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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Investigating The Soil Mycobiome Of American Ginseng, Rachel Amelia Rajsp
Investigating The Soil Mycobiome Of American Ginseng, Rachel Amelia Rajsp
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated for its medicinal properties. Growers report that when ginseng is replanted in a field previously used to cultivate ginseng, it soon succumbs to disease, known as ginseng replant disease. I examined changes in composition in the ginseng mycobiome throughout cultivation in a newly planted garden and beyond (i.e., 3–14 years post-harvest) with a third-generation metabarcoding approach (Pacific Biosciences, single-molecule real-time sequencing). Amplicons of about 600 nucleotides from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-α gene were chosen to help discriminate between closely …
Elucidating The Relationships Between Spider Size, Joint Stiffness, And The Mechanical Frequency Response Of The Body, Reese L. Gartly
Elucidating The Relationships Between Spider Size, Joint Stiffness, And The Mechanical Frequency Response Of The Body, Reese L. Gartly
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Spiders use vibrations to sense their surroundings. It has been suggested that the vibration perception in spiders may be altered by the mechanics of the body. I studied the biomechanics of spiders, at the level of leg joints and the whole body. To study joints, I quantified the allometry of leg joint stiffness in spiders. I found that the stiffness of spider joints increased nearly isometrically with increasing body mass, partly by having shorter and thicker leg segments and also by other unknown means. Using these data, I developed empirically validated biomechanical models which predicted the effects of mechanics on …
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects Of Nitrogen Addition And Warming On Ecosystem N Dynamics In A Grass-Dominated Temperate Old Field, Benjamin F. A. Souriol
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects Of Nitrogen Addition And Warming On Ecosystem N Dynamics In A Grass-Dominated Temperate Old Field, Benjamin F. A. Souriol
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate warming are both anticipated to influence the ecosystem N dynamics of northern temperate ecosystems substantially over the next century. Nevertheless, in field experiments with N addition and warming treatments, temporal scale can play an important role in determining the extent of treatment effects on N dynamics, and it is unclear to what extent the results of short-term studies can be extrapolated to responses over longer time scales. I compared the short-term versus long-term effects of N addition and warming on net N mineralization, N leaching, and N retention in a grass-dominated old field. …
The Detectability Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Microsatellite And Mitochondrial Environmental Dna, Simone N. Miklosi
The Detectability Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Microsatellite And Mitochondrial Environmental Dna, Simone N. Miklosi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Little is known about what information can be gathered from microsatellite eDNA. It is important to gain a deeper understanding of the detectability and analysis of microsatellite eDNA because it could provide information about population size that mitochondrial eDNA cannot. Water samples were collected from tank and river experiments, and rivers known to contain Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and analyzed for Atlantic salmon mitochondrial and microsatellite eDNA. Mitochondrial eDNA was detected from all the tank experiments and 10 out of 15 rivers known to contain Atlantic salmon. Microsatellite eDNA was detected from all the tank experiments and none …
Effect Of Rearing Conditions On The Allocation Of Larval And Adult Acquired Essential And Nonessential Fatty Acids To Flight In Two Adult Lepidoptera: Danaus Plexippus And Mythimna Unipuncta, Libesha Anparasan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Insects which are nectivorous as adults acquire essential fatty acids, which are important for many biological processes, almost exclusively from the larval diet. Thus, adult allocation of this limited resource may result in trade-offs in migrant insects that delay reproduction. I used the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, and monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, to test the hypothesis that environmental cues (fall migratory or summer reproductive) would influence the use of fatty acids during flight (0-6h). I used larval and adult diets manipulated isotopically (δ13C) and chromatographic analyses to determine fatty acid composition and source in the fat …
Characterization Of Etoxazole Resistance In Tetranychus Urticae Populations Collected From Commercial Greenhouses & Fields In Ontario, Jeremy Spenler
Characterization Of Etoxazole Resistance In Tetranychus Urticae Populations Collected From Commercial Greenhouses & Fields In Ontario, Jeremy Spenler
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In this investigation, etoxazole resistance was monitored in two spotted spider mite (TSSM) populations collected from commercial greenhouses in Ontario. The frequency of an etoxazole resistant, recessive target-site mutation, I1017F, in chitin synthase I (CHS1) was tracked within populations over the course of the study. Cytochrome P450 (P450) activity emerged as a possible alternative mechanism to resist etoxazole exposure in one population.
