Life Sciences Commons^™

Nematosporaceae (Hemiascomycetidae): Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, Distribution, And Vector Relations, Lekh R. Batra

Ba

For almost a century (42, 139) certain yeast, or yeastlike parasites of fruits and seeds have been known. They occur on a wide variety of crop plants and cause such diseases as stigmatomycosis," "yeast-spot," "eye spot," and "internal rot." They seemingly represent a phylogenetic unit. They have cylindrical or pyriform asci, and the hyaline ascospores often are characteristically arranged in two fascicles lying end to end. All have acicular ascospores. (See figs. 2, a-c; 5 , c; 11, hand i; 12, A; 13, c-h; 15,j-k.) They have similar habitats, and several species may simultaneously occur in the same fruit or …

Toxicity Of Pesticides And Other Agricultural Chemicals To Honey Bees, E. L. Atkins, E. A. Greywood, R. L. Macdonald

An

The California beekeeping industry of more than 600,000 colonies produced in 1965 an income of nearly $8,500,000 (Stanger, 1966). In addition, honey bees are annually used to pollinate California crops worth $200 million. For the past 80 years this import

Ultrastructure Of Histochemically Localized Cholinesterases In Central And Peripheral Nervous Systems Of Two Insects: Periplaneta Americana L. And Acheta Domestica L, Clifford James Stratton

Theses and Dissertations

Cholinesterase (ChE) was histochemically localized by three methods in the sixth abdominal ganglion and the femur of crickets and cockroaches using light and electron microscopy. The light microscopy showed that ChE in insect femur could be readily demonstrated. The ultrastructural data showed enzyme activity: in ganglion - neural lamella, perineurium, axolemma, inside axons, along glia and at probable synapses; in peripheral nerves - in glial cells, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-system, axolemma, sarcolemma and at neuromuscular junctions. All activity was inhibited with 10-4 eserine except in the neural lamella, suggesting cholinesterase at all of the above sites except the neural lamella where …

Seasonal Abundance Of The European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hbn.) Within The North Central United States, R. E. Hill, H. C. Chiang, A. J. Keaster, W. B. Showers, G. L. Reed

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Annual changes in corn borer populations in the North Central States were measured as a phase of a Regional Project, NC-20, entitled "Factors Influencing Corn Borer Populations" in Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri and Ohio over a period of years. Standardized procedures were followed to estimate the seasonal abundance of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), under cropping procedures in different locations within the North Central States. The primary purpose of the present bulletin is to present results for the 1965 to 1969 period and to compare these results with the previous 10 years and thus attempt to analyze …

Path-Coefficient Analysis Of Correlation Between Honey Bee Activity And Seed Yield In (Allium Cepa L.), N. S. Shasha'a, William P. Nye, W. F. Campbell

All PIRU Publications

A path-coefficient analysis was used to furnish information on the inter-relationships of pollinating insect activity and components of seed yield in inbreds of Allium cepa L. The inbreds differed very significantly in their attentiveness to pollinating insects. Only one inbred exhibited a significant correlation (P <0.05 positive) between numbers of honey bees and seed yields. Separating the correlation coefficients into components of direct and indirect effects indicated that pollination attractiveness was not the limiting factor in seed set for inbreds in the experiment. Moreover, most of the variation in seed yield could be attributed to indirect effects on the components of yield, umbels per plant, flowers per umbel, percent per fertilized flower, and seeds per fertilized flower.

Control Of Loopers On Snap Beans, Elvis A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Charles L. Mullins, W. J. Vanlandingham

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., are important to the economy of Tennessee. According to the publication, Tennessee Agricultural Statistics, 13,000 acres were grown in Tennessee in 1971 with a value of $2,984,000. Tennessee produces 5.9% of the beans grown in the United States and ranks fifth in the nation in snap bean production. Tennessee-grown beans are processed in Tennessee and in nearby states. In 1972 demand was up because of poor growing weather in the adjacent bean producing states. Most beans in Tennessee are grown on the Cumberland Plateau, Sequatchie Valley, and in extreme northeast Tennessee. In recent years, looper …

