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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Daphnia Pulex: The Mixed Messages Of Mutations , Matthew Randall Bruner
Daphnia Pulex: The Mixed Messages Of Mutations , Matthew Randall Bruner
Theses and Dissertations
While mutations are almost universally considered to be more often deleterious than beneficial, their precise interactions between different populations and individual lines have been largely overlooked. Using mutation accumulation lines of four clones of obligately asexual Daphnia pulex, this research is intended to investigate the degree to which spontaneous mutation would affect fitness-related traits after roughly 100 generations. The expectation was that there would be a visible decrease in juvenile specific growth rate, the surrogate measurement used for fitness, across all four clones due to the deleterious nature of mutation in a selection free environment. Through measuring birth mass in …
Human Cst (Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1) Promotes Topbp1 Stability And Chk1 Phosphorylation In Response To Telomere Dysfunction And Global Replication Stress, Stephanie Michelle Ackerson
Human Cst (Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1) Promotes Topbp1 Stability And Chk1 Phosphorylation In Response To Telomere Dysfunction And Global Replication Stress, Stephanie Michelle Ackerson
Theses and Dissertations
Genomic DNA is constantly damaged by both internal and external genotoxins and cellular processes. A consequence of unrepaired or misrepaired DNA damage is genome instability, a hallmark of cancer and numerous other diseases. Eukaryotic cells have developed complex mechanisms to repair DNA damage, which is collectively referred to as a DNA damage response (DDR). CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like protein complex that binds to single stranded (ss)DNA. In humans, CST functions in the replication and maintenance of telomeres, structures found at the ends of linear chromosomes, as well as non-telomeric DNA. Previous studies showed that deletion of the largest …
Genetic And Epigenetic Regulations Of Eds1-Mediated Plant Immunity And Identification Of Bacterial Type Iii Effectors Targeting De Novo Dna Methyltransferase Drm2 In Arabidopsis, Ming Zhao
Theses and Dissertations
In Arabidopsis thaliana, Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 (EDS1) acts as an indispensable hub in plant immunity and is mainly responsible for plant basal defense, systemic acquired resistance (SAR), increase of endogenous content of salicylic acid (SA) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Epigenetic regulators play crucial roles in multiple important cellular processes. As one catalytic core of Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2), CURLY LEAF (CLF/SDG1) protein promotes H3K27me3 deposition at specific loci for genes repression. In this work, I found that EDS1 interacted with epigenetic regulators SDG1, SDG9, SDG15, SDG22 and SDG35 in yeast two-hybrid assays. The growth of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas …
Characterizing The Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of The Cannonball Jellyfish (Stomolophus Meleagris) In The South Atlantic Bight, Lauren G. Faulk
Characterizing The Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of The Cannonball Jellyfish (Stomolophus Meleagris) In The South Atlantic Bight, Lauren G. Faulk
Theses and Dissertations
The cannonball jellyfish, Stomolophus meleagris, is commercially harvested throughout its range in the tropical and sub-tropical Americas, including in the South Atlantic Bight, where an estimated 4,000 tons (less than 2.4% of the estimated stock in South Carolina during the spring) are harvested annually. Like many Scyphozoan jellyfish, cannonball jellies have high interannual variability and little is known about the environmental drivers of their distribution and phenology. To better understand the ecology of this targeted species, we used fisheries-independent abundance data of cannonball jellyfish from 2001 to 2019 collected by the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) throughout the …
The Development Of A Tractable System To Assess Caulobacter-Plant Interactions, Louis Berrios
The Development Of A Tractable System To Assess Caulobacter-Plant Interactions, Louis Berrios
Theses and Dissertations
Bacteria play an integral role in regulating plant growth and development. However, many of the mechanisms encompassing bacteria-plant interactions are poorly understood and thus require detailed assessments (see CHAPTER 1). To this end, I coupled bacterial (Caulobacter sp.) and plant model organisms (Arabidopsis) to determine 1) the degree to which select bacteria can enhance the growth and development of plants, and 2) what functions these bacteria possess that enable them to aid plant development. Employing bacterial isolation techniques, monoculture inoculum-based plant growth assays, biochemical assays, comparative genomics, functional genetics, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), I determined that …
Trans-Axonal Signaling And Activity-Dependent Mechanisms Of Topographic Mapping And Refinement In Vivo, Olivia Marie Spead
Trans-Axonal Signaling And Activity-Dependent Mechanisms Of Topographic Mapping And Refinement In Vivo, Olivia Marie Spead
Theses and Dissertations
Brain connectivity and function depend on the precise formation of neuronal connections during development. In the central nervous system, most axonal projections are organized into topographic maps according to the spatial organization of the neurons they originate from or the type of stimulus they respond to. Topographic mapping is in large part established by interactions between axons and their target as well as by activity-dependent pruning of mistargeted or excessive arbors. Another important mechanism contributing to topographic map formation is pre-target axon sorting, where axons become pre-ordered en route to their destination. Both topographic mapping and pre-target sorting involve the …
