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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Characterization And Reliability Of The Work-Time Relationship During Arm-Cranking, Tristan Starling-Smith
Characterization And Reliability Of The Work-Time Relationship During Arm-Cranking, Tristan Starling-Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
INTRODUCTION: The critical power (CP) exercise test provides 2 measures, CP and anaerobic working capacity (AWC). CP represents a fatigue threshold that separates the heavy and severe exercise domains, while AWC represents the finite amount of work that can be done above CP. A relatively new protocol for estimating CP has emerged and is described as the 3-minute all-out test (3MT). While this lower body 3MT test has been examined for validity and reliability, very little has been done for the upper body. PURPOSE: Examine the reliability of EP and WEP from the 3MT during upper-body ergometry. This study also …
Utility Of Novel Rotational Load-Velocity Profiling Methods In Collegiate Softball Players, Chad Herring
Utility Of Novel Rotational Load-Velocity Profiling Methods In Collegiate Softball Players, Chad Herring
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability of the bat swing (BS) and rotational medicine ball throw (RMBT) load-velocity profiling (LVP) methods and the relationships between LVP variables and batting performance in NCAA Division I softball players. Current NCAA Division I softball athletes participated in this study. Bat velocity was tracked with a swing sensor during the BS method. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) tracked forearm velocity during the BS and RMBT methods. Two-way intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used for relative reliability and coefficient of variation (CV) was used for absolute reliability. For the BS method …
Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey
Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) will become the United States Army's mandatory physical fitness test in March of 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ACFT performance and both body composition and velocity profiles, and to determine sex differences for these variables. Data was collected in November 2020 (Fall) and March 2021 (Spring) from male (n = 55) and female (n = 17) Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Body composition was assessed with a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) device, and cadets completed a squat jump (SJ) force-velocity profile (FVP) and a hex …
Contextualizing The Acute Responses To Arm Cycling, Nicolas Clark
Contextualizing The Acute Responses To Arm Cycling, Nicolas Clark
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The prescription of aerobic exercise modalities engaging the arm musculature have the potential to extend the reach of physical activity and promote cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with lower body impairment due to excessive body mass, and among individuals seeking to complement and diversify standard leg training. This study compared the acute cardiopulmonary responses obtained during arm cycling and leg cycling performed at different intensities among lean and average (LA) and overfat and obese individuals (OFO). Participants were 37 young and relatively healthy adults. They were tested for mode-specific peak power output and work rate at ventilatory threshold during two randomized …
Effect Of Unaccustomed Eccentric Exercise On Motor Unit Firing Characteristics And The Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect: A Pilot Study, Nicholas Coker
Effect Of Unaccustomed Eccentric Exercise On Motor Unit Firing Characteristics And The Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect: A Pilot Study, Nicholas Coker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Introduction: Eccentric exercise elicits considerable muscle damage. If a bout of unilateral eccentric exercise is repeated on the ipsilateral or contralateral limb, a repeated bout effect (RBE) may be observed where muscle damage is attenuated. Purpose: To examine whether a RBE exists following repeated bouts of damaging eccentric exercise in the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs, and assess changes to motor unit firing characteristics in both limbs following recovery from an initial bout. Methods: Sixteen untrained men were randomized into exercise (EX) or control (CON) groups. EX performed eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors on the dominant (ipsilateral) limb and repeated …
A Mixed-Methods Approach To Understanding The Relationship Between Mental Toughness And The Effect Of Music On Exercise Performance, Kayla Baker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has investigated the use of music as an ergogenic aid for exercise performance; however, the effect of music on exercise may differ between individuals of varying levels of mental toughness (MT). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of MT on the effect of listening to music during exercise. Methods: The current study used a counter-balanced design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach. Thirty-one recreationally-active individuals (22.13 ± 2.11 yrs, 1.73 ± .10 m, 75.68 ± 14.67 kg, 42.89 ± 5.31 mL·kg·min-1; 65.5% males) were recruited for this study. Participants completed an initial visit to …
Noninvasive Myographical Assessments Following Unaccustomed Resistance Exercise, Carleigh Boone
Noninvasive Myographical Assessments Following Unaccustomed Resistance Exercise, Carleigh Boone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Traditionally, post-exercise muscular alterations have been examined using invasive techniques that lack the ability to single out individual muscle groups. Sonomyography, tensiomyography, and electrical impedance myography allow for noninvasive skeletal muscle assessment. This project aimed to examine changes in muscle contractility and composition that occur in the early stages of recovery following unaccustomed exercise. METHODS: Twenty-one untrained adults (21.9 ± 1.9 y) performed exercise – 10 × 10 maximal eccentric knee extensions – with their nondominant leg. For each repetition, participants moved through 90° range of motion at 90°•s-1 with a passive return to the start position. Each set was …
