: Assessment Of Impacts On Grain Quality, Process Modeling And Validation, Soraya Shafiekhani

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying chilling temperatures during on-farm, in-bin drying and storage to maintain rice quality. Specific objectives include to demonstrate the effectiveness of chilling aeration to preserve rice quality characteristics, determine the drying kinetics of rice under low temperature environments, and develop models to predict heat and mass transfer in rice kernel during drying at low temperature environment. To date, there is limited research describing storability or drying behavior of rice in chilled environments. However, it is understood that chilling of high-moisture, > 21% wet basis rough rice could reduce the time …

Impacts Of Postharvest Temperature Exposure Profiles On Rice Physicochemical Properties, Seth Graham-Acquaah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heated-air drying followed by tempering (HAT) is effective for increasing rough-rice drying rates without compromising head rice yield (HRY). However, heat exposure could affect rice end-use properties. Hypothesizing that the total amount of heat exposure incurred by rice during heated-air drying determines the trend and magnitude of changes in end-use properties, this dissertation sought to 1) characterize the effects of drying and tempering regimen on changes in end-use properties, 2) derive an index to quantify and compare the amount of heat exposure that rice kernels incur during active drying and, 3) relate values of this index to changes in rice …

The Use Of Inorganic And Organic Acids As Short Duration Antimicrobial Dips On Mitigating Pathogens Present On Commercial Chicken During Peri-Harvest, Dana Kristen Dittoe

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With poultry being the most consumed meat in the United States, poultry processors must provide consumers with safe, wholesome products. As a consequence, poultry processors are faced with the challenge of reducing the presence of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni among raw poultry products. Though multi-hurdle approaches using antimicrobials are placed throughout processing to reduce these pathogens, Salmonella and C. jejuni still persist among raw poultry. Thus, it was the objective of the current dissertation to investigate various antimicrobials, organic and inorganic acids, as short duration dips and sprays as means to reduce common pathogens (Salmonella, …

Optimizing Immersive Technology Condition For Measuring Consumer Perception And Acceptance Of Food Products, Shady Afrin Jeesan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rapid advancement of immersive technologies is paving the way toward a new era in sensory and consumer science by enabling consumers to experience tasting of food samples in different environments, thus generating more realistic perception. However, little attention has been paid to developing a standardized and optimized methodology for conducting such sensory testing in an immersive environment. A variety of factors related to sensory testing in an immersive environment may significantly modulate consumer perception and acceptance of foods. Therefore, this thesis study aimed to optimize protocols related to sensory testing using immersive technology. In this thesis study, participants were asked …

Fate And Dissemination Of Salmonella Reading In Market-Age Turkeys At Processing Using Oral Gavage Challenge Model, Aaron Ashcraft

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to evaluate the fate and dissemination of Salmonella Reading (SR) in market-age turkeys using an oral gavage challenge model. One hundred twenty-eight-week-old commercial turkey hens were moved from commercial production to research facilities. Upon arrival, a combination of enrofloxacin, 10 mg/kg, and florfenicol, 20 mg/kg, were orally administered sequentially before comingled placement on fresh pine shavings. Turkeys were challenged with 108 cfu SR by oral gavage on days 4 and 7 post-placement. Subsets were subjected to simulated commercial processing on days 14 (n=40), 21 (n=40) and 28 (n=32) post-placement (corresponding to 10, 11, and 12 weeks of …

Aroma Chemistry Of Daldinia Childiae Fermentation, Andrew Jason Moore

Masters Theses

An investigation to identify odorants responsible for a pleasant woody perfume-like aroma produced in the fermentation broth of the fungus Daldinia childiae (J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju) was conducted. Thirty odorants were identified from 30-day old fermentations employing solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Eleven odorants with flavor dilution (FD) factors ≥ 16 were quantitated using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA), and odor activity values (OAV) determined. Odorants with the highest OAVs included guai-11-en-10-ol (woody, OAV 102689), 1-octen-3-one (mushroom, OAV 9025), sotolon (maple, OAV 458), and (2E)-non-2-enal (fatty, OAV 70). An odor-simulation model formulated …

Nutraceutikët Dhe Ushqimet Funksionale, Elsaida Ibrahimi

Theses and Dissertations

Fraza "Le të jetë ushqimi ilaç dhe ilaçi të jetë ushqim", e krijuar nga Hipokrati mbi 2500 vjet më parë, po merr shumë interes sot ndërsa shkencëtarët dhe konsumatorët i kuptojnë përfitimet e shumta shëndetësore të disa ushqimeve. Këto ushqime përmbajnë përbërës që ndihmojnë në funksionin specifik të trupit dhe përmirësojnë shëndetin dhe mirëqenien tonë. Konsumatorët janë gjithnjë e më të interesuar për përfitimet shëndetësore të ushqimeve dhe kanë filluar të shikojnë përtej përfitimeve themelore të ushqimit. Interesimi i tyre drejtohet tek komponimet që gjenden në shumë ushqime të cilat parandalojnë sëmundjet dhe përmirësojnë shëndetin. Ushqimet funksionale dhe nutraceutikët japin …

