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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nonmotorized Recreation And Motorized Recreation In Shrub-Steppe Habitats Affects Behavior And Reproduction Of Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos), Robert J. Spaul, Julie A. Heath
Nonmotorized Recreation And Motorized Recreation In Shrub-Steppe Habitats Affects Behavior And Reproduction Of Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos), Robert J. Spaul, Julie A. Heath
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Different forms of outdoor recreation have different spatiotemporal activity patterns that may have interactive or cumulative effects on wildlife through human disturbance, physical habitat change, or both. In western North America, shrub-steppe habitats near urban areas are popular sites for motorized recreation and nonmotorized recreation and can provide important habitat for protected species, including golden eagles. Our objective was to determine whether recreation use (i.e., number of recreationists) or recreation features (e.g., trails or campsites) predicted golden eagle territory occupancy, egg-laying, or the probability a breeding attempt resulted in ≥1 offspring (nest survival). We monitored egg-laying, hatching and fledging success, …
Variable Effects Of Snow Conditions Across Boreal Mesocarnivore Species, C. B. Pozzanghera, K. J. Sivy, M. S. Lindberg, L. R. Prugh
Variable Effects Of Snow Conditions Across Boreal Mesocarnivore Species, C. B. Pozzanghera, K. J. Sivy, M. S. Lindberg, L. R. Prugh
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Mesocarnivores are increasingly recognized as key drivers of community dynamics, but the effects of bottom-up and abiotic factors on mesocarnivore populations remain poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of snow conditions, prey abundance, and habitat type on the distribution of five sympatric mesocarnivore species in interior Alaska using repeated snow track surveys and occupancy modelling. Snow depth and snow compaction were the best predictors of mesocarnivore occupancy, with differential effects across species. Coyotes (Canis latrans (Say, 1823)) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) occurred in areas of shallow, compact snow, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis (Kerr, 1792)) …
A Phylum-Level Phylogenetic Classification Of Zygomycete Fungi Based On Genome-Scale Data, Merlin M. White
A Phylum-Level Phylogenetic Classification Of Zygomycete Fungi Based On Genome-Scale Data, Merlin M. White
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Molecular phylogenies based on one or a few genes did not support themonophyly of the phylum, however, and the phylum was subsequently abandoned. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of a genome-scale data set for 46 taxa, including 25 zygomycetes and 192 proteins, and we demonstrate that zygomycetes comprise two major clades that form a paraphyletic grade. A formal phylogenetic classification is proposed herein and includes two phyla, …
Genotypic Diversity Effects On Biomass Production In Native Perennial Bioenergy Cropping Systems, Geoffrey P. Morris, Zhenbin Hu, Paul P. Grabowski, Justin O. Borevitz, Marie-Anne De Graaff, R. Michael Miller, Julie D. Jastrow
Genotypic Diversity Effects On Biomass Production In Native Perennial Bioenergy Cropping Systems, Geoffrey P. Morris, Zhenbin Hu, Paul P. Grabowski, Justin O. Borevitz, Marie-Anne De Graaff, R. Michael Miller, Julie D. Jastrow
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The perennial grass species that are being developed as biomass feedstock crops harbor extensive genotypic diversity, but the effects of this diversity on biomass production are not well understood. We investigated the effects of genotypic diversity in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) on perennial biomass cropping systems in two experiments conducted over 2008–2014 at a 5.4-ha fertile field site in northeastern Illinois, USA. We varied levels of switchgrass and big bluestem genotypic diversity using various local and nonlocal cultivars – under low or high species diversity, with or without nitrogen inputs – and …
Selective Foraging By Pogonomyrmex Salinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Semiarid Grassland: Implications For A Rare Plant, Matthew S. Schmasow, Ian C. Robertson
Selective Foraging By Pogonomyrmex Salinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Semiarid Grassland: Implications For A Rare Plant, Matthew S. Schmasow, Ian C. Robertson
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Selective foraging by granivores can have important consequences for the structure and composition of plant communities, and potentially severe consequences for rare plant species. To understand how granivore foraging behavior affects common and rare plant species, diet selection should be viewed relative to the availability of alternative seed options, and with consideration of the individual attributes of those seeds (e.g., morphology, nutrient content). We examined the foraging decisions of Owyhee harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex salinus [Olsen], in semiarid grassland dominated by two species of grass, Poa secunda and Bromus tectorum, and two species of mustard, Sisymbrium altissimum and Lepidium papilliferum …
Understanding Tradeoffs Between Food And Predation Risks In A Specialist Mammalian Herbivore, Jamie L. Utz, Lisa A. Shipley, Janet L. Rachlow, Tamara Johnstone-Yellin, Meghan Camp, Jennifer Sorenson Forbey
Understanding Tradeoffs Between Food And Predation Risks In A Specialist Mammalian Herbivore, Jamie L. Utz, Lisa A. Shipley, Janet L. Rachlow, Tamara Johnstone-Yellin, Meghan Camp, Jennifer Sorenson Forbey
