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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Cytochrome P450 Protein Family 4 Conservation And Diversification Among Flies, Kevin Croft
Cytochrome P450 Protein Family 4 Conservation And Diversification Among Flies, Kevin Croft
Scholars Week
Commercial fruit pests, such as flies within the Tephritidae family, have a large economic impact on the global food supply due to their ability to infest a wide range of host plants. The genus Rhagoletis, which contains the apple maggot fly, has become an important organism for understanding the process of switching and adapting to new hosts. The enzyme group responsible for this ability in Rhagoletis flies is the Cytochrome P450 proteins. This superfamily of proteins is also known to help organisms deal with various environmental stressors, such as detoxification of plant defensive compounds or insecticides. The Rhagoletis zephyria (the …
Effects Of Sport Fishing On Harbor Seal Hunting Success, Madison Mckay
Effects Of Sport Fishing On Harbor Seal Hunting Success, Madison Mckay
Scholars Week
Competitive interactions between marine mammals and fisheries are well documented. For example, pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) may impede the recovery of commercial fish stocks, and fisheries can negatively affect seals via bycatch and by diminishing food availability. However, the interactions between pinnipeds and sport fishers are not well documented, despite the fact that both utilize the same resources. I aimed to investigate whether sport fishermen affect the hunting success of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Whatcom Creek, a small and accessible river located in downtown Bellingham, WA, is a common place for sport fishers and harbor seals to aggregate and …
A Molecular Traffic Jam: How Overexpression Of Pericentrin Restricts The Movement Of Ift20 Between The Golgi Apparatus And The Primary Cilium, Josh Mcnamara
Scholars Week
Virtually every cell in the human body has a small antenna projecting from its surface called a primary cilium (plural, cilia). Proteins must be constantly moved to and from cilia in order for cilia to continue their function. This movement is referred to as protein trafficking. IFT20 is a protein that is heavily involved in protein trafficking in and out of cilia. The trafficking patterns of IFT20 can be studied by making it visible under a fluorescent microscope. We are particularly interested in how IFT20 interacts with another protein around the cilium called Pericentrin and how their interaction affects IFT20 …
Does Adaptation To Harsh Environments Provide Protection Against Parasites?, Arielle Michaelis
Does Adaptation To Harsh Environments Provide Protection Against Parasites?, Arielle Michaelis
Scholars Week
While host-parasite coevolution is generally well studied, much less attention has been paid to how parasite-host relationships are impacted by variation in the abiotic environment. This may be especially important when the host species' range includes both moderate and extreme environments, since the parasite might not be able to tolerate both climates. In such cases, adaptation to extreme environments might be a potential strategy to reduce parasitization. Studies have shown that parasites are more successful in the environment in which they originally coevolved with their host than in an environment with new abiotic stressors. In Washington, snowberry flies infest snowberries …
The Effect Of Anthropogenic Noise Disturbance On Day-Time Haul Out Patterns Of Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) At Two Sites Available At All Tide Levels., Wyatt Heimbichner Goebel
The Effect Of Anthropogenic Noise Disturbance On Day-Time Haul Out Patterns Of Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) At Two Sites Available At All Tide Levels., Wyatt Heimbichner Goebel
Scholars Week
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are one of the most abundant pinniped species in the northeast Pacific. Harbor seal haul-out behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including anthropogenic disturbance. One component of anthropogenic disturbance is increases in ambient noise levels due to human activities, such as construction. There is evidence that noise disturbance can affect harbor seal hearing as well as cause short-term changes in haul-out behavior. However, it is unclear how noise disturbance affects harbor seal haul-out patterns over long temporal scales. In this proposed study, I aim to investigate the effect of ambient noise levels on long-term …
Unraveling Genetic Interactions At The Primary Cilium, Bailey Mccurdy
Unraveling Genetic Interactions At The Primary Cilium, Bailey Mccurdy
Scholars Week
Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic conditions in the world, with a prevalence of 1 in 700. Down syndrome is caused by an additional copy of chromosome 21. Although all individuals with Down Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21, the clinical outcome of Down Syndrome varies. Why is this? One possibility is that disruption of other genes that are not on chromosome 21 also contributes to the clinical outcome. I have identified a strong genetic candidate called NPHP1 that disrupts a structure called the primary cilium—a vital signaling structure that is essential for human development. …
Nucjuke: A Web Tool For Re-Ranking Crispr-Cas9 Grnas Based On Chromatin Accessibility In Yeast, Gaea Turman
