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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Hybrid Sterility, Genetic Conflict And Complex Speciation: Lessons From The Drosophila Simulans Clade Species, Daven C. Presgraves, Colin D. Meiklejohn
Hybrid Sterility, Genetic Conflict And Complex Speciation: Lessons From The Drosophila Simulans Clade Species, Daven C. Presgraves, Colin D. Meiklejohn
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
The three fruit fly species of the Drosophila simulans clade— D. simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia— have served as important models in speciation genetics for over 40 years. These species are reproductively isolated by geography, ecology, sexual signals, postmating-prezygotic interactions, and postzygotic genetic incompatibilities. All pairwise crosses between these species conform to Haldane’s rule, producing fertile F1 hybrid females and sterile F1 hybrid males. The close phylogenetic proximity of the D. simulans clade species to the model organism, D. melanogaster, has empowered genetic analyses of their species differences, including reproductive incompatibilities. But perhaps no phenotype has been subject to …
Sister Species Diverge In Modality-Specific Courtship Signal Form And Function, Eileen Hebets, Mitch Bern, Rowan H. Mcginley, Andy Roberts, Arik Kershenbaum, James Starrett, Jason E. Bond
Sister Species Diverge In Modality-Specific Courtship Signal Form And Function, Eileen Hebets, Mitch Bern, Rowan H. Mcginley, Andy Roberts, Arik Kershenbaum, James Starrett, Jason E. Bond
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Understanding the relative importance of different sources of selection (e.g., the environment, social/sexual selection) on the divergence or convergence of reproductive communication can shed light on the origin, maintenance, or even disappearance of species boundaries. Using a multistep approach, we tested the hypothesis that two presumed sister species of wolf spider with overlapping ranges and microhabitat use, yet differing degrees of sexual dimorphism, have diverged in their reliance on modality- specific courtship signaling. We predicted that male Schizocosa crassipalpata (no ornamentation) rely predominantly on diet-dependent vibratory signaling for mating success. In contrast, we predicted that male S. bilineata (black foreleg …
Phenotypic Divergence In Two Sibling Species Of Shorebird: Common Snipe And Wilson’S Snipe (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae), Tiago M. Rodrigues, Edward H. Miller, Sergei V. Drovetski, Robert M. Zink, Jon Fjeldså, David Gonçalves
Phenotypic Divergence In Two Sibling Species Of Shorebird: Common Snipe And Wilson’S Snipe (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae), Tiago M. Rodrigues, Edward H. Miller, Sergei V. Drovetski, Robert M. Zink, Jon Fjeldså, David Gonçalves
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Natural and social selection are among the main shapers of biological diversity but their relative importance in divergence remains understudied. Additionally, although neutral evolutionary processes may promote phenotypic divergence, their potential contribution in speciation is often overlooked in studies of comparative morphology. In this study, we investigated phenotypic differentiation in two allopatric shorebirds: the Palaearctic Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago and the Nearctic Wilson’s Snipe Gallinago delicata. Specimens of Common Snipe (n = 355 skins, n = 163 skeletons) and Wilson’s Snipe (n = 403 skins, n = 141 skeletons) in natural history collections were examined to quantify differences in skeletal …
Demonstrating Mate Choice Copying In Spiders Requires Further Research, R. Tucker Gilman, Kasey Fowler-Finn, Eileen A. Hebets
Demonstrating Mate Choice Copying In Spiders Requires Further Research, R. Tucker Gilman, Kasey Fowler-Finn, Eileen A. Hebets
Eileen Hebets Publications
Mate choice copying—when individuals learn to prefer mates or mate types that have been chosen by others—can influence trait evo-lution and speciation (Varela et al. 2018; Dion et al. 2019). Most examples of mate choice copying are from fish, birds, and mammals including humans (Varela et al. 2018). However, 2 invertebrate examples—fruit flies and wolf spiders—have been used to argue that the phenomenon may be phylogenetically widespread, and perhaps the rule rather than the exception in nature (Varela et al. 2018). Here, we revisit the evidence for mate choice copying in wolf spiders (Fowler-Finn et al. 2015) in light of …
A Probable Case Of Incipient Speciation In Schizocosa Wolf Spiders Driven By Allochrony, Habitat Use, And Female Mate Choice, R. Tucker Gilman, Kasey Fowler-Finn, Eileen A. Hebets
A Probable Case Of Incipient Speciation In Schizocosa Wolf Spiders Driven By Allochrony, Habitat Use, And Female Mate Choice, R. Tucker Gilman, Kasey Fowler-Finn, Eileen A. Hebets
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
There is growing evidence that speciation can occur between populations that are not geographically isolated. The emergence of assortative mating is believed to be critical to this process, but how assortative mating arises in diverging populations is poorly understood. The wolf spider genus Schizocosa has become a model system for studying mechanisms of assortative mating. We conducted a series of experiments to identify the factors that control mate-pair formation in a Schizocosa population that includes both ornamented and nonornamented males. We show that the population also includes two previously unrecognized female phenotypes. One female phenotype mates mostly or exclusively with …
Evidence For Trait-Based Dominance In Occupancy Among Fossil Taxa And The Decoupling Of Macroecological And Macroevolutionary Success, Peter Wagner, Roy E. Plotnick, S. Kathleen Lyons
