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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dissociation Of The Hepatic Phenotype From Hnf4 And Hnf1x Expression, Gary A. Bulla, David M. Kraus
Dissociation Of The Hepatic Phenotype From Hnf4 And Hnf1x Expression, Gary A. Bulla, David M. Kraus
Gary A. Bulla
Dedifferentiated cells have served as tools to understand the molecular consequences of the loss of tissue-specific pathways. Here we report the characterization of one of these cell lines, M29, which lacks the liver-enriched HNF4-HNF1x pathway, in order to determine if this class of variant cell lines could provide additional information regarding requirements for tissue-type expression. We report that although the liver-specific x1-antitrypsin (a1AT) gene remains silent despite reactivation of the HNF4/HNF1x pathway in the M29 cells, the frequency of activation of an integrated x1AT-APRT transgene is increased 1000-fold in response to these transcription factors. The human x1AT locus (introduced via …
Biomimetic Actuators: Where Technology And Cell Biology Merge [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Biomimetic Actuators: Where Technology And Cell Biology Merge [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
Embryonic Expression Of Pre-Initiation Dna Replication Factors In Xenopus Laevis, Brian Walter, Jonathan Henry
Embryonic Expression Of Pre-Initiation Dna Replication Factors In Xenopus Laevis, Brian Walter, Jonathan Henry
Brian Walter
We examined the expression of various DNA replication factors, including: cdc45, the factors of the GINS heterotetramer (Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, Psf3), and PCNA, in Xenopus laevis during embryonic development via whole mount in situ hybridization. For the most part, these factors were expressed in similar patterns, with some subtle variations, throughout development within the anterior CNS, pharyngeal arches, and various placodes. More significant variations were also observed, including expression of only Psf1 and Psf2 in the pronephros and unique Psf2 expression in the somitic mesoderm. Overall, these results suggest that common regulatory mechanisms are involved in the transcriptional deployment of …
The Functions Of Animal Micrornas., Victor Ambros
The Functions Of Animal Micrornas., Victor Ambros
Victor R. Ambros
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate the expression of complementary messenger RNAs. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse animals, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved. With miRNA roles identified in developmental timing, cell death, cell proliferation, haematopoiesis and patterning of the nervous system, evidence is mounting that animal miRNAs are more numerous, and their regulatory impact more pervasive, than was previously suspected.
Growth Rate Gradients And Extracellular Ph In Roots: How To Control An Explosion, Winfried S. Peters
Growth Rate Gradients And Extracellular Ph In Roots: How To Control An Explosion, Winfried S. Peters
Winfried S. Peters
Food Based Approaches For A Healthy Nutrition In Africa, Mamoudou Hama Dicko
Food Based Approaches For A Healthy Nutrition In Africa, Mamoudou Hama Dicko
Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD
The latest estimates of the FAO demonstrate the problems of the fight against hunger. These problems are manifested by the ever-increasing number of chronically undernourished people worldwide. Their numbers during the 1999-2001 period were estimated at about 840 million of which 798 million live in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa alone represented 198 million of those. In this part of Africa the prevalence of undernourishment ranges from 5-34%, causing growth retardation and insufficient weight gain among one third of the children under five years of age and resulting in a mortality of 5-15% among these children. Malnutrition resulting from undernourishment is …
The C. Elegans Heterochronic Gene Lin-46 Affects Developmental Timing At Two Larval Stages And Encodes A Relative Of The Scaffolding Protein Gephyrin., Anita Pepper, Jill Mccane, Kevin Kemper, Denise Yeung, Rosalind Lee, Victor Ambros, Eric Moss
The C. Elegans Heterochronic Gene Lin-46 Affects Developmental Timing At Two Larval Stages And Encodes A Relative Of The Scaffolding Protein Gephyrin., Anita Pepper, Jill Mccane, Kevin Kemper, Denise Yeung, Rosalind Lee, Victor Ambros, Eric Moss
Victor R. Ambros
The succession of developmental events in the C. elegans larva is governed by the heterochronic genes. When mutated, these genes cause either precocious or retarded developmental phenotypes, in which stage-specific patterns of cell division and differentiation are either skipped or reiterated, respectively. We identified a new heterochronic gene, lin-46, from mutations that suppress the precocious phenotypes caused by mutations in the heterochronic genes lin-14 and lin-28. lin-46 mutants on their own display retarded phenotypes in which cell division patterns are reiterated and differentiation is prevented in certain cell lineages. Our analysis indicates that lin-46 acts at a step immediately downstream …
Forisomes, A Novel Type Of Ca2+-Dependent Contractile Protein Motor [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Forisomes, A Novel Type Of Ca2+-Dependent Contractile Protein Motor [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters
Winfried S. Peters
Molecular Profiling: Gene Expression Reveals Discrete Phases Of Lens Induction And Development In Xenopus Laevis, Brian Walter, Yimin Tian, Amy Garlisch, Maria Carinato, Matthew Elkins, Adam Wolfe, Jonathan Schaefer, Kimberly Perry, Jonathan Henry
Molecular Profiling: Gene Expression Reveals Discrete Phases Of Lens Induction And Development In Xenopus Laevis, Brian Walter, Yimin Tian, Amy Garlisch, Maria Carinato, Matthew Elkins, Adam Wolfe, Jonathan Schaefer, Kimberly Perry, Jonathan Henry
Brian Walter
No abstract provided.
