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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dynamic Adaptation Of Liver Mitochondria To Chronic Alcohol Feeding In Mice: Biogenesis, Remodeling, And Functional Alterations, Derick Han, Maria Ybanez, Heather Johnson, Janiece Mcdonald, Lusine Mesropyan, Harsh Sancheti, Gary Martin, Alanna Martin, Atalie Lim, Lily Dara, Enrique Cadenas, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Niel Kaplowitz
Dynamic Adaptation Of Liver Mitochondria To Chronic Alcohol Feeding In Mice: Biogenesis, Remodeling, And Functional Alterations, Derick Han, Maria Ybanez, Heather Johnson, Janiece Mcdonald, Lusine Mesropyan, Harsh Sancheti, Gary Martin, Alanna Martin, Atalie Lim, Lily Dara, Enrique Cadenas, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Niel Kaplowitz
Gary Martin
Liver mitochondria undergo dynamic alterations following chronic alcohol feeding to mice. Intragastric alcohol feeding to mice resulted in 1) increased state III respiration (109% compared with control) in isolated liver mitochondria, probably due to increased levels of complexes I, IV, and V being incorporated into the respiratory chain; 2) increased mitochondrial NAD+ and NADH levels (∼2-fold), with no change in the redox status; 3) alteration in mitochondrial morphology, with increased numbers of elongated mitochondria; and 4) enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver, which corresponded with an up-regulation of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α). Oral alcohol feeding to mice, which …
Morphology Of Rhogocytes In Megathura Crenulata And Their Synthesis Of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin., Alanna Martin, Gary Martin, Robert Butler
Morphology Of Rhogocytes In Megathura Crenulata And Their Synthesis Of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin., Alanna Martin, Gary Martin, Robert Butler
Gary Martin
Rhogocytes are morphologically distinct cells distributed throughout connective tissues of crustaceans and molluscs. Using light microscopy, rhogocytes of the vetigastropod Megathura crenulata were identified by their ovoid shape, and their cytoplasm filled with spherical inclusions which contained lysosomal enzymes, based on uptake of neutral red and staining with LysoTracker dye. Rhogocytes were most abundant in the digestive gland (2,824 rhogocytes/mm2), followed by the connective tissue layer surrounding the middle and posterior esophagus and intestine (1,431 rhogocytes/mm2, 872 rhogocytes/mm2, and 1,190 rhogocytes/mm2, respectively), and were lowest in abundance in the foot (154 rhogocytes/mm2). At the transmission electron microscopy level, characteristic features …
Impact Of Mineral Deposits On Shrimp Penaeus Monodon In A High Alkaline Water., A. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rajkumar, Jun Sun, Gary Martin, A. Parida
Impact Of Mineral Deposits On Shrimp Penaeus Monodon In A High Alkaline Water., A. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rajkumar, Jun Sun, Gary Martin, A. Parida
Gary Martin
This study compares water quality parameters, shrimp growth and mortality rates, and biomass at harvest in two ponds of equal size, seeded with the same density (7 m2) of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV) negative post-larvae (PL)-20 of shrimp, Penaeus monodon in the Vellar estuary of South India. The primary difference between the ponds was the water source; one was filled from the estuary and the second with water from bore wells with high alkalinity. Temperature in both ponds was similar and reached 320C after 185 days of culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were within …
Production Of Digestive Enzymes Along The Gut Of The Giant Keyhole Limpet Megathura Crenulata, Gary Martin, Alanna Martin, Whitney Tsai
Production Of Digestive Enzymes Along The Gut Of The Giant Keyhole Limpet Megathura Crenulata, Gary Martin, Alanna Martin, Whitney Tsai
Gary Martin
The esophagus and intestine form the longest regions of the digestive tract in the giant keyhole limpet and are lined by epithelial cells sharing a common morphology and releasing materials into the gut lumen by apocrine secretion. The purpose of this study was to determine if these morphologically similar regions release similar digestive enzymes and compare their contributions to digestive enzymes released from other regions of the gut. Principal component analysis of enzymes detected by the API ZYM system for 19 enzymes plus EnzChek assays for protease, α-amylase, lipase, cellulase, and lysozyme identify four distinct regions of the gut: 1) …
Morphology Of Epithelial Cells Lining The Digestive Tract Of The Giant Keyhole Limpet, Megathura Crenulata (Mollusca; Vetigastropoda)., Gary Martin, Tracy Bessette, Alanna Martin, Christopher Oakes
Morphology Of Epithelial Cells Lining The Digestive Tract Of The Giant Keyhole Limpet, Megathura Crenulata (Mollusca; Vetigastropoda)., Gary Martin, Tracy Bessette, Alanna Martin, Christopher Oakes
Gary Martin
To understand the digestive functions in the giant keyhole limpet, it is important to know the types of cells present in each region of the gut and their roles in the secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of nutrients. This study describes the morphology of cells lining the entire gut and identifies sites that may be secreting materials to aid digestion. Previous studies involving electron microscopy and enzyme analysis have focused on the salivary and digestive glands of several gastropods. Studies on the rest of the gut tract typically include only histological descriptions of the epithelia and although several types …
Functional Anatomy Of Penaeid Shrimp, Gary Martin, Jo Hose
Functional Anatomy Of Penaeid Shrimp, Gary Martin, Jo Hose
Gary Martin
A comprehensive source of information on all aspects of shrimp production, this reference covers not only the global status of shrimp farming, but also examines shrimp anatomy and physiology. From nutrition to health management and harvesting issues to biosecurity, this well-researched volume evaluates existing knowledge, proposes new concepts, and questions common practices. With an extensive review on worldwide production systems, this compilation will be highly relevant to research scientists, students, and shrimp producers.
