Life Sciences Commons^™

Acute Resistance Exercise Induces Sestrin2 Phosphorylation And P62 Dephosphorylation In Human Skeletal Muscle, Nina Zeng, Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, James F. Markworth, Llion A. Roberts, Jonathan M. Peake, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Sestrins (1, 2, 3) are a family of stress-inducible proteins capable of attenuating oxidative stress, regulating metabolism, and stimulating autophagy. Sequestosome1 (p62) is also a stress-inducible multifunctional protein acting as a signaling hub for oxidative stress and selective autophagy. It is unclear whether Sestrin and p62^Ser403 are regulated acutely or chronically by resistance exercise (RE) or training (RT) in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, the acute and chronic effects of RE on Sestrin and p62 in human skeletal muscle were examined through two studies. In Study 1, nine active men (22.1 ± 2.2 years) performed a bout of single-leg strength …

A Motivational Climate Intervention And Exercise-Related Outcomes: A Longitudinal Perspective, Theresa C. Brown, Mary D. Fry, E. Whitney Moore

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

While researchers have suggested that the social context in exercise settings is linked to individuals’ physical activity motivation and potential exercise-related outcomes, few research designs have examined the nuance of those relationships. Moreover, interventions targeting the social context of exercise settings are sparse, so the potential impact of staff training on members’ motivation to exercise are not well known. Drawing from two major motivation theories, achievement goal perspective theory and self-determination theory, this study considered an intervention with fitness center staff from the members’ perspectives. Members completed a survey before and after an intervention designed to help staff create a …

Short-Term Effects Of Theracurmin Dose And Exercise Type On Pain, Walking Ability, And Muscle Function In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis, Yun-A Shin, Min-Hwa Suk, Hee-Seung Jang, Hyejung Choi

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term of Theracurmin dose and exercise type on pain, walking ability, and muscle function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients with knee osteoarthritis randomly selected to Theracurmin intake (T) group and Theracurmin in combined with exercise (T+E) group. T group (n= 13) was taken orally a capsule of 700 mg, 3 times per day, (total 2,100 mg, 35 mg/kg-body weight). T+E group (n= 12) performed aerobic training of 30-min walking and weight training for increasing leg muscular strength. After treatment, the number of steps, muscle mass, range of motion of …

Comparison Of The Relationship Between Lying And Standing Ultrasonography Measures Of Muscle Morphology With Isometric And Dynamic Force Production Capabilities, John P. Wagle, Kevin M. Carroll, Aaron J. Cunanan, Christopher B. Taber, Alexander Wetmore, Garett E. Bingham, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current study was (1) to examine the differences between standing and lying measures of vastus lateralis (VL), muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) using ultrasonography; and (2) to explore the relationships between lying and standing measures with isometric and dynamic assessments of force production—specifically peak force, rate of force development (RFD), impulse, and one-repetition maximum back squat. Fourteen resistance-trained subjects (age = 26.8 ± 4.0 years, height = 181.4 ± 6.0 cm, body mass = 89.8 ± 10.7 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.84 ± 0.34) agreed to participate. …

Cardiovascular Health Is Associated With Physical Function Among Older Community Dwelling Men And Women., Yichen Jin, Toshiko Tanaka, Yan Ma, Stefania Bandinelli, Luigi Ferrucci, Sameera A Talegawkar

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Age related decline in physical function is a significant concern affecting the quality of life of older individuals.

Methods

We examined the associations between baseline overall cardiovascular health (CVH), its components, and physical function in 906 men and women from the InCHIANTI cohort. Physical function was assessed using the Short Performance Physical Battery and poor physical function was defined as an Short Performance Physical Battery score less than 10. Overall CVH score, ranging from 0 to 12 in the cohort, was operationalized using adherence to ideal levels for health behaviors including smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, and …

Does Any Good Come From A Coach That Yells? Reflective Experiences From Former Athletes, David C. Barney, Alema Tauiliili

Faculty Publications

Yelling in society is a common occurrence. Parents yell at their children, bosses yell at their employees and coaches yell at their athletes. Yet, in many cases the yelling coach exhibits unkind, loud in nature, and very personal statements. The purpose of this study was to better understand former athlete’s perspectives regarding their thoughts and experiences of their coaches yelling at them. For this study yelling will imply saying loud, unkind, personal comments towards the athlete. For this study 124 former athletes were surveyed regarding their experiences with a yelling coach. Generally, it was found that the former athletes did …