Evidence For Trait-Based Dominance In Occupancy Among Fossil Taxa And The Decoupling Of Macroecological And Macroevolutionary Success, Peter Wagner, Roy E. Plotnick, S. Kathleen Lyons
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Biological systems provide examples of differential success among taxa, from ecosystems with a few dominant species (ecological success) to clades that possess far more species than sister clades (macroevolutionary success). Macroecological success, the occupation by a species or clade of an unusually high number of areas, has received less attention. If macroecological success reflects heritable traits, then successful species should be related. Genera composed of species possessing those traits should occupy more areas than genera with comparable species richness that lack such traits. Alternatively, if macroecological success reflects autapomorphic traits, then generic occupancy should be a by-product of species richness …
The Maintenance Of Phenotypic Divergence Through Sexual Selection: An Experimental Study In Barn Swallows Hirundo Rustica, Rebecca Safran, Yoni Vortman, Brittany R. Jenkins, Joanna K. Hubbard, Matt Wilkins, Rachel J. Bradley, Arnon Lotem
The Maintenance Of Phenotypic Divergence Through Sexual Selection: An Experimental Study In Barn Swallows Hirundo Rustica, Rebecca Safran, Yoni Vortman, Brittany R. Jenkins, Joanna K. Hubbard, Matt Wilkins, Rachel J. Bradley, Arnon Lotem
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Previous studies have shown that sexual signals can rapidly diverge among closely related species. However, we lack experimental studies to demonstrate that differences in trait-associated reproductive performance maintain sexual trait differences between closely related populations, in support for a role of sexual selection in speciation. Populations of Northern Hemisphere distributed barn swallows Hirundo rustica are closely related, yet differ in two plumage-based traits: ventral color and length of the outermost tail feathers (streamers). Here we provide experimental evidence that manipulations of these traits result in different reproductive consequences in two subspecies of barn swallow: (H. r. erythrogaster in North …
Genome-Wide Differentiation In Closely Related Populations: The Roles Of Selection And Geographic Isolation, Rebecca Safran, Elizabeth Scordato, Matt Wilkins, Joanna K. Hubbard, B. R. Jenkins, Tomáš Albrecht, Samuel Flaxman, H. Karaardiç, Yoni Vortman, Arnon Lotem, Patrik Nosil, P. Pap, Sheng-Feng Shen, S.-F. Chan, T. L. Parchman, Nolan C. Kane
Genome-Wide Differentiation In Closely Related Populations: The Roles Of Selection And Geographic Isolation, Rebecca Safran, Elizabeth Scordato, Matt Wilkins, Joanna K. Hubbard, B. R. Jenkins, Tomáš Albrecht, Samuel Flaxman, H. Karaardiç, Yoni Vortman, Arnon Lotem, Patrik Nosil, P. Pap, Sheng-Feng Shen, S.-F. Chan, T. L. Parchman, Nolan C. Kane
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Population divergence in geographic isolation is due to a combination of factors. Natural and sexual selection may be important in shaping patterns of population differentiation, a pattern referred to as “isolation by adaptation” (IBA). IBA can be complementary to the well-known pattern of “isolation by distance” (IBD), in which the divergence of closely related populations (via any evolutionary process) is associated with geographic isolation. The barn swallow Hirundo rustica complex comprises six closely related subspecies, where divergent sexual selection is associated with phenotypic differentiation among allopatric populations. To investigate the relative contributions of selection and geographic distance to genome-wide differentiation, …
The Complexities Of Female Mate Choice And Male Polymorphisms: Elucidating The Role Of Genetics, Age, And Mate-Choice Copying, Kasey D. Fowler-Finn, Laura Sullivan-Beckers, Amy M. Runck, Eileen A. Hebets
The Complexities Of Female Mate Choice And Male Polymorphisms: Elucidating The Role Of Genetics, Age, And Mate-Choice Copying, Kasey D. Fowler-Finn, Laura Sullivan-Beckers, Amy M. Runck, Eileen A. Hebets
Eileen Hebets Publications
Genetic, life history, and environmental factors dictate patterns of variation in sexual traits within and across populations, and thus the action and outcome of sexual selection. This study explores patterns of inheritance, diet, age, and mate-choice copying on the expression of male sexual signals and associated female mate choice in a phenotypically diverse group of Schizocosa wolf spiders. Focal spiders exhibit one of two male phenotypes: ‘ornamented’ males possess large black brushes on their forelegs, and ‘non-ornamented’ males possess no brushes. Using a quantitative genetics breeding design in a mixed population of ornamented/non-ornamented males, we found a strong genetic basis …
Trait-Based Diversification Shifts Reflect Differential Extinction Among Fossil Taxa, Peter J. Wagner, George F. Estabrook
Trait-Based Diversification Shifts Reflect Differential Extinction Among Fossil Taxa, Peter J. Wagner, George F. Estabrook
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Evolution provides many cases of apparent shifts in diversification associated with particular anatomical traits. Three general models connect these patterns to anatomical evolution: (i) elevated net extinction of taxa bearing particular traits, (ii) elevated net speciation of taxa bearing particular traits, and (iii) elevated evolvability expanding the range of anatomies available to some species. Traitbased diversification shifts predict elevated hierarchical stratigraphic compatibility (i.e., primitive→derived→highly derived sequences) among pairs of anatomical characters. The three specific models further predict (i) early loss of diversity for taxa retaining primitive conditions (elevated net extinction), (ii) increased diversification among …