Life Sciences Commons^™

Use Of Double Sample Plans In Insect Sampling With Reference To The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Jan P. Nyrop, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

When used in a pest control decision-making context, protocols for obtaining sample information on insect numbers can be evaluated via three properties: the operating characteristic (OC), the average sample number (ASN), and the availability of methods for calculating the OC and ASN. On the average, sequential sample plans have lower ASN's, and OC's are comparable to fixed sample-size procedures. The two most commonly used sequential procedures for insect sampling are Wald's probability ratio test and a test proposed by Iwao. Each of these methods has limitations. An alternative to sequential procedures is double sampling. Double sample plans developed for the …

Behavior And Ecological Interactions Of Larval Odonata, Clay L. Pierce, Philip H. Crowley, Dan M. Johnson

Clay L. Pierce

Enallagma aspersum and E. traviatum (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) are the most abundant larval odonates in Bays Mountain Park (Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA), although their spatial distributions are essentially nonoverlapping. E. traviatum coexists with insectivorous fish in a small lake, whereas E. aspersum is restricted to a small fishless pond nearby. Behavioral observations revealed that E. aspersum larvae were more active than E. traviatum, and tended to occupy more conspicuous positions. E. aspersum also engaged in more confrontations than E. traviatum, especially at higher density. In laboratorye xperimentsw ith juvenile bluegills( Lepomism acrochirusa) s predators,E . aspersum larvae were more vulnerable to …

Comparison Of Vacuum And Carbon Dioxide-Cone Sampling Devices For Arthropods In Flooded Rice, Merle Shepard, G. Aquino, E. R. Ferrer, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leafhoppers (Nepholett.ix spp.), whitebacked planthoppers, [Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)]. brown planthoppers [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)], ripple bugs (Micrvuelia atrolineala Bergoth), a predatory myrid (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter) and spiders were sampled from flooded rice using a vacuum sampling device (FARMCOP) and a cone sampler (C0₂NE). The vacuum sampler was a modified automobile vacuum cleaner powered by batteries and the cone sampler required carbon dioxide gas and aluminum cones. The FARMCOP sampler yielded significantly higher mean numbers of most arthropods except spiders. However, the coefficients of variation for the two techniques were approximately equal and the C0 …

Relationship Between Planthoppers (Nilaparvata Lugens And Sogatella Furcifera) And Rice Diseases, S. C. Lee, D. M. Matias, T. W. Mew, J. S. Sorino, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens

(Still) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on …

Variation In Population Sex Ratio And Mating Success Of Asexual Lineages Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Populations of Alsophila pometaria (Harris) are largely gynogenetic and composed of asexual females that must mate with a conspecific male to reproduce. Within this asexual contingent, there are a variety of electrophoretically defined multilocus genotypes. In this study we found that populations differ in sex ratio. We also found that there is an indication of differential mating success among asexual genotypes in a population of A. pometaria.

Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Expression Of Resistance In Solanum Berthaultii And Interspecific Potato Hybrids, Robert J. Wright, Michael B. Dimock, Ward M. Tingey, Robert L. Plaisted

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A wild potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and its interspecific hybrids with the commercial potato, S. tuberosum L., were evaluated for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in field and laboratory studies in New York. Field-collected summer adults produced nearly 3-fold more eggs on S. tuberosum cv. Katahdin than on S. berthaultii over a 7-day period. Egg masses laid on 'Katahdin' were 61% larger than those laid on S. berthaultii. In field cage plots of S. berthaultii, CPB larval development was retarded and very few larvae survived to adulthood. Densities of overwintered CPB adults …

Survivorship And Growth Of Sexually And Asexually Derived Larvae Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A substantial body of theory is devoted to understanding the relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. It is generally understood that asexual forms potentially have a higher rate of reproduction because they save the cost of producing males. The micro-evolutionary consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction are less clear. Sexual reproduction generates abundant genotypic diversity which may be adaptively advantageous (Williams 1975; Maynard Smith 1978). Asexual reproduction may perpetuate combinations of genes that are co-adapted (Templeton 1979), heterotic (Suomalainen et al. 1976; White 1979), or specialized (Vrijenhoek 1979, 1984). Thus, it is possible that the fitness of a sexual …