Control Of The Army Cutworm On Alfalfa In Nebraska, G. R. Manglitz, J. M. Schalk, L. W. Andersen, K. P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), is a frequent early spring pest of alfalfa in the western Plains States. Good control with endrin was reported by Burkhardt (1954), Pfadt (1955), and DePew (1959). Also, endosulfan appeared to give good control on alfalfa (Pfadt 1960) and on small grains (K. P. Pruess, 1959, University of Nebraska, Department of Entomology, unpublished report) but not on sugarbeets (DePew 1959). The purpose of the present study was to test some of the newer insecticides, particularly those that have been effective against other species of cutworms. Three tests were conducted at various locations in south-central …

Drift Of Terrestrial Arthropods In An Irrigation Canal Following A Wide-Area Application Of Ulv Malathion, Dewey Urbauer, K. P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Numbers of arthropods drifting in an irrigation canal were recorded at 30-min intervals during and after an upstream application of ULV malathion. Flower-visiting and parasitic Hymenoptera were the first insects to increase; a bimodal drift pattern resulted from an interruption in the spray application. Diptera exhibited a delayed response but the numbers collected, especially Paracantha culta (Wiedemann), suggest high susceptibility. Ants occurred in large numbers over a long period, but mortality was probably low. Miridae and Cicadellidae were probably more susceptible than Orthoptera and adult Odonata but had similar delayed drift patterns. Tetragnathidae were the most, and Thomiscidae the least, …

Control Of Leaf-Feeding Insects On Yellow-Poplar, E. A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Ellis L. Matheny Jr.

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Yellow-poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera L., also known as the tulip-poplar, is an important source of pulpwood and saw timber, and it is widely used as a shade tree. Numerous insect species attack the foliage of yellow-poplar. In 1965, Odontopus calceatus (Say) was first observed seriously damaging yellow-poplar in Tennessee (Russell and Stanley 1967). Defoliation was so severe at the University of Tennessee Oak Ridge Forest Experiment Station that growth reduction was attributed to this pest (Buckner 1972). In 1967, observations by one of us (E.A.H.) indicated that several other insects attack yellow-poplar leaves during the spring. Infestations of the aphid Macrosiphum …

Collard Insect Control, E. A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Charles A. Mullins

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Collards, Brassica oleracea var. viridis, because of their nutritional value, are important vegetables in the diets of many Tennesseans. According to a survey conducted by R. D. Freeland of the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Tennessee produced 1,544 acres of fresh and 4,405 acres of processor collards in 1971. Most were grown on the Cumberland Plateau and in West Tennessee. Many insects attack collard foliage. Flea beetle feeding causes "shot holes" in the leaf. Various caterpillars such as the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) , and the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), are capable of severe defoliation (Figure …

Diapause In The Boll Weevil, Anthonontus Grandis Boheman, As Related To Fruiting Activity In The Cotton Plant, F. L. Carter, Jacob R. Phillips

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Studies in Arkansas show that boll weevil diapause is related to changes in fruiting activity of the cotton plant. Generally, when larval development took place while fruiting levels were increasing or being held at a high level, diapause in resulting adults was low (0-20%). Diapause was approximately 20-50% when larval development coincided with decreasing fruiting levels, and was 50-100% as true cut-out approached. Regrowth cotton generally lowered diapause incidence and as fruiting levels decreased, diapause increased. Therefore, the boll weevil not only responds to short photoperiods that are characteristic during the fall in the temperate zone, but also may respond …

Systemic Insecticides Effective Against Poplar Tentmaker In Cottonwood Plantations, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of The Insect Fauna Of Canada Thistle, Cirsium Arvense, In South Dakota; And Studies Relating To Biological Control By Ceutorhynchus Litura And Cassida Rubiginose, Lance Jerome Nearman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A total of 121 indigenous insect taxa representing 9 orders, 64 families, 103 genera and 118 species was collected from Canada thistle (Compositae: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in South Dakota during 1970 through 1973. This survey identified the major phytophagous and entomophagous insect fauna associated with this noxious weed. The common phytophagous species observed feeding on thistle were all polyphagous and failed to control Canada thistle below the economic level. Field cage releases of adult Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) weevils were made on a thistle infested pasture site located in east central South Dakota during 1972-1973. Ninety-nine weevils were released in …

Synanthropic Spiders Araneae Of The Twin Cities Area, Bruce Cutler

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A review of those spiders which are most likely to enter manmade structures or which occur on highly disturbed ground is presented. The nine species which are dependent on man's activities are discussed in more detail. Along with the species names there is a reference to illustrations in two available field guides to aid in identification.

