Life Sciences Commons^™

Intrauterine Device (Iud) Associated Pathology: A Review Of Pathogenic Mechanisms, Waldemar A. Schmidt, Karmen L. Schmidt

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper summarizes our studies of IUD-related disease with those previously published by others. Our data are based upon 51 IUDs and 42 index cases of IUD-related disease demonstrating specific processes. Gross, dissecting microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray microanalysis examinations were made of selected IUDs and associated tissues. Tissue associated with the IUDs revealed inflammation in 59.4%, calcific material in 6.3% and no abnormality in 34.4%. JUD-associated tissue responses were accompanied by changes of the IUD; these changes involved deposition of substances upon the IUD surface and degradation of the JUD itself. Disintegration of the IUD, its string or …

Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study Of Recovered Porcine Aortic Valved Conduits, D. J. Allen, I. H. Fentie, J. T. Davis, Angela Lineen

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Four explanted porcine aortic valved conduits were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Sources of obstruction such as neointima or "peel" and calcification were observed. In one sample the neointima was found to possess an unusually large expanse of squamous cells partially lining the luminal surface. This lining much resembled a normal endothelium, which is not an expected feature of neointima. Cells, presumably of host origin, were noted upon the leaflet surfaces. They did not seem as well organized as those found on the neointima. Calcification did not seem greatly advanced but was clearly apparent. Certain treatments proposed by …

Intracellular Structure Of The Outer Hair Cell Of The Organ Of Corti, Y. Harada, T. Sakai, N. Tagashira, M. Suzuki

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The intracellular structure of the outer hair cells of the normal guinea pig organ of Corti was investigated three dimensionally by scanning electron microscope. Freeze fracturing technique followed by maceration with a 0.1% OsO₄ solution (osmic maceration method) was used. Among the cell organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) showed the most interesting features, such as subsurface cisternae and lamellar bodies. The subsurface cisterna which formed a stratiform network covered the inner surface of the cell membrane and the stratiform structure disappeared at the infranuclear region. Variously shaped mitochondria (spherical, cylindrical and branched) were found on the innermost layer of …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation Of The Crista Ampullaris, Y. Harada, M. Takumida, N. Tagashira

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The crista ampullaris of the guinea pig and the bull frog were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crista ampullaris were freeze fractured or sheared followed by maceration with 0.1% OsO₄ solution. Following this, three-dimensional intracellular structures were observed. The mitochondria of the sensory cells varied in shape from globular to long and slender. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum of the sensory cells were also demonstrated clearly. Nerve elements, nerve endings and synaptic structures were also observed stereoscopically.

Ultrasonic Microdissection Of Immature Intermediate Human Placental Villi As Studied By Scanning Electron Microscopy, Gregory J. Highison, F. Donald Tibbitts

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The human placenta during the first 20 weeks of gestation undergoes rapid and extensive morphological changes. Near the end of this period, the most predominant type of villus present is the immature intermediate placental villus. In order to visualize this complex structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we have developed a microdissection technique to expose tissue components of the placental villus while retaining its normal histological architecture. Placental villi were initially fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, buffered formalin, or 2% osmium tetroxide solution prior to exposure to connective tissue enzymes or detergents alone or in combination. Samples were dehydrated through 100% …

The Identification And Characterization Of Metal Wrappings In Historic Textiles Using Microscopy And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry: Problems Associated With Identification And Characterization, N. Indictor, R. J. Koestler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) has been employed for the description of metal wrapped yarns. Although considerable detail is obtainable as microphotographs, and elemental analysis is obtained with ease, caution should be exercised in interpreting results. Several unravelled samples should be examined; light microscopy should be employed prior to SEM-EDS analysis. Examination of eight specimens (six from the textile collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; two from private collections) is described. The samples were Chinese (5), German (1), Spanish (1), Turkish (1). Difficulties encountered in describing this set of samples are enumerated.

Urolithiasis In A Patient Ingesting Pure Silica: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study, D. B. Leusmann, J. Pohl, G. Kleinhans

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A patient who repeatedly produced urinary calculi, had consumed about 3g of cristobalite (SiO₂) per day for many years. Investigations using scanning electron microscopy revealed minute particles containing silicon in the core of the stone as well as in urine sediment. A mechanism similar to that proposed for the effect of silicon-containing drugs against gastric ulcer, may play a role in this formation of silicon-containing urinary stones.