Male Reproductive Parasitism: A Factor In The Africanization Of European Honey-Bee Populations, Thomas E. Rinderer, Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Anita M. Collins, Robert G. Danka

Richard L Hellmich

Africanized drone honey bees (Apis mellifera) migrate into European honey-bee colonies in large numbers, but Africanized colonies only rarely host drones from other colonies. This migration leads to a strong mating advantage for Africanized bees since it both inhibits European drone production and enhances Africanized drone production

Male Effects On Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ary A. Hoffman, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Effects of male Drosophila melanogaster on female fecundity and productivity were examined, considering both females held in containers with males and females exposed to male effects not involving contact. Females were more fecund when male effects were present, and the largest increase was recorded when vials were previously conditioned by males. This effect was probably due to the growth of transmitted microorganisms, which were observed on the laying surface, as further experiments with vials conditioned by virgin females showed a similar increase in fecundity. A male-specific effect was isolated by conditioning bottles containing only agar with males and virgin females. …

Factors Affecting Feeding Injury To Grasses By Adult Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Dale C. Nielson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Factors associated with feeding injury to grass plants by two species of adult billbugs, Sphenophorus gentilis and S. parvulus, were evaluated. Early season tests utilized adult bluegrass billbugs while later studies involved wildrye billbugs. Types of feeding injury were determined and preferred feeding locations on host plants were identified for each billbug species. Greenhouse and field studies compared different species of grasses, individual plants within a species, and plants from different locations, for billbug susceptibility. The effect of grass plant age and stem size were also tested using bluegrass billbugs.

Using analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests, significant …

The Origin And Distribution Of Clonal Diversity In Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

A survey of spatial and temporal variation in the frequency of electrophoretically defined genotypes in the geometrid moth Alsophila pometaria revealed a high diversity of uncommon or rare asexual genotypes and clinal distributions of two of the more common clones. There was substantial year-to-year variation in genotype frequencies in seven of eleven sites. Progeny tests have revealed that sexual reproduction is uncommon in two populations and that new asexual genotypes arise from the sexual population. The recurrent origin of asexual genotypes is likely to account for the high genetic and ecological diversity of the asexual contingent of this species’ populations, …

Tb115: Growth And Development Of The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Fed Foliage Of Three Solanum Species, A. A. Melville, R. H. Storch, R. J. Bushway, A. R. Alford

Technical Bulletins

The purpose of this study was to compare growth and development of CPB larvae fed Solanum chacoense and Solanum demissum with those reared on S. tuberosum.

Classification, Paleoecology, And Biostratigraphy Of Crinoids From The Stull Shale (Late Pennsylvanian) Of Nebraska, Kansas, And Iowa, Roger K. Pabian, Harrell L. Strimple

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum

Thirteen species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Cromyocrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Scytalocrinidae, and Ampelocrinidae have been collected from the Stull Shale Member of the Kanwaka Formation in the Shawnee Group of the Virgil Series (Upper Pennsylvanian) from near Weeping Water and Plattsmouth, Nebraska, and near Pacific Junction, Iowa. Exposures of the Stull Shale near Melvern, Kansas, have yielded 14 species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, Catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Lophocrinidae Allagecrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Apographiocrinidae, and Stellarocrinidae. All but two of the species present in the Stull Shale have been previously reported from other stratigraphic horizons, including the Vinland Shale …

The Chrysis Gibba Species Group In The New World (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae), R. M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

The gibba group of Chrysis occurs in many parts of the world. It is characterized in part by a lengthened clypeus. Other features are the usually long malar space, micro-ridging on the scapal basin, a frontal carina (when developed) with a broad M-shape and partial posterior rami (broadly biconvex in one species), tergum II apicolaterally obtuse, and tergum III with 4 teeth or lobes. American forms in the male, and to lesser extent the female, have long whitish hair beneath the head and on the opposing surface of the forecoxae. Other legs are also quite hairy, especially in males. Sternum …

Four Undescribed Oligocene Craneflies From Florissant, Colorado, (Diptera:Tipulidae), F. Martin Brown

Insecta Mundi

The following described craneflies were discovered during ongoing research at the Museum of the University of Colorado in preparation of parts of the Colorado Natural History Inventory.