Effects Of Rest Position On Ultrasound-Derived Morphological Characteristics Of The Vastus Lateralis And Lower-Body Force Production, Alyssa Varanoske
Effects Of Rest Position On Ultrasound-Derived Morphological Characteristics Of The Vastus Lateralis And Lower-Body Force Production, Alyssa Varanoske
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound assessment of the lower body typically encompasses 10-15 minutes of supine rest prior to examination because of the potential influence of gravitational fluid shifts on tissue size and composition. However, examination of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle requires individuals to lay in the lateral recumbent position, and this change in position may influence muscle morphological characteristics and their ability to predict muscle function. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of rest position on ultrasound-derived morphological characteristics of the VL and to determine whether or not rest position affects the relationships between muscle morphological …
Role Of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) In Stimulating Strength Improvements Induced By Short-Term Resistance Training, David Church
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Strength adaptations from short-term resistance training are thought to be related primarily to neurological adaptations. Considering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) role in the nervous system, it is possible that BDNF has a role in these adaptations. Fourteen untrained males were randomized into either a resistance training (RT; n =8) or control (CON; n=6) group. Motor unit (MU) recruitment at 50% and 80% of each participant's maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and thickness (MT), as well as one-repetition maximum (1RM) of the squat (SQT), leg press (LP), and leg extension (LE) were performed before (PRE) and …
Examining Work-To-Rest Ratios To Optimize Upper Body Sprint Interval Training, Michael La Monica
Examining Work-To-Rest Ratios To Optimize Upper Body Sprint Interval Training, Michael La Monica
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic influence of varying work-to-rest ratios during upper body sprint interval training (SIT). Forty-two recreationally trained men were randomized into one of three training groups [10s work bouts with two minutes of rest (10:2, n = 11) or four minutes of rest (10:4, n = 11), or 30s work bouts with four minutes of rest (30:4, n = 10)] or a control group (CON, n = 10). Participants underwent six training sessions over two weeks with four to six 'all-out' sprints. During pre- and post-intervention visits, participants underwent a graded …
Mechanical And Physical Characteristics Of Knee Flexors And Extensors Following Different Warm Up Protocols In Collegiate Male Soccer Athletes, Michael Redd
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
PURPOSE: To compare potential differences in mechanical and physical characteristics of knee flexors and extensors in collegiate male soccer players following different warm up protocols. METHODS: Sixteen collegiate male soccer players (20.33 ± 1.33 years, 176.97 ± 6.72 cm, and 78.43 ± 7.42 kg) participated in this study. A small sided games warm up (SSG), a dynamic warm up (DYN), and a plyometric warm up (PLY) were completed using a randomized crossover design. Tensiomyography (TMG) was used to assess contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td) and maximal displacement (Dm) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of both …
Effects Of An Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention On Circulating Levels Of Tnf-Α And Stnfr: Influence Of Age, Eliott Arroyo Delgado
Effects Of An Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention On Circulating Levels Of Tnf-Α And Stnfr: Influence Of Age, Eliott Arroyo Delgado
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The immune system has been implicated in recovery and muscle regeneration following exercise. In response to muscle damage, the immune system responds with an increase in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines with the goal of recruiting leukocytes to the damaged area. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), in particular, has been shown to be implicated in both muscle regeneration and muscle wasting. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-α is responsible for the age-related losses in muscle size and function. Also, due to the high clearance rate of TNF-α from circulation, analyzing the circulating levels of soluble TNF-α receptors 1 and 2 (STNFR1 and STNFR2) …
Effects Of An Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention On Inflammatory And Strength Changes: Influence Of Age, Joseph Gordon
Effects Of An Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention On Inflammatory And Strength Changes: Influence Of Age, Joseph Gordon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a high volume isokinetic intervention on lower body strength and inflammation, as well as markers of muscle damage in the subsequent 48 hours between younger and middle-aged men. METHODS: 19 healthy, recreationally trained men were randomly assigned to two groups, younger adults (YA: 21.8 ± 2.0 y; 90.7 ± 11.6 kg; 21.5 ± 4.1 % body fat), or middle-aged adults (MA: 47.0 ± 4.4 y; 96.0 ± 21.5; 24.8 ± 6.3 % body fat). Both groups reported to the human performance laboratory (HPL) on four separate occasions. On …
The Effects Of Sprint Interval Training And Maturity Status On Metabolic And Neuromuscular Fatigue Thresholds In Adolescents, Kyle Beyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To examine the maturity-related differences in the adaptations to systemic and localized fatigue thresholds (FTs) in response to sprint interval training (SIT) amongst adolescent male athletes. Methods: Twenty-seven adolescent male athletes, 11-17 years of age, completed pre-testing, six weeks of SIT, and post-testing. Participants were grouped according to their number of years from peak height velocity (PHV), an estimation of somatic maturity status, into PRE ( < -1.5yr), PERI (between -1.5 to +1.5yr) and POST ( > +1.5yr) PHV groups. Each testing session consisted of a ramp exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer. During the protocol, three systemic FTs, gas exchange threshold, ventilatory threshold, and respiratory compensation point were calculated …
