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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Adding Ecological Considerations To Environmental Accounting, David A. Bainbridge
Adding Ecological Considerations To Environmental Accounting, David A. Bainbridge
David A Bainbridge
Environmental accounting has often neglected ecological costs. These are essential to complete a true cost accounting. Ecological costs are often very large and long term and if they are ignored the costs/benefits of projects are incorrectly calculated.
Acorn Use As Food, David A. Bainbridge
Acorn Use As Food, David A. Bainbridge
David A Bainbridge
The acorns from oaks (Quercus) and tan oaks (Lithocarpus) have been used as food for many thousands of years. They occur in the archaeological record of the early town sites in the Zagros Mountains, at Catal Hüyük (6000 BC), and oak trees were carefully inventoried by the Assyrians during the reign of Sargon II. In Europe, Asia, North Africa, the Mid-East, and North America, acorns were once a staple food. They are still a commercial food crop in several countries. Acorns are still harvested and used in several areas of the United States, most notably Southern Arizona and California. There …
Identifying Placebo Effects With Data From Clinical Trials, Anup Malani
Identifying Placebo Effects With Data From Clinical Trials, Anup Malani
Anup Malani
A medical treatment is said to have placebo effects if patients who are optimistic about the treatment respond better to the treatment. This paper proposes a simple test for placebo effects. Instead of comparing the treatment and control arms of a single trial, one should compare the treatment arms of two trials with different probabilities of assignment to treatment. If there are placebo effects, patients in the higher-probability trial will experience better outcomes simply because they believe that there is a greater chance of receiving treatment. This paper finds evidence of placebo effects in trials of antiulcer and cholesterol-lowering drugs.
On The Robustness Of Robustness Checks Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Marzio Galeotti, Matteo Manera, Alessandro Lanza
On The Robustness Of Robustness Checks Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Marzio Galeotti, Matteo Manera, Alessandro Lanza
Matteo Manera
Since its first inception in the debate on the relationship between environment and growth in 1992, the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been subject of continuous and intense scrutiny. The literature can be roughly divided in two historical phases. Initially, after the seminal contributions, additional work aimed to extend the investigation to new pollutants and to verify the existence of an inverted-U shape as well as assessing the value of the turning point. The following phase focused instead on the robustness of the empirical relationship, particularly with respect to the omission of relevant explanatory variables other than GDP, alternative datasets, functional …