Effect Of Actigraph's Low Frequency Extension For Estimating Steps And Physical Activity Intensity, Yuri Feito, Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle, Lauren A. Reid, Scott E. Crouter

Faculty and Research Publications

This study examined the effects of the ActiGraph’s (AG) low-frequency extension (LFE) filter on steps and physical activity classification in the free-living environment. Thirty-four African-American women (age, 24.5±5.2 years; BMI, 24.9±4.5 kg/m2) had daily activity measured simultaneously with an AG-GT3X+ accelerometer and a New Lifestyles NL-800 pedometer for seven days. Steps per day (steps/day) and time (minutes/day) spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were examined with and without the LFE filter (AG-LFE and AG-N, respectively). The AG-LFE recorded more total steps (13,723±4,983 steps/day) compared to AG-N and NL-800 (6,172±2,838 and 5,817±3,037 steps/day, respectively; p<0.001). Compared to the AG-N, the AG-LFE estimated less time in sedentary behaviors (518.7±92.1 vs. 504.2±105.4 min/day, respectively; p<0.001), and more time in light (247.7±70.4 vs. 279.1±74.7 min/day, respectively; p<0.001) and MVPA (18.9±16.9 vs. 21.5±18.2 min/day, respectively; p<0.001), respectively. These data suggest that steps and physical activity classifications will be affected when using the ActiGraph with and without the LFE filter. Future research should investigate the accuracy of these measures using the LFE filter.

The Influence Of Exercise Empowerment On Life Stress, Tonya M. Parker, Colleen Lewis, Christina Beaudoin

Funded Articles

Background: Psychological stress – when an individual perceives that the environment exceeds their ability to meet the demands placed on them - is common in college students and exercise, and specifically instructional physical activity courses, is frequently cited as a one method of stress reduction. Objective: Determine any relationship between exercise empowerment and perceived life stress for those participating in instructional physical activity courses (IPAC). Methods: All undergraduate students (n = 3388) enrolled in IPAC in 15-week IPAC at a large university were surveyed on perceived life stress (PSS), empowerment in exercise (EES), and specific demographic variables. …

Comparing Performance Category Criteria For U.S. Navy Alternate Physical Readiness Tests, A. Latour, David D. Peterson, M. Rittenhouse, D. Riner

Allied Health Faculty Publications

The current Navy Physical Readiness Test (PRT) allows for several alternative methods, in lieu of the 1.5-mile run, with which to assess aerobic fitness. Two of these methods (elliptical trainer and stationary bike) and two additional devices (2-Km rower and 5-Km bike) were evaluated to determine if maximal effort on all devices produced the same performance category as the 1.5-mile run. One hundred thirty-two active-duty military and midshipmen were recruited from the United States Naval Academy and Naval Support Activity Annapolis. Subjects participated in six testing sessions over a six-week period. Subjects performed a 1.5-mile run (n = 118), 12-minute …

Maturational Timing And Swim Performance In Collegiate Female Swimmers, Brian V. Wright, Andrew C. Cornett, Sierra Wagner, Alan Duski, Joel M. Stager

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine if maturational timing is related to collegiate swim performance. Maturational timing was estimated using age at menarche (AaM), which was determined retrospectively in collegiate swimmers (N = 273). Each swimmer’s best performance during the 2015-2016 NCAA season was obtained from the USA Swimming database and selected based on Power Point Score (PPS), a standardized score given to all performances in the database. Independent samples t tests were used to compare (i) PPS and body mass index (BMI; from selfreported height and weight) between earlier maturing (youngest 33% at menarche) and later maturing …

Open Accessarticle Food Shopping And Acquisition Behaviors In Relation To Bmi Among Residents Of Low-Income Communities In South Carolina, Angela D. Liese, Xiaonan Ma, Brett Hutto, Patrica A. Sharpe, Bethany A. Bell, Sarah Wilcox