Nucjuke: A Web Tool For Re-Ranking Crispr-Cas9 Grnas Based On Chromatin Accessibility In Yeast, Gaea Turman
Scholars Week
A variety of papers published in the last decade have suggested that chromatin accessibility could have significant influence over the success of CRISPR-Cas9 experiments in S. cerevisiae; where chromatin accessibility refers to nucleosome presence at a targeted genomic location. It has been found that nucleosome presence can physically impede Cas9 from making a double stranded break at a specific target site, causing a decreased experimental efficiency. We have created a web-tool called NucJuke that seeks to mitigate this problem by categorically re-ranking gRNAs based on having high, partial, or low chromatin accessibility (referring to no nucleosome occupancy, partial nucleosome occupancy, …
How Low Can You Go (And Live): Determining The Sub-Lethal Exposure Time To Desiccation In Snowberry Maggot Flies (Rhagoletis Zephyria), Alison Klimke, Anna Marie Yanny
How Low Can You Go (And Live): Determining The Sub-Lethal Exposure Time To Desiccation In Snowberry Maggot Flies (Rhagoletis Zephyria), Alison Klimke, Anna Marie Yanny
Scholars Week
The fruit infesting snowberry maggot (Rhagoletis zephyria) inhabits a broad range of habitats across the northern United States, including the humid and arid parts of Washington State. Pupating snowberry maggots (the most vulnerable life stage) exhibit local adaptation, with flies being more desiccation resistant east than west of the Cascades. Previous experiments have measured this difference at eight days after the larvae leave the fruit. However, desiccation impacts on survival may occur much earlier. To better understand the mechanism(s) by which flies protect themselves from desiccation we need to study flies at a sub-lethal level of stress, as dying flies …
Feeding Success Of Harbor Seals In Relation To Hunting Technique At Whatcom Creek, Mackenna Newmarch
Feeding Success Of Harbor Seals In Relation To Hunting Technique At Whatcom Creek, Mackenna Newmarch
Scholars Week
Factors that influence hunting success of seals and sea lions are underrepresented in studies of animal behavior. This is a critical interaction to understand when evaluating the top-down effects of pinnipeds on endangered Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). In the Pacific Northwest, harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) consume a very large number of individual salmon, species that are a valuable resource and the subject of costly restorative efforts. A salmon hatchery in Whatcom Creek estuary of downtown Bellingham, Washington, attracts harbor seals that prey on returning adult Pacific salmon. The convenient location and small size of the site allows consistent observation of …
Norms Of Reaction For Pheromone Response In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Isolates, Shelby Duffy
Norms Of Reaction For Pheromone Response In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Isolates, Shelby Duffy
Scholars Week
Traits are commonly influenced by environmental and genetic factors, yet the contribution of each is often poorly understood. An important life history trait in baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is the rate at which cells prepare for mating in response to environmentally released pheromones. Wild strains of yeast differ in mating pheromone response and alleles of the G-Protein alpha subunit of the pheromone receptor have been shown to affect both pheromone response and fitness. It is known that pheromone response depends on pheromone concentration, but the effects of environmental factors are largely unknown. In order to characterize the effects of environmental …
Variation In Desiccation Resistance Between Different Rhagoletis Zephyria Populations Spanning The Cascade Mountains, Keely Hausken, Neal Shaffer, Jennifer Hill
Variation In Desiccation Resistance Between Different Rhagoletis Zephyria Populations Spanning The Cascade Mountains, Keely Hausken, Neal Shaffer, Jennifer Hill
Scholars Week
Local adaptation to environmental gradients can be an important source of variation that allows populations to evolve in response to environmental challenges. The snowberry maggot fly (Rhagoletis zephyria) is found throughout the different climate regions of Washington state. However, populations vary in their resistance to desiccation as an early pupa. We found that in low humidity treatments, desiccation resistance is predicted by annual precipitation and elevation and is tightly correlated with fly emergence the following season. Our results suggest that the variation in desiccation resistance in of R. zephyria is adaptive. Rhagoletis zephyria hybridizes with the agriculturally important invasive apple …
Roles Of Ubiquitin And Stress In Diacetyl Chemosensation Of C. Elegans, Ellen Zocher, Nelson Ruth, Marissa Hogg
Roles Of Ubiquitin And Stress In Diacetyl Chemosensation Of C. Elegans, Ellen Zocher, Nelson Ruth, Marissa Hogg
Scholars Week
Ubiquitin is a small protein that can be attached to other proteins in a cell, tagging them for destruction. The process of adding ubiquitin to a protein substrate (ubiquitination), and the subsequent trafficking and degradation of this substrate, is a principle regulator of the abundance and activity of many proteins across all forms of life. We are examining the role and dynamics of this regulatory system in the olfactory neurons of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, specifically the olfactory receptor protein ODR-10, which allows the worm to detect diacetyl, a volatile compound that is produced by the bacteria the worm …