Pikat Kritike Të Kontrollit Gjatë Procesit Të Prodhimit Tek Djath Të Fortë, Agnesa Hyseni

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Monitorimi I Salmonelles Tek Mishi I Pulës Nga Importi, Teutë Bekteshi

Theses and Dissertations

Mishi i pulës është një nga ushqimet kryesore në Republikën e Kosovës. Mikroorganizmat patogjen (Salmonella) shumë lehtë mund të kontaminojnë dhe ri kontaminojnë mishin e pulës nëse nuk zbatohen të gjitha masat e sigurisë gjatë gjithë zinxhirit ushqimor. Në këtë studim është përzgjedhur për tu hulumtuar një mikroorganizma që ka patogjenitet të lartë (Salmonella), nëse ky bakter gjenden në ushqim atëherë shkalla e rrezikshmërisë është e lartë sepse patogjeniteti, për rrjedhojë dëmtojnë konsumatorin dhe prodhuesin, importuesin duke humbur besimin e konsumatorit. Mostrat janë marrë në periudha të ndryshme kohore dhe fatkeqësisht në njërën nga monstrat në …

Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Viral Pathogens Infecting Sweet Cherry, Aaron J. Simkovich

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Stone fruits are a valuable crop grown worldwide, however pathogens such as viruses threaten fruit production by reducing tree health and fruit yield. In an orchard within the Niagara region of Ontario, symptoms typical of viral infection such as chlorosis and leaf deformation were seen on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees. Next generation sequencing was performed on symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves and four viruses were identified. On the tree displaying the most severe symptoms, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), was the only virus detected. A survey conducted during this work showed 42% of cherry trees on a single …

Teknologjia E Përpunimit Të Mishit Dhe Sallameve, Vegim Dedinca

Theses and Dissertations

Teknologjia e përpunimit të mishit në kuadër të saj edhe të sallamave ka patur një zhvillim të hovshëm, sidomos në dekadën e fundit në Kosovë dhe që ka rezultuar me ngritjen e një numri jo të vogël të fabrikave apo kompanive të perpunimit të mishit, ndër të cilat është edhe kompania SHPK “Sole”, të cilat zhvillojnë ativitetin e tyre në objekte të veçanta, me paisje dhe aparatura të veçanta, procedura të veçanta dhe duke respektuar Kodeksin alimentar ndërkombetar dhe standardet ligjore vendore të cilat i rregullojnë këto çeshtje. Qellimi i këtij hulumtimit është që të verifikohet zbatueshmeria e procedurave të …

Analiza E Kolesterolit Me Metodtë E Kolesterolit Me Metodë Enzimatike Në Vezë Komerciale, Ekstensive Dhe Organike, Fjolla Vllasaliu

Theses and Dissertations

Përqendrimi i kolesterolit në tre lloje të vezëve është analizuar përmes metodës enzimatike. Llojet e vezëve të analizuara kanë qenë: vezë komerciale, vezë ekstenzive dhe vezë organike. Janë analizuar gjithsej tridhjetë e pesë mostra. Marrja e mostrave ka qenë e rastësishme dhe analiza e kolesterolit është bërë me anë të spektrofotometrit GENESYS 10S UV-Vis. Analizat janë kryer në laboratorët hulumtues të Universitetit për Biznes dhe Teknologji (UBT) - Kosovë. Mesatarja e rezultateve të marra tregon për një përqendrim pak më të ulët të kolesterolit në llojin e vezëve ekstensive në krahasim me llojet e tjera të analizuara.

Aditivët Ushqimorë (Benzoati I Natriumit E211 Dhe Metabisulfiti I Kaliumit E224) Dhe Përdorim I Tyre Në Produkte Ushqimore, Donika Rexhepi

Theses and Dissertations

Aditivët apo shtesat ushqimore janë shumë të rëndësishëm në degën e industrisë ushqimore si në Kosovë ashtu edhe në botë. Çdo gjë që i shtohet ushqimit, shtohet për një qëllim të caktuar e edhe aditivët ushqimorë i shtohen ushqimit për të ruajtur ose përmirësuar sigurinë e tij, freskinë, shijen, strukturën ose pamjen e atij ushqimi. Ekzistojnë kategori të ndryshme të aditivëve dhe secila prej tyre ka një funksion të caktuar kur shtohet në ushqim. Njëra prej kategorive shumë të rëndësishme të aditivëve ushqimorë është ajo e konservuesve, të cilët shtohen me qëllim që të zgjasin afatin e ruajtjes së një …