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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Investigating Mycelial-Crop Residue Mat Application To Reduce Early-Colonizing Weeds In Row-Crop Agriculture, Donald T. Watson
Investigating Mycelial-Crop Residue Mat Application To Reduce Early-Colonizing Weeds In Row-Crop Agriculture, Donald T. Watson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Herbicide use within conventional agriculture has contributed to greatly increased crop yields since its widespread adoption, but environmental concerns regarding overuse and reliance on selective herbicides continue to mount. Using five fungal species and two crop residues in a factorial design, I created a novel slurry to control weeds through inhibition by the mycelial mat formed after application to soil. I monitored weed stem counts and the strength of the mycelial mat under the treatments. Additionally, as a proxy for crop yield, I measured the wet and dry mass of crop plant grown under application treatments. Weed prevalence was significantly …
Hibernation Is Super Complex: Dynamics Of Electron Transport System Supercomplexes, Amalie J. Hutchinson
Hibernation Is Super Complex: Dynamics Of Electron Transport System Supercomplexes, Amalie J. Hutchinson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The electron transport system complexes form supercomplexes (SCs) within mitochondrial membranes, perhaps increasing respiratory capacity or reducing reactive oxygen species production. My project aimed to determine the abundance, composition, and stability of SCs in a hibernator. Hibernators have dynamic metabolisms that change greatly during the winter. I isolated mitochondria from rats and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS) in different hibernation states and measured mitochondrial respiration. I extracted mitochondrial proteins using two detergents of different strengths, and quantified SC abundance using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Rats had fewer SCs than TLGS. SCs are dynamic in hibernation and the complex III composition …
Direct Electrical Stimulation Of Prefrontal Cortex Modulates The Transient Heart Rate Response To Exercise In Conscious Humans, Bartek Kulas
Direct Electrical Stimulation Of Prefrontal Cortex Modulates The Transient Heart Rate Response To Exercise In Conscious Humans, Bartek Kulas
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Prefrontal cortical regions play an essential role in generating appropriate cardiovascular adjustments, particularly in cardio-vagally mediated heart rate (HR) responses to active tasks. Functional imaging studies provide correlational evidence that this region coordinates HR responses to exercise, however, direct experimental evidence of prefrontal cortical HR regulation in humans is not available. Seven persons with epilepsy implanted with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) completed 2-second isometric handgrip (IHG) contractions at no-stimulation (NO-STIM) or sham-stimulation (SHAM) conditions, and during direct electrical stimulation (STIM) of the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex. HR responses to IHG during NO-STIM and SHAM increased HR by Δ4.9±2.7 bpm, compared …
Metschnikowia Mitochondria, Dong Kyung Lee
Metschnikowia Mitochondria, Dong Kyung Lee
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Mitochondrial genomes are known for their diverse characteristics and are an attractive model to study genome evolution. Draft nuclear genomes of 71 Metschnikowia yeast strains are publicly available but their mitochondrial genome assemblies are incomplete, thereby making genome studies difficult. To remediate this shortcoming, complete mitochondrial genomes of 71 Metschnikowia strains were assembled from the draft nuclear genomes. Metschnikowia mitochondrial genomes exhibit an unprecedented amount of diversity, particularly with respect to the frequency and distribution of introns, which is often reflected upon overall genome size variations. Additionally, loss of synteny between strains of the same species further strengthens the notion …
Establishment Of A Pesticide Resistance Monitoring Tool For The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae, Hanna Varonina
Establishment Of A Pesticide Resistance Monitoring Tool For The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae, Hanna Varonina
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), or Tetranychus urticae (Koch), is a major agriculture pest known for its rapid development of resistance to pesticides. The analysis of spider mites’ pesticide resistance demonstrated that resistance patterns and frequencies vary between T. urticae strains collected from different geographic locations and host plants. This research aims at characterization of pesticide resistance patterns in mite populations present in greenhouses in the Southwestern Ontario by identifying genetic and metabolic markers of their pesticide resistance. The establishment of these markers lays the basis for development of a pesticide resistance diagnostic tool that will enable prediction of population resistance …