These Oligocene shale specimens are somewhat difficult to study. This is especially true of Limoniinae with lightly sclerotized veins. With proper illumination and a good binocular microscope, the veins often appear as glittering lines on the shale. The veins often are better seen when the specimen is placed so the veins are illuminated from one end. Sometimes the shale is so rough that this lighting does not improve their visibility.

The help of …

A Monograph Of The Genus Pheidole In Florida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Marcio A. Naves

Insecta Mundi

The genus Pheidole is one of the more important ant genera in the world Approximately 1000 species are now known. Over 400 of these are found in the Neotropical region (Kempf, 1972), and about 75 taxa are known from North America north of Mexico. Pheidole spp. are abundant in many areas, and live in varying habitats ranging from the humid tropics to deserts. They are able to survive in some areas by their habits of collecting and storing seeds as food resources. They are also scavengers of dead insects and other animals, and can be predacious. Some species tends aphids …

A New Subspecies Of Inca Clathrata (Olivier) From Trinidad, West Indies, And Range Extensions For Inca Clathrata Sommeri Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Trichiinae), Julius Boos, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Inca clathrata quesneli is described as a new subspecies from Trinidad, West Indies. New distribution records are given for Inca clathrata sommeri Westwood that extend its range northward in Mexico by approximately 200 km and southward into Colombia and Ecuador in South America west of the Andes. A brief analysis of the historical biogeography of Inca clathrata (Olivier) suggests vicariance (Andean uplift) to explain the separation of the clathrata/sommeri subspecies lineage, and dispersal to explain the separation and isolation of the quesneli lineage on Trinidad and occurrence of sommeri in Mesoamerica.

Evaluation Of Rice Cultivars For Resistance To Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), E. A. Heinrichs, E. Camanag, A. Romena

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Greenhouse screening of 17,914 accessions of rice, Oryza sativa L., from 62 countries identified 115 accessions from 10 countries having resistant or moderately resistant reactions to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. Of 264 wild rices (Oryza spp.) screened, 10 (3.7%) were resistant. Several breeding lines having “Ptb33” and “W1263” as donor parents were moderately resistant. All of the resistant accessions are from regions where C. medinalis is an important pest, except for one accession from Italy, which is beyond the range of C. medinalis distribution.

Alfalfa Seed Cbalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Infestation Trials In Annual Medicago, Gary Brewer, Edgar L. Sorensen, E. K. Horber

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We evaluated five annual Medicago species (M. disciformis DC., M. rigidula (L.) All., M. ciliaris (L.) Kroeker, M. rugosa Des., and M. rotata Boiss.) as potential hosts of the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky), in growth chambers. A perennial, M. sativa L., was used as a susceptible control. The five annual species represented the four sections (Leptospirae, Pachyspirae, Intertextae, Rotatae) of the subgenus Spirocarpus.

In no-choice tests, all annual species were highly resistant to the chalcid. Ovipositor marks and larvae were found in some M. rigidula. The other annuals were uninfested. In a second test, we were unsuccessful in …

Biochemical Evidence For Hybridization In Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren, Francisco M. Alvarez

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Hybridization in social insects has been predicted on a theoretical basis by Pearson (1983); however, it is not a commonly reported phenomenon among ants. We recently found support for this theory when we discovered unique biochemical evidence for hybridization between Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, two South American fire ant species that were inadvertently introduced into the southeastern United States.