Faculty Publications

Low-income areas in which residents have poor access to healthy foods have been referred to as “food deserts.” It is thought that improving food access may help curb the obesity epidemic. Little is known about where residents of food deserts shop and if shopping habits are associated with body mass index (BMI). We evaluated the association of food shopping and acquisition (e.g., obtaining food from church, food pantries, etc.) with BMI among 459 residents of low-income communities from two South Carolina counties, 81% of whom lived in United States Department of Agriculture-designated food deserts. Participants were interviewed about food shopping …

Post-Fatigue Recovery Of Power, Postural Control And Physical Function In Older Women, Stephen A. Foulis, Stephanie L. Jones, Richard E. Van Emmerik, Jane A. Kent

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Low muscle power, particularly at high velocities, has been linked to poor physical function in older adults. Any loss in muscle power following fatiguing exercise or daily activities could impact physical function and postural control until power has fully recovered. To test the overall hypothesis that a common task such as walking can result in prolonged power loss and decreased physical function and balance, 17 healthy older (66–81 years) women completed a 32-min walking test (32MWT) designed to induce neuromuscular fatigue, followed by 60min of recovery (60R). Fatigue and recovery of knee extensor muscle power (3 velocities) were quantified by …

Acute Effects Of Plyometric And Resistance Training On Running Economy In Trained Runners, Richard T. Marcello, Beau K. Greer, Anna E. Greer

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

Results regarding the acute effects of plyometric and resistance training (PRT) on running economy (RE) are conflicting. Eight male collegiate distance runners (21 +/- 1 years, 62.5 +/- 7.8 ml/kg/min V[Combining Dot Above]O2 peak) completed V[Combining Dot Above]O2 peak and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing. Seven days later, subjects completed a 12 minute RE test at 60% and 80% V[Combining Dot Above]O2 peak, followed by a PRT protocol or a rested condition of equal duration (CON). The PRT protocol consisted of 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 85% 1RM for barbell squats, Romanian deadlifts, and barbell lunges; the same volume …

The Runsmart Training Program: Effect On Oxygen Consumption And Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Running, Jennifer Bogulski, Steven Gonser, Doug Bush, Raechel Bugner, Lindsay Clark, Lisa Farrell, Kristen Swanson, Michael Ross

Articles & Book Chapters

As recreational running continues to gain popularity, more individuals are seeking ways to improve running performance. RunSmart is a running intervention program designed to enhance a runner’s form. In addition to correcting flaws in a runner’s form, RunSmart offers the opportunity for runners to continue a regular regimen while slowly integrating changes in form. The purpose of this case series was twofold: to determine if the RunSmart program coincides with improvements in oxygen consumption (VO₂), a variable often associated with better running performance times, and to evaluate the RunSmart program in regard to enhancing gait biomechanics. Five recreational …

Understanding Differences Between Summer Vs. School Obesogenic Behaviors Of Children: The Structured Days Hypothesis, Keith Brazendale, Michael W. Beets, R. Glenn Weaver, Russell R. Pate, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Jessica L. Chandler, Amy Bohnert, Paul T. Von Hippel

Faculty Publications

Background: Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential.

Discussion: There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic …

The Validity Of Submaximal Exercise Testing In Obese Women, Gabrielle Ringenberg

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Background: Submaximal exercise tests use heart rate responses to low-to-moderate intensity activity in order to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (VO_2max). Currently used tests may be inappropriate for obese populations as obese women have altered heart rate responses to exercise. The purpose of this project is to test the validity of the Modified Bruce Protocol submaximal treadmill test in obese women. Methods: Normal-weight (NWG) and obese women (OBG) completed the Modified Bruce submaximal treadmill test (to predict VO_2max using previously validated equations) and a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill using the Standard Bruce Protocol (to obtain an …

Assessment Of Endpoint Criteria And Perceived Barriers During Maximal Cardiorespiratory Testing Among Pregnant Women, Caitlin Hesse

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

PURPOSE: Plateau in oxygen consumption (VO₂) is the primary indicator for determining if an individual has reached their true maximal aerobic capacity (Howley et al., 1995). Although age and gender-specific secondary criteria (i.e. additional criteria that can be used to identify one’s attainment of maximal effort) have been developed for the healthy population, no secondary criteria have been established for pregnant women (Edvarsen et al., 2014). The primary purpose of this study was to analyze secondary endpoint criteria during VO_2max testing among pregnant women during the 2nd trimester. A secondary purpose was to identify emotional and physical …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein And Exercise, Ralf Jäger, Chad M. Kerksick, Bill I. Campbell, Paul J. Cribb, Shawn D. Wells, Tim M. Skwiat, Martin Purpura, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Arny A. Ferrando, Shawn M. Arent, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, Paul J. Arciero, Michael J. Ormsbee, Lem W. Taylor, Colin D. Wilborn, Doug S. Kalman, Richard B. Kreider, Darryn S. Willoughby, Jay R. Hoffman, Jamie L. Krzykowski, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals. Based on the current available literature, the position of the Society is as follows:

1) An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise.