Rough- Shell Disease Of Penaeus Monodon Fabricius, 1798 In Grow-Out Ponds., A. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rajkumar, T. Vasanthan, Gary Martin, T. Balasubramanian
Rough- Shell Disease Of Penaeus Monodon Fabricius, 1798 In Grow-Out Ponds., A. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rajkumar, T. Vasanthan, Gary Martin, T. Balasubramanian
Gary Martin
Macrophytes, such as mangroves, salt marshes and sea grasses, constitute an important component of coastal domain (Kathiresan and Bingham, 2001; Kathiresan, 2007), but their role in carbon budget is neglected from accounts of the global ocean carbon cycle for the main reason that the marine vegetation occupies only less than 2% of the oceanic surface (Duarte and Cebrian, 1996). Moreover, the coastal macrophytes are being cleared and converted globally at alarming rates. For instance, the annual rate of loss in global mangroves was disturbingly high, 0.66%, during the years 2000–2005 (FAO, 2007).
Structure And Function Of Haemocytes In Two Marine Gastropods, Megathura Crenulata And Aplysia Californica., Gary Martin, Christopher Oates, Heather Tousignant, Heather Crabtree, Rachel Yamakawa
Structure And Function Of Haemocytes In Two Marine Gastropods, Megathura Crenulata And Aplysia Californica., Gary Martin, Christopher Oates, Heather Tousignant, Heather Crabtree, Rachel Yamakawa
Gary Martin
Aplysia californica is an important mollusc for neurobiological research and Megathura crenulata is becoming valuable as the source of keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) which shows promise in treating cancer, allergy and immunosuppression. The culture of these animals provides opportunities to assess their physiological responses to stress and disease. Molluscan haemocytes are known to be involved in a variety of physiological responses, yet the haemocytes of this opisthobranch and vetigastropod have not been characterized. The purpose of this study is to describe the morphology of these cells and summarize their functions based on a suite of assays previously developed on other …
Peritrophic Membrane Of The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis; Structure, Formation And Permeability., Gary Martin
Peritrophic Membrane Of The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis; Structure, Formation And Permeability., Gary Martin
Gary Martin
Peritrophic membranes (PTMs) are secreted acellular layers that separate ingested materials from the gut epithelium in a variety of invertebrates. In insects and crustaceans, PTMs are produced in the midgut trunk (MGT, or intestine), but the MGT in decapod crustaceans, unlike that of insects, is not involved with digestion or absorption of food. We demonstrate that the PTM in the penaeid shrimp Sicyonia ingentis is similar to that in other crustaceans that have been studied and is primarily composed of chitin. The lectin WGA binds only to the PTM and glycocalyx along the microvilli of the midgut cells, which is …
The Three Dimensional Detection Of Microvasculatory Bed In The Brain Of White Rat Rattus Norvegicus By A Ca2+ -Atpase Method., Amaiak Chilingaryan, Amayak Chilingaryan, Gary Martin
The Three Dimensional Detection Of Microvasculatory Bed In The Brain Of White Rat Rattus Norvegicus By A Ca2+ -Atpase Method., Amaiak Chilingaryan, Amayak Chilingaryan, Gary Martin
Gary Martin
A procedure is described which allows for the selective and non-injectional staining of the three-dimensional microvasculatory bed (MVB) in thick sections (60–140 μm) of formalin-fixed brain tissue of white rats Rattus norvegicus. This histochemical method detects ATPase activity and takes place between pH 10.5 and 11.2. Calcium ion is used to capture inorganic phosphate, calcium phosphate is converted to lead phosphate, and subsequently converted to black or dark brown lead sulfide. All vessels are revealed due to a precipitate on the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of arterioles. In some vessels, red blood cells also stain. The background is transparent …
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus And V. Harveyi Cause Detachment Of The Epithelium From The Midgut Trunk Of The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis., Gary G. Martin, Nicole Rubin, Erica Swanson
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus And V. Harveyi Cause Detachment Of The Epithelium From The Midgut Trunk Of The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis., Gary G. Martin, Nicole Rubin, Erica Swanson
Gary Martin
