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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Mitochondrial Genome Structure And Double Strand Break Repair In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Sterling Ericsson Jul 2021

Mitochondrial Genome Structure And Double Strand Break Repair In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Sterling Ericsson

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The mitochondrial genomes of plants are known for their variability in size and arrangement, yet low mutation rates in coding sequences. These opposing characteristics have been suggested to be due to the stability of their DNA maintenance processes and the usage of a double strand break repair (DSBR) system. The components of this repair complex remain poorly understood and only a few of the involved enzymes have been identified, making direct analysis difficult. The flowering plant species Arabidopsis thaliana has been used as a model organism for genome modification and subsequent phenotypic and genotypic impacts. The aims of this research …


Studies Of The Dutpase Of The Western Corn Rootworm, Carlos Riera-Ruiz May 2021

Studies Of The Dutpase Of The Western Corn Rootworm, Carlos Riera-Ruiz

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is a major corn pest in the United States and Europe. WCR has developed resistance to multiple management strategies, including Cry proteins. Even though the biology and ecology have been thoroughly studied in WCR, their genome and molecular mechanisms are understudied. This work focuses on the ubiquitous enzyme deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) encoded by the DUT gene. dUTPase hydrolyzes dUTP into dUMP and pyrophosphate. It contributes to genome stability by keeping the uracil-to-thymine ratio at a certain level. In WCR, two dUTPase isoforms were predicted using transcriptome analyses. These two potential isoforms …


Characterization Of A Novel Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Gpd2) In The Alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Itzela A. Cruz Powell May 2021

Characterization Of A Novel Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Gpd2) In The Alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Itzela A. Cruz Powell

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, like many eukaryotic microalgae, accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) under certain environmental stresses, such as nitrogen deprivation. TAG is of interest because it is an essential precursor for biofuel production. Canonical glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases catalyze the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), a key precursor for glycerolipid and TAG synthesis in eukaryotes. The C. reinhardtii genome encodes six GPD homologs. Interestingly, GPD2 is a novel multidomain enzyme, consisting of a phosphatase motif fused to a G3P dehydrogenase domain. GPD2 expression is significantly up-regulated under nutrient deprivation or high salinity, coincidental with the accumulation of TAG or glycerol. Conversely, RNA-mediated …


Characterization Of Novel Chlorovirus Glycosyltransferases That Synthesize Atypical Glycans, Eric Noel Apr 2021

Characterization Of Novel Chlorovirus Glycosyltransferases That Synthesize Atypical Glycans, Eric Noel

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Giant dsDNA chloroviruses encode a diverse repertoire of glycosyltransferases (GTases) and methyltransferases (MTases) that biosynthesize unusual, methylated sugars independent of their host chlorella-like green algae prompting a reexamination of glycobiology systems. Unlike most other viruses, the prototype chlorovirus PBCV-1 encodes most, if not all, of the machinery required to glycosylate its major capsid protein (MCP). The structures of the four N-linked glycans do not resemble any other glycans in the three domains of life. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of chlorovirus- encoded putative GTases and MTases in glycosylation of the viral MCP. First, we aimed to generate site-directed …