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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Masters Theses
In mammals, calcium influx is required for oocyte maturation and egg activation, as it supports the persistent calcium oscillations induced by fertilization. These oscillations are required for the initiation of embryo development. The molecular identities of the plasma membrane calcium-permeant channels that underlie calcium influx are not established. Among these channels, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid, member 3 (TRPV3) allows divalent cations, namely strontium (Sr2+) and calcium (Ca2+) with high permeability, into cells, and its expression pattern seems to predict an essential role in the initiation of development. Another channel that was identified to be expressed in …
Dissecting Molecular Pathways That Ensure Proper Chromosome Segregation And Cell Division, Anna Ye
Dissecting Molecular Pathways That Ensure Proper Chromosome Segregation And Cell Division, Anna Ye
Doctoral Dissertations
Equal segregation of the genome is a prerequisite for cell survival. During cell division the duplicated DNA is compacted into chromosomes and a multi-protein macrostructure, known as the kinetochore (Kt), is assembled on each copy of compacted DNA. Simultaneously, the mitotic spindle, which is made up of microtubules (MTs), is built to facilitate the equal distribution of the chromosomes between the resulting daughter cells. Kinetochores mediate the interaction between the MTs and the chromosomes, properly positioning them for segregation. To ensure that the DNA is equally divided in every cell division, cells have built a surveillance system to detect any …
Protein-Nanoparticle Co-Engineering: Self-Assembly, Intracellular Protein Delivery, And Crispr/Cas9-Based Gene Editing, Rubul Mout
Doctoral Dissertations
Direct cytoplasmic delivery of gene editing nucleases such CRISPR/Cas9 systems and therapeutic proteins provides enormous opportunities in curing human genetic diseases, and assist research in basic cell biology. One approach to attain such a goal is through engineering nanotechnological tools to mimic naturally existing intra- and extracellular protein delivery/transport systems. Nature builds transport systems for proteins and other biomolecules through evolution-derived sophisticated molecular engineering. Inspired by such natural assemblies, I employed molecular engineering approaches to fabricate self-assembled nanostructures to use as intracellular protein delivery tools. Briefly, proteins and gold nanoparticles were co-engineered to carry complementary electrostatic recognition elements. When these …
Regulated Proteolysis Of Dnaa Coordinates Cell Growth With Stress Signals In Caulobacter Crescentus, Jing Liu
Regulated Proteolysis Of Dnaa Coordinates Cell Growth With Stress Signals In Caulobacter Crescentus, Jing Liu
Doctoral Dissertations
DNA replication is an essential process in all domains of life. Replication must be precisely regulated, especially at the step of initiation. In bacteria, the replication initiator DnaA is regulated by multiple post-translational regulations to ensure timely replication. Caulobacter crescentus has the most strict replication regulation that DNA only replicates once per cell cycle, and proteolysis of DnaA identified in this species is the only irreversible way to inhibit DnaA, suggesting it might be pivotal to restricting DNA replication. However, the responsible protease(s) and mechanism for its degradation remain unclear since its first discovery in 2005. In this thesis, I …
Partial Craniofacial Cartilage Rescue In Ace/Fgf8 Mutants From Compensatory Signaling From The Ventricle Of Danio Rerio, Douglas A. Calenda Ii
Partial Craniofacial Cartilage Rescue In Ace/Fgf8 Mutants From Compensatory Signaling From The Ventricle Of Danio Rerio, Douglas A. Calenda Ii
Masters Theses
Examples of asymmetric organs are found throughout the animal kingdom. Whether it is superficial like the fiddler crab’s claw or within an organism like our visceral organs, asymmetries have repeatedly evolved in nature. However, the genetic and developmental origins for asymmetric organ development remain unclear, especially for superficially paired structures. Within zebrafish, a striking example of asymmetry occurs within the ace/fgf8 mutant. The pharyngeal cartilages of these mutants develop asymmetrically 35% of the time, with more cartilages developing on the left or right side of the head, but the origins of this asymmetry are unknown. A significant proportion of mutants …
Methylglyoxal Influences Development Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Via Heterochronic Pathway, Jiaying Wang
Methylglyoxal Influences Development Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Via Heterochronic Pathway, Jiaying Wang
Masters Theses
Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, which is widely distributed in food products and beverages, and is particularly high in Manuka honey. In addition to its antibacterial effects, methylglyoxal is also known as a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), that produces altered macromolecules (such as proteins and DNA), leading to abnormal physiological changes. However, the effects of methylglyoxal on development is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of methylglyoxal in this aspect using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Treatment of methylglyoxal at 0.1 mM and 1 mM for 48 h significantly inhibited …