'Dermo' Fleece Rot And Body Strike On Sheep, S G. Gherardi, S. S. Sutherland, N. Monzu

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Blowfly strike is one of the major problems confronting the sheep industry in Austrsalia, with an estimated totsalcost of control eceeding $100 million each year.

Sheep are susceptible to five types of strike: body, breach, poll, pizzle and wound. Body strike, is of greater economic importance because its sporadic occurence from year to year makes it difficult to predict and cintrol. Outbreaks of body strike after rain can affect large numbers of sheep and inflict severe production losses.

In eastern Australia fleece rot is generally considered to be the main predisposing factor to blowfly strike, but in Western Australia evidence …

Unidirectional Reproductive Incompatibility Between Aedes (Protomacleaya) Brelandi And A. (P.) Hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae)., David B. Taylor, George B. Craig

David B Taylor

Forced mating was used to determine reproductive compatibility between two species in the Triseriatus Group of Aedes (Protomacleaya). In the cross between A. hendersoni Cockerell females and A. brelandi Zavortink males, only 7% of the females laid eggs that developed embryos. Furthermore, <5% of the eggs from single-female clutches in which one or more eggs did embryonate were fertile. In the reciprocal cross, A. brelandi females crossed to A. hendersoni males, 70% of the females laid fertile eggs and >80% of the eggs from those females became embryonated. Approximately 80% of the females were inseminated in both of the reciprocal crosses, No chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the hybrids. Incompatibility between the A. brelandi male genome and the A. hendersoni female cytoplasm appeared to be the cause of the reduced fertility.

Selection For High And Low Pollenhoarding Honey Bees, Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Jovan M. Kulincevic, Walter C. Rothenbuhler

Richard L Hellmich

Pollen hoarding by the honey bee can be modified by selection. Two-way selection for honey bees that hoarded high and low levels of pollen in nucleus colonies was made for four generations. Two different lines of bees were produced in which high-line colonies hoarded significantly more pollen than low-line colonies. Rapid separation exhibited by the two lines suggests that the heritability of this trait is high (divergence h2 = 49.5 percent ± 20.3 percent). Genetic gains of the lines were asymmetrical in which substantial progress was made during high-line selection, while little, if any progress was made during low-line selection. …

Compatibility Of Intercropping With Mechanized Agriculture: Effects Of Strip Intercropping Of Pinto Beans And Sweet Corn On Insect Abundance In Colorado, J. L. Capinera, Thomas J. Weissling, E. E. Schweizer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for management of insect pest densities by regulation of crop diversity through intercropping was examined in sweet corn and pinto beans. Insect abundance was monitored in corn and beans in alternating multiple-row patterns of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 rows. Insect responses to intercropping treatments were variable, with positive, negative, and neutral responses observed, depending on species of insect and crop. In some cases, insect abundance was affected by strip-intercropping widths of up to eight rows, suggesting that strip intercropping may be compatible with some types of mechanized agriculture.

A Survey Of House Dust Mites In The Williamsburg Area, Mark Timothy Lassiter

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Extrafloral Nectaries On Plants In Communities Without Ants: Hawaii, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Since the Hawaiian Islands lack native ants, it was hypothesized that extrafloral nectaries, an ant-related mutualistic trait, should be lacking on native species. Presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on plants was determined by direct observation and related to vegetation structure and floral composition. Frequency of plants with EFNs was low by all possible comparisons. However, several endemic species had functional EFNs. The hypotheses to explain these anomalies are (1) phylogenetic inertia or (2) mutualism with some other organism than ants.

Social Factors Affecting Male Reproductive Success In Nasonia Vitripennis, Harold Allen Orr

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Environmental Factors Affecting Dispersal Behavior In Nasonia Vitripennis (Hym, Pteromalidae), Robert Perry Steele

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Kinship On Reproductive Success Of Male Nasonia Vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Douglas Stuart Bryant

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Synopsis Of The Hydrometridae Of Arkansas, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.