Shrimp Sicyonia ingentis were either injected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (104 CFU) or V. harveyi (106 CFU) or immersed in ASW containing either species at 105 CFU ml-1. These densities were shown in preliminary experiments to kill approximately half the population by 7 d. On Day 7, surviving shrimp were classified as either diseased or apparently healthy, and their midgut trunks (MGT) were examined by light and electron microscopy. All shrimp immersed in ASW containing either species of Vibrio showed detachment of the epithelium in the MGT. In shrimp injected with either species of Vibrio, epithelial detachment was common in diseased …
Morphology Of The Midgut Trunk In The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis, Highlighting Novel Nuclear Pore Particles And Fixed Hemocytes., Gary G. Martin, Alice Chiu
Morphology Of The Midgut Trunk In The Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia Ingentis, Highlighting Novel Nuclear Pore Particles And Fixed Hemocytes., Gary G. Martin, Alice Chiu
Gary Martin
The morphology of the midgut trunk (MGT) in the penaeid shrimp Sicyonia ingentis was examined by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Although the function of the MGT is poorly understood, it is not involved with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and it appears to be the surface of a shrimp least protected from penetration by potential pathogens. As described for other decapod crustaceans, the MGT in shrimp is composed of a simple columnar epithelium separated from a layer of connective tissue by a thick basal lamina. Beneath the basal lamina is a previously unreported layer of hemocytes, …
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine In Crustacean Hemocytes; Possible Functions And Usefulness In Hemocyte Classification., Gary G. Martin, Catherine Castro, Nicholas Moy, Nicole Rubin
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine In Crustacean Hemocytes; Possible Functions And Usefulness In Hemocyte Classification., Gary G. Martin, Catherine Castro, Nicholas Moy, Nicole Rubin
Gary Martin
The lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) selectively binds N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Fluorescence and electron microscopy were used to show that WGA stains the cytoplasmic granules in the granulocytes, but not the hyaline cells, of two decapods, the ridgeback prawn Sicyonia ingentis and the American lobster Homarus americanus. Using fluorescence microscopy, two intermediate stages in granulocyte maturation were observed. Cells smaller than typical small-granule hemocytes were observed with 5 or fewer granules, which in previous studies using brightfield and phase optics were probably counted as hyaline cells. Also, some granulocytes were observed containing both small and large granules, supporting the suggestion that small and …
Elimination Of Sequestered Material From The Gills Of Decapod Crustaceans., Gary Martin, Michael Quintero, Michael Quigley, Hovhannes Khosrovian
Elimination Of Sequestered Material From The Gills Of Decapod Crustaceans., Gary Martin, Michael Quintero, Michael Quigley, Hovhannes Khosrovian
Gary Martin
Ink particles injected into the hemolymph of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and ridgeback prawn (Sicyonia ingentis) were rapidly removed from circulation, and most were sequestered within nodules in the gills. The morphology of the gills and the nodules were examined from the time of injection until the following molt. The process by which ink was cleared from the gills was the same in all four species. Nodules formed within 10 min after injection and were composed of hemocytes loosely attached to one another and binding small quantities of ink. Within one week, …
Photobehavior Of The Harpacticoid Copepod Tigriopus Californicus And The Fine Structure Of Its Nauplius Eye., Gary G. Martin
Photobehavior Of The Harpacticoid Copepod Tigriopus Californicus And The Fine Structure Of Its Nauplius Eye., Gary G. Martin
Gary Martin
Members of Tigriopus californicus, and harpacticoid copepod, live in small, shallow tidepools in the upper spray zone where they cannot avoid the full effect of visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Field experiments using ambient light show that individuals of T. californicus aggregate in areas of lower radiation at midday, yet have no preference between areas exposed only to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or shade, but aggregate in the shaded portion of a tank when exposed to UV_B. Light detection in T. californicus is presumably by the nauplius eye, which is described at the histoligical and iltrastructural levels. Microvilli of the …