Using Math In Cell Biology How Do Calcium Channels Work?, Borbala Mazzag
Using Math In Cell Biology How Do Calcium Channels Work?, Borbala Mazzag
Borbala Mazzag
No abstract provided.
Expression Profiling Of Mammalian Micrornas Uncovers A Subset Of Brain-Expressed Micrornas With Possible Roles In Murine And Human Neuronal Differentiation., Lorenzo F. Sempere, Sarah Freemantle, Ian Pitha-Rowe, Eric Moss, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Victor R. Ambros
Expression Profiling Of Mammalian Micrornas Uncovers A Subset Of Brain-Expressed Micrornas With Possible Roles In Murine And Human Neuronal Differentiation., Lorenzo F. Sempere, Sarah Freemantle, Ian Pitha-Rowe, Eric Moss, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Victor R. Ambros
Victor R. Ambros
Background The microRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of small noncoding RNAs (18 to 25 nucleotides) with probable roles in the regulation of gene expression. In Caenorhabditis elegans, lin-4 and let-7 miRNAs control the timing of fate specification of neuronal and hypodermal cells during larval development. lin-4, let-7 and other miRNA genes are conserved in mammals, and their potential functions in mammalian development are under active study. Results In order to identify mammalian miRNAs that might function in development, we characterized the expression of 119 previously reported miRNAs in adult organs from mouse and human using northern blot analysis. Of …
A Short History Of A Short Rna, Victor Ambros, Rosalind Lee, Rhonda Feinbaum
A Short History Of A Short Rna, Victor Ambros, Rosalind Lee, Rhonda Feinbaum
Victor R. Ambros
Comment on: The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. [Cell. 1993]
Immunity Regulatory Dnas Share Common Organizational Features In Drosophila, Kate Senger, Grant W. Armstrong, William J. Rowell, Jennifer M. Kwan, Michele Markstein, Michael Levine
Immunity Regulatory Dnas Share Common Organizational Features In Drosophila, Kate Senger, Grant W. Armstrong, William J. Rowell, Jennifer M. Kwan, Michele Markstein, Michael Levine
Michele Markstein
Infection results in the rapid activation of immunity genes in the Drosophila fat body. Two classes of transcription factors have been implicated in this process: the REL-containing proteins, Dorsal, Dif, and Relish, and the GATA factor Serpent. Here we present evidence that REL-GATA synergy plays a pervasive role in the immune response. SELEX assays identified consensus binding sites that permitted the characterization of several immunity regulatory DNAs. The distribution of REL and GATA sites within these DNAs suggests that most or all fat-specific immunity genes contain a common organization of regulatory elements: closely linked REL and GATA binding sites positioned …
Applications Of Transposable Elements In Fish For Transgenesis And Functional Genomics, Perry B. Hackett, Karl J. Clark, Stephen C. Ekker, Jeffrey J. Essner
Applications Of Transposable Elements In Fish For Transgenesis And Functional Genomics, Perry B. Hackett, Karl J. Clark, Stephen C. Ekker, Jeffrey J. Essner
Jeffrey J. Essner
Transgenic fish were first made more than 30 years ago. Since then a variety of methods and const ructs have been tested for introducing genetic sequences into fish for scientitlc investigations as well as commercial purposes. Here we review transposable clements and t heir applications in fish. Transposons can be used to deliver genes to chromosomes to confer new traits or as insertional agents and traps to uncover the functions and expression patterns of natural genes in chromosomes. Two DNA transposons have been characterized for transposon-based gene transfer and insertional mutagenesis. The t1rst is d1e Sleeping Beauty transposon system that …
Identification Of Micrornas And Other Tiny Noncoding Rnas By Cdna Cloning, Victor Ambros, Rosalind Lee
Identification Of Micrornas And Other Tiny Noncoding Rnas By Cdna Cloning, Victor Ambros, Rosalind Lee
Victor R. Ambros
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs can be identified by cloning and sequencing cDNAs prepared from the ∼22-nt fraction of total RNA. Methods are described for the construction of cDNA libraries from small noncoding RNAs through the use of T4 RNA ligase, reverse transcriptase, and polymerase chain reaction. cDNAs are cloned in λ or plasmid vectors, and the sequences are compared to annotated genomic sequence databases, and analyzed by RNA folding programs to distinguish miRNA sequences from other small RNAs of similar size. Northern blot hybridization is used to confirm the expression of small RNAs in vivo.