Plasmids Bring Novel Functions To Caulobacter Genomes, Taylor Howell Carter
Plasmids Bring Novel Functions To Caulobacter Genomes, Taylor Howell Carter
Theses and Dissertations
Caulobacter is a well-studied bacterial genus, but little is known about the plasmids that are found in some wild Caulobacter isolates. I identified nine plasmids from seven different Caulobacter strains and grouped them based on their size and the similarity of their repABC, parAB, and mobAB genes. Protein pathway analysis of the genes on the K31p1, and K31p2 plasmids showed many metabolic pathways that would enhance the metabolic versatility of the host strain. In contrast, the CB4 plasmid contained 21 heavy metal resistance genes organized into 9 operons. The majority of the CB4 heavy metal resistance genes code for …
Applications And Mechanisms Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy For Age Estimation In Otoliths Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus, Michelle S. Passerotti
Applications And Mechanisms Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy For Age Estimation In Otoliths Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus, Michelle S. Passerotti
Theses and Dissertations
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a light spectroscopy method useful for non-invasively discriminating and quantifying chemical composition of a wide variety of substances. Recently-developed applications of NIRS to fish age estimation across a range of taxa have sparked intense interest in exploring the feasibility of its use for rapid age estimation in fisheries population management. In this pursuit, development of species-specific calibration models relating traditionally-derived age estimates (i.e., those estimated from growth band counts) to NIR spectral signatures from ageing structures is required to derive predictive models that can then estimate age from rapid scans of whole ageing structures alone. …
Resrouce Allocation And Visual Communication In Lepidoptera, Linda Nicole Fipps
Resrouce Allocation And Visual Communication In Lepidoptera, Linda Nicole Fipps
Theses and Dissertations
Visual signals in the form of wing color, size, shape, pattern, and UV reflectance play an important role in the mating and reproductive strategies of diurnal butterflies. Wing-based visual signals are linked to different functions and can be acted on by a variety of selective pressures. In a comprehensive look at the literature on the visual communication strategies of lepidopteran species, I look at how visual signals, most notably color, are used, generated, and perceived. I discuss the costs and benefits of those strategies for the fitness of butterflies and moths and look at lepidopteran visual communication through the lens …
Exploring Effects Of Sample Storage, Preparation, And Tissue Type On Fourier Transform-Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-Nirs) Ageing Across Fish Taxa, Keith Fuller
Theses and Dissertations
The accurate determination of age for fish is a vital part of both populationmanagement and ichthyological research. However, the methods which are primarily employed to age fish can be difficult, time consuming, inaccurate, or some combination thereof. Most ageing is currently done via hard parts (such as otoliths, vertebrae, or scales) which are read in a manner similar to tree rings with markings corresponding to known or presumed periods of time. Recently, Fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) has been investigated as a novel tool to age fish more quickly and objectively. This method works by recording the vibrational frequencies of …
Investigating The Dynamic Interactions Of Rapidly Growing Precocial Shorebird Chicks, Luke R. Wilde
Investigating The Dynamic Interactions Of Rapidly Growing Precocial Shorebird Chicks, Luke R. Wilde
Theses and Dissertations
Organisms in dynamic environments must continually reassess the cost-benefit trade-offs of their interactions and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Nevertheless, ecological research often takes a ‘snapshot’ approach to studying interactions across sample locations and timepoints. Investigating ecological interactions in this way can miss important information about the influence spatiotemporal context has on the scale and direction of their effects. Longitudinal studies that follow individuals can elucidate how changing contexts affect an individual’s ecology while deepening our understanding of adaptive behavior. However, determining how context influences the effect of an interaction requires it be measured across a range of spatiotemporal conditions. Studying …
Effect Of Oxidative Stress On Lifespan And Cellular Survival, Benedicth Onyeka Ukhueduan
Effect Of Oxidative Stress On Lifespan And Cellular Survival, Benedicth Onyeka Ukhueduan
Theses and Dissertations
When cells experience oxidative stress, the integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway is activated. One of the first outcomes of such ISR-activated response is to temporarily halt protein synthesis, which aids in cellular recovery. However, if cells cannot recover from the stress, they activate the cell death pathways which kills the affected cells, usually by apoptosis, which can then lead to either acquisition or prevention of diseases depending on the situation. In physiological aging, a compromised stress response is observed as an organism ages, which leads to disrupted homeostasis and elevated risk of disease. Thus, longevity of an organism is …