The Effects Of Silver Nanoparticles On Soybean (Glycine Max) Growth And Nodulation, Paul J. Boersma
The Effects Of Silver Nanoparticles On Soybean (Glycine Max) Growth And Nodulation, Paul J. Boersma
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become more popular in consumer and industrial products, leading to increasing agricultural and environmental concentrations. Exposure to AgNPs could be detrimental to plants, microbes, and their symbiotic relationships. When subjected to 10 µg/mL AgNPs in a 96-well plate, growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 was halted. In hydroponic culture with 2.5 µg/mL AgNPs, biomass of inoculated Glycine max (L.) Merr. was 50% of control. Axenic plants were unaffected by this dose, but growth was inhibited at higher doses, indicating that AgNPs inhibit both nodulation and growth. Nodules treated with 2.5 µg/mL …
Functional Characterization Of Arogenate Dehydratase Isoforms In Soybean, Ramtin Sirjani
Functional Characterization Of Arogenate Dehydratase Isoforms In Soybean, Ramtin Sirjani
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Phenylalanine flux is partitioned between phenylpropanoid and protein synthesis. The mechanisms behind the metabolic channeling of phenylalanine are largely unknown. Arogenate dehydratase (ADT) enzymes, which catalyze the last and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of phenylalanine in plants, have been shown to interact with the isoflavonoid metabolon in the cytosol. Cytosolic phenylalanine, however, can only be synthesized through prephenate dehydratase (PDT) activity. In this study, putative soybean ADTs (GmADTs) were characterized for their ADT and PDT activity. This was done using complementation assays with two different knockout yeast strains, aro8aro9 and pha2, which lack prephenate aminotransferase and PDT activity, …
The Analysis Of Ginsenosides In Ginseng Garden Soil, Karina Marie Kaberi
The Analysis Of Ginsenosides In Ginseng Garden Soil, Karina Marie Kaberi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) produces natural products called ginsenosides. The biggest challenge Ontario commercial ginseng farmers face is ginseng replant disease. To understand the function of ginseng root exudates, ginsenoside accumulation and persistence over time were investigated. Currently, no reliable ginsenoside specific extraction method, characterizing the changes in soil chemistry exists. Ginsenoside extraction protocol optimization was required to determine how ginsenoside composition changed over time. Overall, protocol optimization resulted in a 30% increase in yield of ginsenosides compared to previous extraction protocols. In the ginseng gardens, ginsenoside accumulation occurs slowly and did not reach significantly measurable amounts until the …
Dynamics Of The Soil Microbiome In Ginseng Gardens, Megan E. Lambert
Dynamics Of The Soil Microbiome In Ginseng Gardens, Megan E. Lambert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Ginseng Replant Disease (GRD) is a syndrome in which ginseng cannot be cultivated in soil previously used to grow ginseng. Since GRD can persist for decades, it severely impacts the Ontario ginseng industry. To better understand the origin of GRD, the impact of ginseng cultivation on the soil microbiome was investigated in bulk soil of three newly planted ginseng gardens in Ontario, from seeding through two years of cultivation. While specific trends in species richness, diversity and composition were unclear, PERMANOVA analyses confirmed that they changed over time. Known GRD-related pathogens, including Ilyonectria mors-panacis and Fusarium oxysporum, were detected in …
Food Caching Decisions In Canada Jays (Perisoreus Canadensis), Robert J. Martin
Food Caching Decisions In Canada Jays (Perisoreus Canadensis), Robert J. Martin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Food scarce periods pose serious challenges for birds, particularly when those periods coincide with demanding life history stages such as overwintering. For resident birds in the Northern hemisphere, resource scarcity typically occurs simultaneously with winter conditions. In order to combat these compounded stressors, some species cache food to ensure a reliable supply of resources. Food caching is the storing of food items for subsequent retrieval and consumption after some delay. Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) are year-round residents of the North American boreal forest and some high elevation areas in the United States, and cache food to combat resource …