The Effect Of Repeated Sprint Training In Hypoxia And Beta-Alanine Supplementation On Exercise Performance, Ran Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effects of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) and beta-alanine supplementation on performance in recreationally active men. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: hypoxia + beta-alanine (HB, n = 10), hypoxia + placebo (HP, n = 9), normoxia + beta-alanine (NB, n = 11) and normoxia + placebo (NP, n = 8). All participants completed a total of 8 training sessions (each consisting of 3 sets of 5 × 10-s sprints at a resistance of 7.5% of body mass, with 20-s rest intervals between sprints) …
Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization And Adhesion Characteristics Of Granulocytes And Monocyte Subsets, Adam Jajtner
Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization And Adhesion Characteristics Of Granulocytes And Monocyte Subsets, Adam Jajtner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Resistance exercise eliciting muscle damage results in an immune response, leading to increases in circulating cytokines, and immune cell mobilization. Classical monocytes respond to muscle damage, however, little is known about the intermediate or nonclassical monocyte response to resistance exercise. Moreover, the impact of polyphenol supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise on the innate immune response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune response following resistance exercise with (PPB) and without (PL) polyphenol supplementation. Thirty-nine untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n=13, 21.8±2.5yrs, 171.2±5.5cm, 71.2±8.2kg), PL (n=15, 21.6±2.5yrs, 176.5±4.9cm, 84.0±15.7kg) or a control …
Intramuscular Tnf-Alpha Signaling In Response To Resistance Exercise And Recovery In Untrained Males., Jeremy Townsend
Intramuscular Tnf-Alpha Signaling In Response To Resistance Exercise And Recovery In Untrained Males., Jeremy Townsend
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
INTRODUCTION: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ) signaling cascade is responsible for mediating stress-activated catabolic effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) downstream of the TNF receptor (TNFR1). NF-κβ transcription factor remains inhibited in the cytosol of the muscle and can be stimulated for translocation and transcription by a variety of external stimuli, most notably by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, currently there is a gap in the literature with regard to the time course effect of NF-κβ signaling following acute resistance exercise in humans. PURPOSE: To observe the effects of an acute lower-body resistance exercise protocol and subsequent …
Acute Pro-Inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Wells
Acute Pro-Inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Wells
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate pro-inflammatory immune response varies with different resistance training protocols, and how it may impact recovery and the muscle remodeling process. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine temporal …
Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling And Endocrine Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Gonzalez
Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling And Endocrine Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols In Trained Men, Adam Gonzalez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway appears to be the primary regulator of protein synthesis and growth. While resistance exercise paradigms are often divided into hypertrophy (HYP) and strength (STR) protocols, it is unknown whether these protocols differentially stimulate mTORC1 signaling. The purpose of this study was to examine mTORC1 signaling in conjunction with circulating hormone concentrations following a typical lower-body HYP and STR resistance exercise protocol. Ten resistance-trained men (24.7±3.4y; 90.1±11.3kg; 176.0±4.9cm) performed each resistance exercise protocol in a random, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), 1 …
The Effect Of Training Volume And Intensity On Improvements In Muscular Strength And Size In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald Mangine
The Effect Of Training Volume And Intensity On Improvements In Muscular Strength And Size In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald Mangine
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The magnitude of improvements in muscular strength and size are influenced by the volume and intensity of a resistance training program. While it is clearly advantageous for resistance-trained individuals to utilize programming specific to these goals, it not clear which is more important. Therefore the purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of focusing on training volume versus intensity on changes in muscle size and strength. Changes in muscular strength and size were examined in 29 resistance-trained men following 8 weeks of resistance training. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high volume (VOL, n = 14, …
Test-Retest Reliability Of Noninvasive Ambulatory Impedance Cardiography During Aerobic Exercise, Benjamin Germain
Test-Retest Reliability Of Noninvasive Ambulatory Impedance Cardiography During Aerobic Exercise, Benjamin Germain
HIM 1990-2015
Impedance cardiography is an important tool in determining a person's hemodynamic properties. The makers obtained through thoracic impedance have been shown to be of great importance when monitoring critical care patients. Technological developments have made this process noninvasive and ambulatory, opening up new possibilities for potential use. A study was conducted by remotely monitoring healthy subjects (n=5), who performed an 8-minute mild-to-moderate aerobic exercise protocol, followed up by a four minute cognitive stress test. Testing was conducted onsite at Kennedy Space Center in association with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using the MW1000A (MindWare Technologies LTD, Gahanna, OH) ambulatory …