Lack Of Regional Surface Differences In Mouse Bladder Urothelium: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Kari Feren, Jon B. Reitan

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The surface structures of mouse urinary bladder epithelium, the urothelium, were examined in SEM. The entire surface area of both a moderately and a well stretched bladder were studied. No regional differences were found in either case. The moderately stretched bladder showed deep folds, while the well stretched bladder had only small folds giving the bladder an accordion-like appearance. In both bladders the typical surface structures were microridges arranged in a honeycomb-like pattern. The present study indicates that focal or regional differences found in bladders treated with chemicals or exposed to radiation are a result of the treatment itself, and …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Irradiated Mouse Bladder Urothelium, Jon B. Reitan, Kari Feren

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The luminal surface of mouse bladder urothelium was studied by scanning microscopy 1 year after irradiation with 0, 10 and 20 Gy respectively. The controls that were anaesthetized only displayed surface characteristics indistinguishable from normal urothelium.

Irradiation with 10 Gy did not result in marked overall changes in the scanning electron microscopic features of the luminal aspect, but in some areas alterations comparable to the alterations after 20 Gy were observed. After irradiation with 20 Gy focal hyperplastic areas, superficial early ulceration and dedifferentiation of cover cells were seen. The dedifferentiation to featureless cells is probably not associated with increased …

Functional Aspects Of Renal Glomeruli Based On Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Corrosion Casts, With Special Emphasis On Reptiles And Birds, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The glomerular complexity of several species of birds and reptiles is investigated in this study by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Comparing these results with those of a freshwater teleost and a mammalian species, a trend towards small, simple glomeruli of the avian type, beginning with large, well vascularized glomeruli resembling the type found in fish, can be observed in reptiles.

A close correlation between glomerular size and habitat can be established comparing related species having a similar physiological mode of renal function.

Entirely different from this sauropsidian evolutionary line of development is the highly complex, large differentiation …

Computer Simulation And Experimental Performance Data For An Electron Spectrometer For Electron Beam Testing Of Integrated Circuits, D. Deutges, S. Görlich, E. Kubalek

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron beam testing using voltage contrast in the scanning electron microscope has been established as a useful tool for nondestructive and nonloading functional testing and failure analysis of integrated circuits (IC). The accuracy of quantitative voltage measurements within the IC with the electron beam probe is determined by the performance of the secondary electron (SE) spectrometer used.

For simulating the performance of SE-spectrometers a program-package has been developed by aid of which the voltage-and field-distributions within the spectrometers can be evaluated using a finite element method. Thus it is possible to trace electron trajectories throughout the spectrometer. By considering a …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies On Microvascular Architecture Of Human Coronary Vessels By Corrosion Casts: Normal And Focal Necrosis, T. Ono, Y. Shimohara, K. Okada, S. Irino

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Microvascular architecture of the normal human heart and myocardial focal necrosis were studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Casts macroscopically identical in form to the left ventricular posterior wall were prepared.

The following results were obtained in the normal human heart. (I) Most of the arterioles communicated with capillary plexuses smoothly and straight forwardly in the left ventricular posterior free wall. (2) Arterioles which branched from the arteries ran in various directions and continued into capillaries either at right angles or obliquely in the trabeculae carneae. (3) capillaries running parallel with the cardiac muscle fibers ran in different …

Surface Studies Of Duodenal Lesions Induced By Thoracic Irradiation, K. E. Carr, S. Ellis, A. Michalowski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Acute duodenal ulcers are produced in mice as a remote ("abscopal") effect of irradiation to the lower mediastinum. Such lesions have been examined with scanning electron microscopy at 5, 8 and 28 days after irradiation with 18 Gy of X-rays. All the ulcers occur within the first 1 cm long segment of the duodenum which is endowed with Brunner's glands. The single lesions vary in size, shape and position. The damaged area often includes much of the duodenal circumference and is distinguished by conical or rudimentary villi, or even by the complete absence of villi. In contrast, around the periphery …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Human Metaphase Chromosomes, T. D. Allen, E. M. Jack, C. J. Harrison, D. Claugher

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Preparative methods for scanning electron microscopy of chromosomes are dependent on the original source of material. Chromosomes extracted from unfixed metaphase cells via isolation buffers tend to show topography and surface morphology which may have been induced by the choice of isolation buffer itself. Furthermore, this type of preparation often precludes any chromosome identification, as many metaphases have been pooled, and also the chromosomes from these preparations are not suitable for the banding techniques regularly used in clinical cytogenetics. Our own approach has been to use the standard cytogenetic approach, starting with methanol-acetic acid fixed, air dried metaphase spreads, allowing …

Analytical Ultra High Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy With Field Emission Gun For Surface Study, P. Morin, P. Abraham, C. Bablet, M. Tholomier

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Surface studies can be carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) having an ultra high vacuum specimen chamber. The main application of this SEM was the micro Auger analysis, but it is also interesting to combine the usual surface study technique with SEM observations. Indeed, these latter give valuable in formation about the topographic, chemical and crystallographic aspects of the surface when the secondary, backscattered and transmission SEM modes are used. The SEM performances are increased by the use of a field emission gun, the high brightness beam of this gun gives new observation possibilities such as the imaging …