Bivalve Comparison Study At Clayton Beach From 1912 To Recent, Stephanie Yong
Bivalve Comparison Study At Clayton Beach From 1912 To Recent, Stephanie Yong
Scholars Week
The purpose of the bivalve comparison study is to examine changes in the bivalve populations at Clayton Beach between 1912 and the present. Sea floor material off the coast of Clayton Beach was collected to create a railroad bed for the Bellingham and Skagit Interurban Railway in 1912 by a dredge ship. The dredged material contains well-preserved shells that represent an unbiased bulk sample of the benthic molluscan fauna in Samish Bay prior to 1912. Clayton Beach provides a unique opportunity to examine species diversity, population numbers, and size frequency of the whole bivalve fauna from a particular point in …
Calculating The Predictability Of Climate Change: The Effect Of Climate Change On Moth Species In The Pacific Northwest Varies Among Functional Groups., Julie Maurer
Scholars Week
Climate change has driven shifts in phenology and distribution for many species. These effects are often idiosyncratic and it remains unclear whether they vary consistently among functional groups, limiting our ability to draw broad conclusions about how climate change affects species. Previous studies have indicated that Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are sensitive to climate change. We analyzed a large database of moth specimen records from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) to examine climate change responses over more than 100 years for a suite of 241 functionally diverse species, including spring and fall active species as well as dietary generalists and specialists. …
Regulation Of Ampa-Type Glutamate Receptor Homolog Glr-1 By Erad Ubiquitin Ligases In C. Elegans, Sam Witus
Regulation Of Ampa-Type Glutamate Receptor Homolog Glr-1 By Erad Ubiquitin Ligases In C. Elegans, Sam Witus
Scholars Week
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) maintains cellular health by removing misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ERAD is ubiquitin-dependent, and ubiquitination of target proteins can be catalyzed by ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligases. In C. elegans, genes for three putative ERAD E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified: hrd-1, hrdl-1, and marc-6 (HRD-1, GP78/AMFR, and MARCH-6 in mammalian systems). In C. elegans, these three genes cooperate to maintain the overall health of animals during ER stress. We are testing the roles of hrd-1, hrdl-1, and marc-6 in the neurons of C. elegans. GLR-1 is a glutamate receptor that is expressed in a …
Importance Of Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation On Diacetyl Chemosensation In C. Elegans, Ellen Zocher, Nelson Ruth
Importance Of Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation On Diacetyl Chemosensation In C. Elegans, Ellen Zocher, Nelson Ruth
Scholars Week
Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein that can be attached to other proteins in a cell, tagging them for destruction. Ubiquitin plays a critical role in regulating the abundance and activity of many proteins. We examined the role of ubiquitin and the cellular pathway it follows in olfactory neurons in the model organism C. elegans. C. elegans senses and moves towards sources of diacetyl, a volatile compound generated by the bacteria it consumes. This behavior is dependent on the diacetyl receptor, ODR-10. We hypothesized that the ubiquitin-mediated degradation system is involved in the regulation of this sensory receptor. Using transgenic …
Can Collection Specimen Data Reveal Temporal Shifts Due To Climate Change?, Julie Maurer
Can Collection Specimen Data Reveal Temporal Shifts Due To Climate Change?, Julie Maurer
Scholars Week
Climate change is altering the distribution, behavior, and migration patterns of many species. Typically, these responses are documented studies in which standardized methods are used to collect population or behavioral data over several years. Multi-decade studies are rare and few predate the recent dramatic increase in global temperatures, limiting our ability to understand long-term consequences of climate change. Natural history (NH) collections offer a potential solution; they hold a wealth of species occurrence documentation spanning from decades to centuries. However, because the sampling of natural history collectors is spatially and temporally haphazard, it remains unclear whether NH data is useful …
Organic Content And Silt To Sand Ratio In Correlation With Porewater Sulfide Concentrations Found In Eel Grass (Zostera Marina) Beds, Clarissa Felling
Organic Content And Silt To Sand Ratio In Correlation With Porewater Sulfide Concentrations Found In Eel Grass (Zostera Marina) Beds, Clarissa Felling
Scholars Week
Eel grass, Zostera marina, beds are a vital habitat for both economically valuable species and nutrient cycling. Populations of Z. marina in Washington State have either stayed consistent or dwindled slightly. To increase the distribution of eel grass in Washington State knowing the organic content and silt to sand ratio is important for these plants survival. If this data correlates to sulfide concentrations, which can inhibit the abundance of eelgrass, department officials can locate viable places for new beds. Sediment samples were taken from four different eelgrass sites around Skagit County. Each sample was divided in two; one heated at …