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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Linkage Mechanics And Power Amplification Of The Mantis Shrimp's Strike, Sheila Patek, B. N. Nowroozi, J. E. Baio, R. L. Caldwell, A. P. Summers
Linkage Mechanics And Power Amplification Of The Mantis Shrimp's Strike, Sheila Patek, B. N. Nowroozi, J. E. Baio, R. L. Caldwell, A. P. Summers
Sheila Patek
Mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda) generate extremely rapid and forceful predatory strikes through a suite of structural modifications of their raptorial appendages. Here we examine the key morphological and kinematic components of the raptorial strike that amplify the power output of the underlying muscle contractions. Morphological analyses of joint mechanics are integrated with CT scans of mineralization patterns and kinematic analyses toward the goal of understanding the mechanical basis of linkage dynamics and strike performance. We test whether a four-bar linkage mechanism amplifies rotation in this system and find that the rotational amplification is approximately two times the input rotation, thereby amplifying …
The Acoustic Mechanics Of Stick–Slip Friction In The California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus), Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio
The Acoustic Mechanics Of Stick–Slip Friction In The California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus), Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio
Sheila Patek
The dynamic interplay between static and sliding friction is fundamental to many animal movements. One interesting example of stick–slip friction is found in the sound-producing apparatus of many spiny lobster species (Palinuridae). The acoustic movements of the spiny lobster's plectrum over the file are generated by stick–slip friction between the two surfaces. We examined the microscopic anatomy, kinematics, acoustics and frictional properties of the California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) toward the goal of quantitatively characterizing the frictional and acoustic mechanics of this system. Using synchronous high-speed video and sound recordings, we tested whether plectrum kinematics are correlated with acoustic signal …
Multifunctionality And Mechanical Origins: Ballistic Jaw Propulsion In Trap-Jaw Ants, Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio, B. L. Fisher, A. V. Suarez
Multifunctionality And Mechanical Origins: Ballistic Jaw Propulsion In Trap-Jaw Ants, Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio, B. L. Fisher, A. V. Suarez
Sheila Patek
Extreme animal movements are usually associated with a single, high-performance behavior. However, the remarkably rapid mandible strikes of the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus bauri, can yield multiple functional outcomes. Here we investigate the biomechanics of mandible strikes in O. bauri and find that the extreme mandible movements serve two distinct functions: predation and propulsion. During predatory strikes, O. bauri mandibles close at speeds ranging from 35 to 64 m·s−1 within an average duration of 0.13 ms, far surpassing the speeds of other documented ballistic predatory appendages in the animal kingdom. The high speeds of the mandibles assist in capturing prey, while …
Extreme Impact And Cavitation Forces Of A Biological Hammer: Strike Forces Of The Peacock Mantis Shrimp Odontodactylus Scyllarus, Sheila Patek, R. L. Caldwell
Extreme Impact And Cavitation Forces Of A Biological Hammer: Strike Forces Of The Peacock Mantis Shrimp Odontodactylus Scyllarus, Sheila Patek, R. L. Caldwell
Sheila Patek
Mantis shrimp are renowned for their unusual method of breaking shells with brief, powerful strikes of their raptorial appendages. Due to the extreme speeds of these strikes underwater, cavitation occurs between their appendages and hard-shelled prey. Here we examine the magnitude and relative contribution of the impact and cavitation forces generated by the peacock mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus. We present the surprising finding that each strike generates two brief, high-amplitude force peaks, typically 390–480 μs apart. Based on high-speed imaging, force measurements and acoustic analyses, it is evident that the first force peak is caused by the limb's impact and …
Squeaking With A Sliding Joint: Mechanics And Motor Control Of Sound Production In Palinurid Lobsters, Sheila Patek
Squeaking With A Sliding Joint: Mechanics And Motor Control Of Sound Production In Palinurid Lobsters, Sheila Patek
Sheila Patek
The origin of arthropod sound-producing morphology typically involves modification of two translating body surfaces, such as the legs and thorax. In an unusual structural rearrangement, I show that one lineage of palinurid lobsters lost an antennal joint articulation, which transformed this joint from moving with one degree of freedom into a sliding joint with multiple degrees of freedom. With this sliding joint, `stick-and-slip' sounds are produced by rubbing the base of each antenna against the antennular plate. To understand the musculo-skeletal changes that occurred during the origin and evolutionary variation of this sound-producing mechanism, I examined joint morphology and antennal …