The Bees Of Curlew Valley (Utah And Idaho), George E. Bohart, G. F. Knowlton

All PIRU Publications

In America north of Mexico there are an estimated 4,000 species of bees distributed in approximately 110 genera. In Curlew Valley, 132 species in 33 genera have been identified, and approximately 25 additional unidentified species have been collected. It is likely that at least 225 species in 40 genera should be found eventually. The bee fauna of Curlew Valley can be roughly divided into the following 4 categories on a seasonal basis.

Insect Pollination And Seed Set Of Onions (Allium Cepa L.), William P. Nye, N. S. Shasha'a, W. F. Campbell, A. R. Hamson

All PIRU Publications

No abstract provided.

Biological Control Of Heliothis In Sorghum, P J. Michael

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This research looks at Biological control of Heiiothis in sorghum, a preliminary report.

Respiration Rates Of Two Midge Species At Different Temperatures, George L. Harp, Robert S. Campbell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Respiration values for Chironomus n. sp. ranged from 0.11 mm³ O₂ /mg/hr at 5C to 0.44 mm³ O₂. /gm/hr at 25C. The range for Chaoborus punctipennis was from 0.15 mm³ O₂ /mg/hr at 5C to 0.56 mm³ O₂ /mg/hr at 25C. These low respiratory rates allow the two species to withstand low oxygen tensions for extended periods of time. Reflecting this ability, both species attained their greatest numerical and biomass values in the profundal regions of three strip-mine lakes whose lower waters become oxygen depleted during thermal stratification.

Natural Control Of Insect Pests On The Ord?, P J. Michael

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Current trials conducted by the Department of Agriculture at Kununurra are indicating that there may be an important place for biological control of insect pests of the Ord River Irrigation Area.

Biology Of The Flea Beetle, Altica Carduorum Guer. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) On Canada Thistle, Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop., In South Dakota, Burton Danis Schaber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A laboratory colony of Altica carduorum Guer. was established from a stock colony of 50 adult beetles. They had an average previposition period of 7 days when exposed to a regular cycle of 16 hr. of light (24° C) and 8 hr. of darkness (12.75° C). Under these conditions, females laid an average of 259.3 ± 9.7 eggs, and longevity averaged 100 days. The eggs are laid on the underside of leaves along edges of leaf veins throughout June. Adults fed and overwintered in the soil, and some beetles emerged the following spring and laid viable eggs. Laboratory studies indicate …

Comparative Study Of The Photopositive Coleoptera Of The Embarras River Floodplain And Upland Ridge, Ann Decker

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Chemicals For Argentine Ant Control, Clee Francis Howard Jenkins, P. N. Forte

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Argentine ant is one of the most serious ant pests in the world and as such, has been the subject of large-scale control campaigns in several countries.

Early control measures against the Argentine ant in Western Australia involved quarantine of infected areas and the use of arsenical baits, based mainly on the so-called U.S. Government formula.

Since this time the hunt has been on for a more effective chemical, without undesirable effects.

Biology And Ecology Of False Wireworms In South Dakota (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Carrol Otto Calkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

False wireworms were important pests of wheat on the Great Plains during the early 20th century. Until recently, they were of little importance; however, they are now occasionally appearing in damaging proportions. The purpose of studying the biological and ecological aspects of these insects in South Dakota was to understand the factors responsible for their demise and the circumstances that could affect the recurrence of damaging populations. The more common species of false wireworms found in South Dakota during this study were Eleodes suturalis (Say), E. opaca (Say), E. hispilabris (Say), E. tricostata (Say), E. extricata (Say), E. obsoleta (Say), …

The Eriophyoidea Of South Dakota, Magdalena Lopez Briones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper presents the results of the taxonomic investigation of the Eriophyoidea in South Dakota. Information is given on the morphology, discussion of variation within a population, distribution, damage in host plants, economic importance and techniques of collecting and preparing specimens. There are 42 previously described species included in this study. Of the 48 species studied, six are new. Species described are: Aculops maximilianae, Diptacus pengsonae, Eriophyes arceosae, Eriophyes taylori, Tegonotus lindenus, and Tetra mcdanieli.