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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Tracing Evolution Of Gene Transfer Agents Using Comparative Genomics, Roman Kogay
Tracing Evolution Of Gene Transfer Agents Using Comparative Genomics, Roman Kogay
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
The accumulating evidence suggest that viruses and their components can be domesticated by their hosts, equipping them with convenient molecular toolkits for various functions. One of such domesticated system is Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs) that are produced by some bacteria and archaea. GTAs morphologically resemble small phage-like particles and contain random fragments of their host genome. They are produced only by a small fraction of the microbial population and are released through a lysis of the host cell. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that GTAs are especially abundant in the taxonomic class of Alphaproteobacteria, where they are vertically inherited and evolve …
Causes And Consequences Of Lasr Mutant Selection In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Populations, Dallas L. Mould
Causes And Consequences Of Lasr Mutant Selection In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Populations, Dallas L. Mould
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Change is the only constant in life, and these changes, though random in nature, can have consequences. Quorum sensing is heterogeneous in phenotype and prone to negative selection. In P. aeruginosa, the regulator LasR is frequently non-functional in phylogenetically diverse isolates. Through repeated experimental evolution and mathematical modeling, we show that differences in growth enable lasR mutant evolutionary success and this requires a system enabling metabolic choices, known as carbon catabolite repression (or catabolite repression). The differences in catabolite repression between wild type and lasR mutants enable altered metabolite preferences, and the resulting differences in metabolic states enable intraspecies …
Airborne Sound And Substrate-Borne Vibration In Orthopteran Communication, Ciara E. Kernan
Airborne Sound And Substrate-Borne Vibration In Orthopteran Communication, Ciara E. Kernan
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
The challenge of attracting and locating potential mates has driven the evolution of diverse mate-finding signaling systems. These systems can be complex, with multiple signals or signal components spread across different sensory modalities. When multiple modalities are combined in one communication system, features of each can be important to individual fitness; over evolutionary time, these can shape investment in different parts of a signal repertoire. One group of animals that commonly uses multiple signal modalities is Orthoptera. Cricket and katydid species within this order often produce airborne sound calls to advertise to potential mates. Many also produce substrate-borne vibrational signals. …
Identifying Spatial Heterogeneity In And Potential Biological Consequences Of River Thermal Environments, Keith Jeffrey Fritschie
Identifying Spatial Heterogeneity In And Potential Biological Consequences Of River Thermal Environments, Keith Jeffrey Fritschie
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Temperature is a nearly ubiquitous driver of ecological and evolutionary processes, especially for organisms whose body temperature changes with the environment. The overarching biological importance of environmental temperature and increased availability of temperature datasets have led to its inclusion in spatially continuous models of species’ performance, abundance, and distribution. However, variation in both environmental temperature and animal behavior at finer scales than captured by these models may reduce the accuracy of their scientific conclusions and conservation recommendations. Here I contribute to an improved understanding of thermal variability in river systems and its potential biological consequences for an iconic coldwater species, …
Visual Ecology: Sensing The Social World, Elliott P. Steele
Visual Ecology: Sensing The Social World, Elliott P. Steele
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Social animals, and even solitary animals, must at different points in their life actively search for and locate conspecifics within their environment, using one or multiple senses. One sense in particular, vision, can provide some of the most spatially detailed and temporally rapid information about the environment. Yet, the surrounding environment can also severely challenge animals’ abilities to find fellow conspecifics. Furthermore, once an animal successfully locates conspecifics, it must then make key decisions about when and where to enter group formations, decisions which may strongly impact their access to socially-acquired resources. Even after an animal has positioned itself within …
Ecology And Evolution Of Social Information Use, Clare T. M. Doherty
Ecology And Evolution Of Social Information Use, Clare T. M. Doherty
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Sociality is a strategy many animals employ to cope with their environments, enabling them to survive and reproduce more successfully than would otherwise be possible. When navigating their environments and making decisions, social individuals often use information provided by conspecifics (in the form of social cues and signals), thereby increasing the scope and reliability of the information they can gather. However, social information use may be influenced by many factors, including key differences in context across the physical and social environment. My thesis asks and answers a series of questions regarding the trade-offs in social information use across different contexts, …