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Understanding habitat use by animals requires understanding the simultaneous tradeoffs between food and predation risk within a landscape. Quantifying the synergy between patches that provide quality food and those that are safe from predators at a scale relevant to a foraging animal could better reveal the parameters that influence habitat selection. To understand more thoroughly how animals select habitat components, we investigated tradeoffs between diet quality and predation risk in a species endemic to sagebrush Artemisia spp. communities in North America, the pygmy rabbitBrachylagus idahoensis. This species is a rare example of a specialist herbivore that relies almost entirely …
Early-Onset Alzheimer’S: Should You Worry?, Troy Rohn
Early-Onset Alzheimer’S: Should You Worry?, Troy Rohn
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
You have forgotten where you put your car keys, or you can’t seem to remember the name of your colleague you saw in the grocery store the other day. You fear the worst, that maybe these are signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
Proteolytic Cleavage Of Apolipoprotein E In The Down Syndrome Brain, Ryan J. Day, Katie L. Mccarty, Kayla E. Ockerse, Elizabeth Head, Troy T. Rohn
Proteolytic Cleavage Of Apolipoprotein E In The Down Syndrome Brain, Ryan J. Day, Katie L. Mccarty, Kayla E. Ockerse, Elizabeth Head, Troy T. Rohn
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability and is characterized by a number of behavioral as well as cognitive symptoms. Many of the neuropathological features of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) including senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are also present in people with DS as a result of triplication of the amyloid precursor gene on chromosome 21. Evidence suggests that harboring one or both apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) alleles may increase the risk for AD due to the proteolytic cleavage of apoE4 and a subsequent loss of function. To investigate a role …
Quantifying Wing Shape And Size Of Saturniid Moths With Geometric Morphometrics, Minjia Zhong, Geena M. Hill, Jesse R. Barber, Akito Y. Kawahara
Quantifying Wing Shape And Size Of Saturniid Moths With Geometric Morphometrics, Minjia Zhong, Geena M. Hill, Jesse R. Barber, Akito Y. Kawahara
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Butterflies and moths exhibit a spectacular diversity of w in g sh ape and size. The extent of wing variation is particularly evident in wild silk moths (Saturniidae), which have large wing shape and size variation. Some species have jagged wing margins, rounded forewing apical lobes, or narrow hind wings with long tails, while others lack these traits entirely. Surprisingly, very little work has been done to formally quantify wing variation within the family. We analyzed the hind wing shape and size of 76 saturniid species representing 52 genera across five subfamilies using geometric morphometrics. We identified fifteen landmarks that …
Mid- And Long-Term Effects Of Wildfire And Debris Flows On Stream Ecosystem Metabolism, Quenton M. Tuckett, Peter Koetsier
Mid- And Long-Term Effects Of Wildfire And Debris Flows On Stream Ecosystem Metabolism, Quenton M. Tuckett, Peter Koetsier
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Wildfire is an important and prevalent agent of disturbance in vegetated landscapes across much of the Earth’s surface, including forested watersheds in the arid western USA. Between 1992 and 2003, >40% of the watersheds in the upper reaches of the Boise River watershed in central Idaho burned. The purpose of our study was to investigate the legacy effects of wildfire on stream ecosystems by analyzing the relationship between wildfire and resulting debris flows and their joint effects on stream ecosystem metabolism in 31 streams. The watersheds of ∼½ of these streams burned within the last 11 y, and some of …
Selection Of Food Patches By Sympatric Herbivores In Response To Concealment And Distance From A Refuge, Miranda M. Crowell, Lisa A. Shipley, Meghan J. Camp, Janet L. Rachlow, Jennifer S. Forbey, Timothy R. Johnson
Selection Of Food Patches By Sympatric Herbivores In Response To Concealment And Distance From A Refuge, Miranda M. Crowell, Lisa A. Shipley, Meghan J. Camp, Janet L. Rachlow, Jennifer S. Forbey, Timothy R. Johnson
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Small herbivores face risks of predation while foraging and are often forced to trade off food quality for safety. Life history, behaviour, and habitat of predator and prey can influence these trade-offs. We compared how two sympatric rabbits (pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis; mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii) that differ in size, use of burrows, and habitat specialization in the sagebrush-steppe of western North America respond to amount and orientation of concealment cover and proximity to burrow refuges when selecting food patches. We predicted that both rabbit species would prefer food patches that offered greater concealment and food patches that …
Variable Shifts In The Autumn Migration Phenology Of Soaring Birds In Southern Spain, Micah N. Scholer, Beatriz Martín, Miguel Ferrer, Alejandro Onrubia, Marc J. Bechard, Greg S. Kaltenecker, Jay D. Carlisle
Variable Shifts In The Autumn Migration Phenology Of Soaring Birds In Southern Spain, Micah N. Scholer, Beatriz Martín, Miguel Ferrer, Alejandro Onrubia, Marc J. Bechard, Greg S. Kaltenecker, Jay D. Carlisle
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
While alteration of the migratory habits of birds is widely regarded as one of the most evident ecological effects of climate change, studies reporting shifts in migration phenology for long-lived, long-distance migrants have been few. Using time series of count data collected in southern Spain during autumn migration, we examined the magnitude and direction of phenological shifts for six common species of soaring birds. Many current methods for investigating phenological change rely on continuous data sets; however, these data may be unavailable for a variety of reasons. We used a cross-correlation analysis, which allowed us to compare recent data on …
Responses Of Female Burrowing Owls To Alterations In Clutch Size: Are Burrowing Owls Determinate Or Indeterminate Egg-Layers?, Jamie L. Wade, James R. Belthoff