Using genetic crossing between highly resistant mite populations and a susceptible lab population, filial (F1) hybrid populations were created. The recessive I1017F target-site mutation was abolished in F1 hybrids highly susceptible to etoxazole, while elevated P450 …
Investigating The Age-Dependent Impact Of Lactate Dehydrogenase On Cognition In Flies And Mice, Ariel Khaya Frame
Investigating The Age-Dependent Impact Of Lactate Dehydrogenase On Cognition In Flies And Mice, Ariel Khaya Frame
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Lactate is a carbohydrate breakdown product typically produced in astrocytes, a type of glial cell, and transported to neurons within the brain. This type of metabolic coupling is commonly referred to as the astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS). While numerous studies have shown that the ANLS is involved in cognition in mammals few have taken into consideration sex differences, changes with age, or evolutionary conservation in invertebrates. Lactate metabolism is controlled by the enzymatic interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In this thesis I examined cognitive changes across lifespan affected by genetic manipulation …
Msspl9 Modulates Nodulation Under Nitrate Sufficiency Condition In Medicago Sativa, Vida Nasrollahi, Gamalat Allam, Susanne E. Kohalmi, Abdelali Hannoufa
Msspl9 Modulates Nodulation Under Nitrate Sufficiency Condition In Medicago Sativa, Vida Nasrollahi, Gamalat Allam, Susanne E. Kohalmi, Abdelali Hannoufa
Biology Publications
Nodulation in Leguminous spp. is induced by common environmental cues, such as low nitrogen availability conditions, in the presence of the specific Rhizobium spp. in the rhizosphere. Medicago sativa (alfalfa) is an important nitrogen-fixing forage crop that is widely cultivated around the world and relied upon as a staple source of forage in livestock feed. Although alfalfa’s relationship with these bacteria is one of the most efficient between rhizobia and legume plants, breeding for nitrogen-related traits in this crop has received little attention. In this report, we investigate the role of Squamosa-Promoter Binding Protein-Like 9 (SPL9), a target of miR156, …
Development Of Reverse Genetics Tools In The Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae, Nivitha Bhaskar
Development Of Reverse Genetics Tools In The Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae, Nivitha Bhaskar
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Tetranychus urticae, commonly known as the two-spotted spider mite, poses a significant threat to agriculture due to its ability to feed on a diverse range of plant hosts and its strong detoxification abilities in overcoming xenobiotic response. With global warming projected to increase spider mite infestations, it is vital to study the detoxification genes that enable the mite to adapt and survive. The spider mite genome sequence reveals a unique set of detoxification genes that can be studied using RNAi as a promising reverse genetic tool. However, the current genetic toolkit requires improvement. This study examined the effectiveness of …
Plant Production Of A Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Candidate Against Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome, Jordan T. Vanderburgt, Ondre Harper, Christopher P. Garnham, Susanne E. Kohalmi, Rima Menassa
Plant Production Of A Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Candidate Against Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome, Jordan T. Vanderburgt, Ondre Harper, Christopher P. Garnham, Susanne E. Kohalmi, Rima Menassa
Biology Publications
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease leading to spontaneous abortions and stillbirths in sows and lowered life quality and expectancy in growing pigs. PRRS is prevalent worldwide and has significant economic impacts to swine industries around the globe. Co-expression of the two most abundant proteins in the viral envelope, the matrix protein (M) and glycosylated protein 5 (GP5), can produce a neutralizing immune response for the virus providing a potentially effective subunit vaccine against the disease, but these proteins are difficult to express. The goal of this research was to display antigenic portions of the M and …
Localization Of Arabidopsis Glucan Synthase-Like 5, 8, And 12 To Plasmodesmata Andthe Gsl8-Dependent Role Of Pdlp5 In Regulating Plasmodesmal Permeability, Behnaz Saatian, Susanne Kohalmi, Yuhai Cui
Localization Of Arabidopsis Glucan Synthase-Like 5, 8, And 12 To Plasmodesmata Andthe Gsl8-Dependent Role Of Pdlp5 In Regulating Plasmodesmal Permeability, Behnaz Saatian, Susanne Kohalmi, Yuhai Cui
Biology Publications
Cell-to-cell communication via membranous channels called plasmodesmata (PD) plays critical rolesduring plant development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several enzymes and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), including Arabidopsis thaliana glucan synthase-likes (GSLs), also known as callosesynthases (CALSs), and PD-located proteins (PDLPs), have been implicated in plasmodesmal permeabilityregulation and intercellular communication. Localization of PDLPs to punctate structures at the cellperiphery and their receptor-like identity have raised the hypothesis that PDLPs are involved in theregulation of symplastic trafficking during plant development and in response to endogenous andexogenous signals. Indeed, it was shown that PDLP5 could limit plasmodesmal permeability throughinducing an increase …
A Kin-Selection Model Of Fairness In Heterogeneous Populations, Geoff Wild, Veronica J. Flear, Graham J. Thompson
A Kin-Selection Model Of Fairness In Heterogeneous Populations, Geoff Wild, Veronica J. Flear, Graham J. Thompson
Biology Publications
Humans and other primates exhibit pro-social preferences for fairness. These preferences are thought to be reinforced by strong reciprocity, a policy that rewards fair actors and punishes unfair ones. Theories of fairness based on strong reciprocity have been criticized for overlooking the importance of individual differences in socially heterogeneous populations. Here, we explore the evolution of fairness in a heterogeneous population. We analyse the Ultimatum Game in cases where players’ roles in the game are determined by their status. Importantly, our model allows for non-random pairing of players, and so we also explore the role played by kin selection in …