The Effect Of Pericyte Cell Therapy On Postischemic Neovascularization In Wild Type And Type 2 Diabetic Mice, Katherine E. Hayes
The Effect Of Pericyte Cell Therapy On Postischemic Neovascularization In Wild Type And Type 2 Diabetic Mice, Katherine E. Hayes
Doctoral Dissertations
Peripheral artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease that causes limb ischemia and has few effective treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment option, but concomitant diabetes may limit its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of skeletal muscle pericytes to augment postischemic neovascularization following the induction of limb ischemia in wild type and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. The hypothesis was that diabetes impairs the ability of skeletal muscle pericytes to augment postischemic neovascularization and differentiate in vivo. Pericytes were isolated via fluorescence activated cell sorting for CD45-CD34-CD146 …
The Key Question In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: How Does Host Maintain A Bacterial Symbiont?, Onur Oztas
The Key Question In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: How Does Host Maintain A Bacterial Symbiont?, Onur Oztas
Doctoral Dissertations
The fact that plants cannot use nitrogen in the gaseous form makes them dependent on the levels of usable nitrogen forms in the soil. Legumes overcome nitrogen limitation by entering a symbiotic association with rhizobia, soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable ammonia. In root nodules, bacteria are internalized by host plant cells inside an intracellular compartment called the symbiosome where they morphologically differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms by symbiosome-secreted host proteins. In this project, I explained the host proteins required to maintain bacterial symbionts and described their delivery to the symbiosome. I showed that the SYNTAXIN 132 (SYP132) gene …
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild Tomato Species During Fruit Development, Altynay Zhanayeva
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild Tomato Species During Fruit Development, Altynay Zhanayeva
Masters Theses
Fleshy fruits in different species can display large variation in color. A link between fruit color and seed dispersal success is suggested by previous studies showing that high intensity of fruit color increases the visitation rate in seed-dispersing birds. Wild tomato species (Solanum spp.) are excellent model organisms for research on genetic basis of differential fruit color development during the ripening process. Despite polymorphism in fruit color, all tomato species have yellow flowers due to accumulation of carotenoid pigments, which suggests that the carotenoid pathway is intact. Thus, regulatory changes controlling enzymes activity during fruit maturation are likely …
An Adult Zebrafish Brain Atlas To Investigate Shh Mediated Cell-Cell Signaling In Neurogenic Zones, Alyssa P. Lutservitz
An Adult Zebrafish Brain Atlas To Investigate Shh Mediated Cell-Cell Signaling In Neurogenic Zones, Alyssa P. Lutservitz
Masters Theses
Adult neurogenesis occurs in proliferative zones of the brain that contain neural progenitor cell populations capable of differentiating into specific cell types. However, we remain limited in our understanding of the signals that regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in adults. Recently zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms behind adult neurogenesis, because sixteen proliferative zones remain active in the adult brains. Thousands of fluorescent transgenic reporter lines have been generated in zebrafish that reveal gene expression patterns of cell-cell signaling systems, some of which may regulate neurogenesis in these …
The Far C-Terminus Of Tpx2 Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Brett Estes
The Far C-Terminus Of Tpx2 Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Brett Estes
Masters Theses
A cell must build a bipolar mitotic spindle in order to faithfully segregate replicated DNA. To do so, multiple microtubule nucleation pathways are utilized to generate the robust spindle apparatus. TPX2, a microtubule binding protein, holds crucial roles in both the Ran-dependent and Augmin-dependent pathways where microtubules are nucleated near the chromosomes and from pre-existing microtubules. However, the exact role TPX2 plays in branching microtubules is less understood. Here, we explored the effect of truncating the essential TPX2 C-terminal 37 amino acids on Augmin localization and branching microtubule activity. First, we depleted LLC-Pk1 cells of the Augmin subunit HAUS6 and …
Thiol-Ene Chemistry As An Enabler Of New Polymer Structures And Architectures, Joel M. Sarapas
Thiol-Ene Chemistry As An Enabler Of New Polymer Structures And Architectures, Joel M. Sarapas
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on two distinct projects: the synthesis and design of novel cell penetrating peptides mimics (CPPMs), and the implementation of the thiol-ene click reaction to generate new polymer architectures and chemistries. Guanidinium-rich CPPMs were generated through both ROMP and RAFT polymerizations, allowing for a comparison to be made across polymer backbone chemistries with respect to both siRNA and protein cellular internalization. A particularly effective methacrylate derived block copolymer was able to deliver siRNA to nearly an entire Jurkat T cell population. The thiol-ene reaction was implemented initially within the context of improving material design for solid polymer electrolytes …