Responses Of Female Burrowing Owls To Alterations In Clutch Size: Are Burrowing Owls Determinate Or Indeterminate Egg-Layers?, Jamie L. Wade, James R. Belthoff
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Bird species, including raptors, can often be categorized into two groups depending upon their response to alterations in clutch size while laying. For some, clutch size is predetermined prior to the start of laying (i.e., determinate species). In contrast, the clutch size of indeterminate layers can be influenced by external factors present at the time of laying. Using field experiments, our objective was to examine the egg-laying responses of female Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) to manipulations of clutch size. To assess whether Burrowing Owls are determinate or indeterminate egg-layers, we altered female clutch size by removing …
Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations Of Incubating American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) Show Annual, Seasonal, And Individual Variation And Explain Reproductive Outcome, Elizabeth C. Sassani, Christeena Sevy, Erin H. Strasser, Alexandra M. Anderson, Julie A. Heath
Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations Of Incubating American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) Show Annual, Seasonal, And Individual Variation And Explain Reproductive Outcome, Elizabeth C. Sassani, Christeena Sevy, Erin H. Strasser, Alexandra M. Anderson, Julie A. Heath
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
In wild birds, the proximate and ultimate factors that affect circulating carotenoid concentrations remain poorly understood. We studied variation in plasma carotenoid concentrations across several scales: annual, seasonal, pair, territory and individual, and evaluated whether plasma carotenoid concentrations explained reproductive outcome of wild American kestrels (Falco sparverius). We sampled plasma carotenoid concentrations of 99 female and 80 male incubating kestrels from April to June in 2008 to 2012. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were explained by an interaction between year and sex, date, and random effects for pair and individual identity. In general, plasma carotenoid concentrations of males were significantly …
Nestin-Positive/Sox2−Negative Cells Mediate Adult Neurogenesis Of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons In Mice, Joshua E. Albright, Iva Stojkovska, Abir A. Rahman, Connor J. Brown, Brad E. Morrison
Nestin-Positive/Sox2−Negative Cells Mediate Adult Neurogenesis Of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons In Mice, Joshua E. Albright, Iva Stojkovska, Abir A. Rahman, Connor J. Brown, Brad E. Morrison
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The primary clinical motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Consequently, neurogenesis of this group of neurons in the adult brain has drawn considerable interest for the purpose of harnessing endogenous neurogenerative potential as well as devising better strategies for stem cell therapy for PD. However, the existence of adult neurogenesis for DA neurons within the SN remains controversial. To overcome technical and design limitations associated with previous studies, our group has developed a novel genetic mouse model for assessing adult nigral DA neurogenesis. This system utilizes transgenic mice …
Magp2 Controls Notch Via Interactions With Rgd Binding Integrins: Identification Of A Novel Ecm-Integrin-Notch Signaling Axis, Peter Deford, Kasey Brown, Rae Lee Richards, Aric King, Kristin Newburn, Katherine Westover, Allan R. Albig
Magp2 Controls Notch Via Interactions With Rgd Binding Integrins: Identification Of A Novel Ecm-Integrin-Notch Signaling Axis, Peter Deford, Kasey Brown, Rae Lee Richards, Aric King, Kristin Newburn, Katherine Westover, Allan R. Albig
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Canonical Notch signaling involves Notch receptor activation via interaction with cell surface bound Notch ligand. Recent findings also indicate that Notch signaling may be modulated by cross-talk with other signaling mechanisms. The ECM protein MAGP2 was previously shown to regulate Notch in a cell type dependent manner, although the molecular details of this interaction have not been dissected. Here, we report that MAGP2 cell type specific control of Notch is independent of individual Notch receptor-ligand combinations but dependent on interaction with RGD binding integrins. Overexpressed MAGP2 was found to suppress transcriptional activity from the Notch responsive Hes1 promoter activity in …
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation By Tcdd Modulates Expression Of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Genes During Experimental Liver Fibrosis, Cheri L. Lamb, Giovan Cholico, Daniel E. Perkins, Michael T. Fewkes, Julia T. Oxford, Trevor J. Lujan, Erica E. Morrill, Kristen A. Mitchell
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation By Tcdd Modulates Expression Of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Genes During Experimental Liver Fibrosis, Cheri L. Lamb, Giovan Cholico, Daniel E. Perkins, Michael T. Fewkes, Julia T. Oxford, Trevor J. Lujan, Erica E. Morrill, Kristen A. Mitchell
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a soluble, ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Increasing evidence implicates the AhR in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. We recently reported that TCDD increased necroinflammation and myofibroblast activation during liver injury elicited by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).However, TCDD did not increase collagen deposition or exacerbate fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice, which raises the possibility that TCDD may enhance ECM turnover. The goal of this study was to determine how TCDD impacts ECM remodeling gene expression in the liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated for …