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- Behavior (2)
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- Disproportionate micromelia (Dmm) (1)
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- Limb development (1)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Effects Of Excess Corticosterone On Lkb1 And Ampk Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Of Rats, Gary N. Nakken
The Effects Of Excess Corticosterone On Lkb1 And Ampk Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Of Rats, Gary N. Nakken
Theses and Dissertations
Cushing's syndrome and glucocorticoid therapy lead to central obesity, insulin resistance, and symptoms of altered energy regulation similar to those observed in the metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that excess glucocorticoids alter energy sensing/signaling in skeletal muscle through mediation of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. To test this hypothesis, three 100 mg pellets of corticosterone were implanted subcutaneously in each of nine rats for two weeks. Responses were compared with sham operated controls fed ad libitum or food restricted to produce the body weights similar to the treatment group rats. After the treatment period, animals were anesthetized and the right gastrocnemius-plantaris and …
Timing Of Supplementation Of Selenium And Isoflavones Determines Prostate Cancer Risk Factor Reduction In Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Jessica R. Tolman, Edwin D. Lephart, Dennis L. Eggett, Kenneth Setchell
Timing Of Supplementation Of Selenium And Isoflavones Determines Prostate Cancer Risk Factor Reduction In Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Jessica R. Tolman, Edwin D. Lephart, Dennis L. Eggett, Kenneth Setchell
Faculty Publications
High dietary intake of selenium or isoflavones reduces risk factors for prostate cancer. We tested whether combined supplementation of these two dietary components would reduce prostate cancer risk factors in rats more than supplementation of each component individually. Methods Male Noble rat pups were exposed from conception to diets containing an adequate (0.33-0.45 mg/kg diet) or high (3.33-3.45 mg/kg) concentration of selenium as Se-methylselenocysteine and a low (10 mg/kg) or high (600 mg/kg) level of isoflavones in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Pups consumed their respective diets until sacrifice at 35, 100, or 200 days. Male Noble rat breeders, …
Determining The Role Of Wnt5a Signaling In Embryonic Limb Outgrowth Via Clonal Analysis, Whitney Herrod Sowby
Determining The Role Of Wnt5a Signaling In Embryonic Limb Outgrowth Via Clonal Analysis, Whitney Herrod Sowby
Theses and Dissertations
The exact mechanisms that regulate limb outgrowth the mouse embryo are unknown. Although there are several models, we favor a hypothesis where cells become polarized by signals secreted from the AER which orient their cell migration and/or divisions causing limb outgrowth. Clonal analysis has provided a mechanism to study cell behavior. We have generated a targeting construct containing the Fgf8 inhibitor, Sprouty2, in order to generate mutant clones for behavioral analyses in the limb. In order to more effectively study clonal behavior we report the modification of a novel clonal analysis approach, exo-utero surgery. We have modified, enhanced and proven …
Wnt5a Signaling Independently Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Resulting In Convergent Extension And Neural Tube Closure During Vertebrate Development, Jared James Barrott
Wnt5a Signaling Independently Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Resulting In Convergent Extension And Neural Tube Closure During Vertebrate Development, Jared James Barrott
Theses and Dissertations
Vertebrate development is regulated by cellular communication by mechanisms of cell fate and cell behavior. These crucial mechanisms are regulated by cellular signaling and in the case of cell fate, cellular signaling results in transcription of developmentally important genes. Communication between cells can also result in regulation of cell behavior by acting on cytoskeletal elements rather than nuclear factors. One of the cellular signals that regulate both cell fate and cell behavior is the family of Wnt signaling molecules. Wnt5a is one of 19 Wnt molecules and has been previously demonstrated to play critical roles in many important processes in …
Cellular And Matrix Changes In Articular Cartilage Of The Disproportionate Micromelia Mouse Model Of Osteoarthritis, Crystal Noelle Smaldone
Cellular And Matrix Changes In Articular Cartilage Of The Disproportionate Micromelia Mouse Model Of Osteoarthritis, Crystal Noelle Smaldone
Theses and Dissertations
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects more than 60% of Americans 65 and older. Because human subjects and samples are not readily available for research, animal models are an invaluable resource for the study of OA. Disproportionate micromelia (Dmm) is one such model that develops OA early in life due to a deletion in the c-propeptide of the Col2a1 gene. Light microscope analysis of the articular cartilage in Dmm has been completed, but is insufficient to show the cellular effects of the deletion mutation in Dmm in adequate detail. The present study explores the changes that occur …
Differential Expression And Functional Characterization Of Alpha3 Beta2 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, John Hideo Mizukawa
Differential Expression And Functional Characterization Of Alpha3 Beta2 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, John Hideo Mizukawa
Theses and Dissertations