2) For building muscle mass and for maintaining muscle mass through a positive muscle protein balance, an overall daily protein intake in the range of 1.4–2.0 g protein/kg body weight/day (g/kg/d) is …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Diets And Body Composition, Alan A. Aragon, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Robert Wildman, Susan Kleiner, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Lem Taylor, Conrad P. Earnest, Paul J. Arciero, Colin Wilborn, Douglas S. Kalman, Jeffrey R. Stout, Darryn S. Willoughby, Bill Campbell, Shawn M. Arent, Laurent Bannock, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit …

Body Mass Index Associations Between Mother And Offspring From Birth To Age 18: The Fels Longitudinal Study, Stacie S. Swanton, Audrey C. Choh, Miryoung Lee, Lloyd L. Laubach, Jon K. Linderman, Stefan A. Czerwinski, Matthew J. Peterson

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Background: Parental obesity is a known determinant of childhood obesity. Previous research has shown a strong maternal influence on body mass index (BMI) during infancy and early childhood.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the BMI associations between mother and offspring from birth to age 18 years.

Methods: Participants were selected from the Fels Longitudinal Study. The current study sample includes 427 (215 mother/son and 212 mother/daughter) mother/child pairs. These pairs are repeatedly measured at multiple age groups in children, resulting in a total of 6,263 (3,215 mother/son, 3,048 mother/daughter) observations for data analysis. Inclusion criteria were …

Weather And Children’S Physical Activity; How And Why Do Relationships Vary Between Countries?, Flo Harrison, Anna Goodman, Ester M.F. Van Sluijs, Lars Bo Carson, Greet Cardon, Rachel Davey, Kathleen F. Janz, Susi Kriemler, Lynn Molly, Angie S. Page, Russell R. Pate, Jardena J. Puder, Luis B. Sardinha, Anna Timperio, Niels Wedderkopp, Andy P. Jones

Faculty Publications

Background

Globally most children do not engage in enough physical activity. Day length and weather conditions have been identified as determinants of physical activity, although how they may be overcome as barriers is not clear. We aim to examine if and how relationships between children’s physical activity and weather and day length vary between countries and identify settings in which children were better able to maintain activity levels given the weather conditions they experienced.

Methods

In this repeated measures study, we used data from 23,451 participants in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Daily accelerometer-measured physical activity (counts per minute; …

The Effects Of Various Stretching Protocols On Rate Of Force Development In Collegiate Athletes, Brycen Wojta, Katie Lubben, Chris Carroll

Human Kinetics & Applied Health Sciences Student Works

PURPOSE: Stretching is part of a dynamic warm-up that is commonly used in preparation for a number of different sporting events. Previous research suggests that stretching may decrease musculotendinous stiffness which has a possibility to cause an increase in slack of the tendon, therefore, decreasing the speed of force from muscle to bone. The aim of this study was to was to assess three independent stretching protocols and their effect on the rate of force development. METHODS: Ten male and nine female subjects (20 3 years) from the Bethel University basketball teams participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned …

The Effects Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Scapular Motor Control Intervention On The Rehabilitation Of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Madison R. Dorn, Rebekah R. Shindelar, Rick C. Hjelm, Seth A. Paradis

Human Kinetics & Applied Health Sciences Student Works

OBJECTIVE: Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) accounts for 44-65% of total shoulder complaints. Previous research has analyzed the effectiveness of scapular-focused SIS treatment, but little research has been performed evaluating the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) treatment. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of PNF scapular motor control intervention for SIS. METHODS: Patients from the Roseville Medical Center ages 18-64 were randomized to a PNF-treatment or control group to undergo a 4 to 6 week intervention. Prior to each visit, patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) functional survey and evaluated their …

Effects Of A Carbohydrate And Protein Recovery Beverage On Performance In Trained Weightlifters, Christopher B. Taber, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Soto, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Previous investigations have examined nutrient timing with untrained subject and less is known about effects in trained subjects.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate and protein supplement (CHO+PROT) on performance measures in trained weightlifters.

METHODS: 10 trained weightlifters (30.8±5.1 years, 177.4 ±4.0 cm, 94.3 ± 12.4 kg, training age = 5.3 ± 2.9 years) completed a 12 week training program utilizing block periodization. Using a double blind placebo design, jump height, scaled peak power measured in vertical jumps and peak force and rate of force development measured in isometric mid-thigh pulls …

Triathlon Training For Women Breast Cancer Survivors: Feasibility And Initial Efficacy, Alex V. Ng, Alyson Cybulski, Ashley A. Engel, Paula E. Papanek, Megn A. Sheffer, Leslie J. Waltke, Judy A. Tjoe

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Exercise can improve quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors. In contrast to many group or home-based exercise programs, little is known about the effectiveness of goal-oriented recreational activities.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinically overseen team triathlon training program on improving physiological and psychosocial health-related measures in female breast cancer survivors.

Methods

Twenty-three participants (age = 48 (8), BMI = 25 (1), mean (SE)) were recruited from a 14-week sprint triathlon (800-m swim, 20-km bike, 5-km run) team training program for women breast cancer survivors (4 (3) years post-surgery, chemo-, or radiation-therapy). Training …

Hydration And Hot Yoga: Encouragement, Behaviors, And Outcomes, Casey Mace-Firebaugh, Brandon Eggleston

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Context: Currently, the literature on hot yoga is lacking, and there is still much to understand regarding the safety of these practices. However, one point of safety often emphasized is hydration during the practice of hot yoga. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine hydration encouragement by hot yoga instructors and hydration behaviors and related outcomes by hot yoga participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study (n = 700) collected self-report data on demographics, types and frequency of yoga practiced, hydration behaviors, and self-report measures of adverse outcomes experienced by participants during hot yoga. Associations between hydration encouragement, protective …

The Effect Of High Altitude On Central Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness, Christopher Boos, Emmanuel Vincent, Adrian Mellor, David Woods, Caroline Newman, Richard Cruttenden, Matt Barlow, Mark Cooke, Kevin Deighton, Peter Scott, Sarah B. Clarke, John O'Hara

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Music Genres On Average Heart Rate During Exercise, Dulcenea Scott, Shelby Paris, Ben Cochrane, Annie Rund, Kumar Bhowmik

Kinesiology 288

Different types of music can cause a fluctuation of heart rate and intensity during exercise due to the variance in rhythm. This project evaluates heart rate and other physiological responses during exercise while being exposed to two genres of music and a control variable of no music. The two genres of music used for the study include rap and classical for a duration of fifteen minutes on a cycling machine set at the lowest resistance possible. The two genres of music chosen was rap and classical due to their distinctive differences in slow and fast pace in rhythm. [Methodology] The …

Flexibility, Hailey M. Drollinger, Gaige J. Rinkenberger, Nolan J. Woller

Kinesiology 288

The goal of this research was to see if there was any correlation between the time of day and a person's flexibility. The students hypothesized that a person would be more flexible toward the end of the day than at the beginning of the day. Subjects had to do a sit and reach test and one part of the Berg Balance test, the reaching forward with outstretched arms test. The subjects performed these tests three times a day on four different occasions. The measurements show a general increase in flexibility throughout the day with the highest flexibility being in the …

Effect Of Caffeine On Heart Rate And Calories Burned During Exercise, Steven E. Franco, Luis A. Galvan, Ronny M. Olvera, Malcom J. Taylor

Kinesiology 288

Four active collegiate level students were asked to participate in a 3 day study, conducted in a strict environment. These students were required to perform the same exact exercise each day at the same time upon waking on an empty stomach following a fasted sleep. All individuals performed the exercise at 7:00 AM. On day one, the participant was to perform the exercise with no caffeine consumption. The following day, the participant was to drink one cup of coffee and perform the required exercise. On the last day of the experiment, each participant drank two cups of coffee before the …