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in both the periperhal and central nervous systems, and are involved in pre-, post-, and non-synaptic control of neuronal activation. In the brain, these receptors play an important role in a variety of physiological processes such as cognition, development, learning, and memory formation. Malfunction of these receptors have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. To date, 17 different nAChR subunits, including α2-α7 and β2-β4, have been cloned that can form homo- and/or hetero-pentameric ionotropic receptors. The unique combinations of subunit pentamers manifest in distinct functional receptors. …
Investigating And Modeling Possible Mechanisms By Which Healthy Cell Membranes Become Resistant To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2, Jennifer Nelson
Investigating And Modeling Possible Mechanisms By Which Healthy Cell Membranes Become Resistant To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2, Jennifer Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) behaves differently toward the membranes of healthy cells compared to those of damaged or dying cells. The enzyme catalyzes rapid and sustained hydrolysis of compromised cells consistent with a simple catalytic mechanism. In contrast, when healthy cells are incubated with sPLA2, they become resistant to hydrolytic attack as manifest by three unusual observations: First, hydrolysis is transient and represents only a small fraction of the total membrane phospholipid content. Second, subsequent addition of sPLA2 fails to generate additional product. Third, the apparent potency of the enzyme to cause the membrane to be refractory is much greater …
A Comparative Analysis Of Hydrolysis Kinetics By Spla2 Isoforms During Apoptosis In S49 Cells, Erin Dalene Olson
A Comparative Analysis Of Hydrolysis Kinetics By Spla2 Isoforms During Apoptosis In S49 Cells, Erin Dalene Olson
Theses and Dissertations
Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) represents a diverse class of roughly 20 enzymes, 12 of which have been identified in humans. These isoforms can be distinguished based on their tissue distribution, structure, and regulation. These differences in structure between the isoforms lead to the question does the enzyme's ability to respond to physical changes in the membrane during apoptosis governed by structure. S49 cell apoptosis was initiated by treatment with either the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (6–48 h) or with the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. The rates of hydrolysis were compared with each treatment condition for various concentrations of snake venom and human groups …
The Effects Of A Resveratrol Derivative On Regulatory Behaviors And Reproductive Health In Male And Female Long-Evans Rats, Kimberly Michelle Fabick
The Effects Of A Resveratrol Derivative On Regulatory Behaviors And Reproductive Health In Male And Female Long-Evans Rats, Kimberly Michelle Fabick
Theses and Dissertations
Phytoestrogens are chemicals produced by plants that act like estrogens and have the ability to bind to the mammalian estrogen receptor system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new phytoestrogen analog called 4-acetoxy Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen that has been found in the skin of grapes. Resveratrol has been shown to be able to bind to the estrogen receptors and has a similar molecular structure as estradiol. Resveratrol has been shown to have many positive health benefits such as improving cardiovascular health, serving as a neuroprotective agent, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, working as an anti-cancer …
Mechanisms By Which Apoptotic Membranes Become Susceptible To Secretory Phospholipase A2, Rachel Williams Bailey
Mechanisms By Which Apoptotic Membranes Become Susceptible To Secretory Phospholipase A2, Rachel Williams Bailey
Theses and Dissertations
During apoptosis, changes occur in T-lymphocyte membranes that render them susceptible to hydrolysis by secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). To study the relevant mechanisms, a simplified model of apoptosis using a calcium ionophore was first applied. Kinetic and flow cytometry experiments provided key observations regarding ionophore treatment: initial hydrolysis rate was elevated, total reaction product was increased four-fold, and adsorption of the enzyme to the membrane surface was unaltered. Analysis of these results suggested that susceptibility during calcium-induced apoptosis is limited by substrate availability rather than enzyme adsorption. Fluorescence experiments identified three membrane alterations that might affect substrate access to the …
The Effects Of Prenatally Administered Phytoestrogens On The Reproductive And Behavioral Development Of Long-Evans Rats, Crystal Blake
The Effects Of Prenatally Administered Phytoestrogens On The Reproductive And Behavioral Development Of Long-Evans Rats, Crystal Blake
Theses and Dissertations
Equol is known to be a selective androgen modulator and has the ability to bind and inhibit 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Equol is also a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is able to bind beta estrogen receptors with high affinity. As estrogen receptors are found in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads, prenatally administered equol could affect the morphological and reproductive development of offspring. To test this hypothesis, during gestational days 14 to 20, forty-two pregnant Long-Evans rats were given one of six treatments: 1) no treatment, 2) injection with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3) injection with 10 mg/kg equol, 4) injection with …