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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Amyloid-Β-Induced Pathological Behaviors Are Suppressed By Ginkgo Biloba Extract Egb 761 And Ginkgolides In Transgenic Caenorhabditis Elegans, Yanjue Wu, Zhixin Wu, Peter Butko, Yves Christen, Mary P. Lambert, William L. Klein, Christopher D. Link, Yuan Luo
Amyloid-Β-Induced Pathological Behaviors Are Suppressed By Ginkgo Biloba Extract Egb 761 And Ginkgolides In Transgenic Caenorhabditis Elegans, Yanjue Wu, Zhixin Wu, Peter Butko, Yves Christen, Mary P. Lambert, William L. Klein, Christopher D. Link, Yuan Luo
Faculty Publications
Amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity has been postulated to initiate synaptic loss and subsequent neuronal degeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously demonstrated that the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, commonly used to enhance memory and by AD patients for dementia, inhibits Aβ-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. In this study, we use EGb 761 and its single constituents to associate Aβ species with Aβ-induced pathological behaviors in a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. We report that EGb 761 and one of its components, ginkgolide A, alleviates Aβ-induced pathological behaviors, including paralysis, and reduces chemotaxis behavior and 5-HT hypersensitivity in a transgenic …
Linking Bacterioplankton Community Structures To Environmental State Variables And Phytoplankton Assemblages In Two South Carolina Salt Marsh Estuaries, Wes Johnson, Alan J. Lewitus, Madilyn Fletcher
Linking Bacterioplankton Community Structures To Environmental State Variables And Phytoplankton Assemblages In Two South Carolina Salt Marsh Estuaries, Wes Johnson, Alan J. Lewitus, Madilyn Fletcher
Faculty Publications
Microorganisms are among the most important organisms to the ecology of salt marsh estuaries; however, fundamental questions regarding their distribution, environmental controls, and interactions with phytoplankton remain unanswered. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of bacterial rRNA genes and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of phytoplankton photopigments to characterize planktonic communities from the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto (ACE) Basin and North Inlet (NI) estuaries on the South Carolina coast, USA. Multivariate comparisons of the planktonic community profiles revealed that the 2 estuaries supported distinct bacterial communities. Furthermore, bacterial communities in both systems were partitioned into separate particle-associated (PA) and …
African-American Mitochondrial Dnas Often Match Mtdnas Found In Multiple African Ethnic Groups, Bert Ely, Jamie Lee Wilson, Fatimah Jackson, Bruce A. Jackson
African-American Mitochondrial Dnas Often Match Mtdnas Found In Multiple African Ethnic Groups, Bert Ely, Jamie Lee Wilson, Fatimah Jackson, Bruce A. Jackson
Faculty Publications
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes have become popular tools for tracing maternal ancestry, and several companies offer this service to the general public. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human mtDNA haplotypes can be used with confidence to identify the continent where the haplotype originated. Ideally, mtDNA haplotypes could also be used to identify a particular country or ethnic group from which the maternal ancestor emanated. However, the geographic distribution of mtDNA haplotypes is greatly influenced by the movement of both individuals and population groups. Consequently, common mtDNA haplotypes are shared among multiple ethnic groups. We have studied the distribution of mtDNA …
Interaction Of Ice Storms And Management Practices On Current Carbon Sequestration In Forests With Potential Mitigation Under Future Co2 Atmosphere, Heather R. Mccarthy, Ram Oren, Hyun-Seok Kim, Kurt H. Johnsen, Chris Maier, Seth G. Pritchard, Micheal Davis
Interaction Of Ice Storms And Management Practices On Current Carbon Sequestration In Forests With Potential Mitigation Under Future Co2 Atmosphere, Heather R. Mccarthy, Ram Oren, Hyun-Seok Kim, Kurt H. Johnsen, Chris Maier, Seth G. Pritchard, Micheal Davis
Faculty Publications
[1] Ice storms are disturbance events with potential impacts on carbon sequestration. Common forest management practices, such as fertilization and thinning, can change wood and stand properties and thus may change vulnerability to ice storm damage. At the same time, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels may also influence ice storm vulnerability. Here we show that a nonintensively managed pine plantation experienced a ∼250 g C m−2 reduction in living biomass during a single storm, equivalent to ∼30% of the annual net ecosystem carbon exchange of this ecosystem. Drawing on weather and damage survey data from the entire storm cell, …
Ecological Fitting As A Determinant Of The Community Structure Of Platyhelminth Parasites Of Anurans, Daniel R. Brooks, Virginia León-Règagnon, Deborah Mclennan, Derek Zelmer
Ecological Fitting As A Determinant Of The Community Structure Of Platyhelminth Parasites Of Anurans, Daniel R. Brooks, Virginia León-Règagnon, Deborah Mclennan, Derek Zelmer
Faculty Publications
Host–parasite associations are assumed to be ecologically specialized, tightly coevolved systems driven by mutual modification in which host switching is a rare phenomenon. Ecological fitting, however, increases the probability of host switching, creating incongruences between host and parasite phylogenies, when (1) specialization on a particular host resource is a shared characteristic of distantly related parasites, and (2) the resource being tracked by the parasite is widespread among many host species. We investigated the effect of ecological fitting on structuring the platyhelminth communities of anurans from a temperate forest and grassland in the United States and tropical dry and wet forests …
Aintegumenta Contributes To Organ Polarity And Regulates Growth Of Lateral Organs In Combination With Yabby Genes, Staci Nole-Wilson, Beth A. Krizek
Aintegumenta Contributes To Organ Polarity And Regulates Growth Of Lateral Organs In Combination With Yabby Genes, Staci Nole-Wilson, Beth A. Krizek
Faculty Publications
Lateral organs in flowering plants display polarity along their adaxial-abaxial axis with distinct cell types forming at different positions along this axis. Members of three classes of transcription factors in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; the Class III homeodomain/leucine zipper [HD-ZIP] proteins, KANADI proteins, and YABBY proteins) are expressed in either the adaxial or abaxial domain of organ primordia where they confer these respective identities. Little is known about the factors that act upstream of these polarity-determining genes to regulate their expression. We have investigated the relationship between AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), a gene that promotes initiation and growth of lateral …
Growth, Feeding And Reproduction Of The Catfish Eremophilus Mutisii (Pisces : Trichomycteridae), From Artificial Reservoirs In Colombia, Gabriel Pinilla, Maritza Abril, Esperanza González
Growth, Feeding And Reproduction Of The Catfish Eremophilus Mutisii (Pisces : Trichomycteridae), From Artificial Reservoirs In Colombia, Gabriel Pinilla, Maritza Abril, Esperanza González
Faculty Publications
The catfish, Eremophilus mutisii, was cultured under different densities in artificial rainfall reservoirs at Caldas, Boyaca, Colombia. At capture, the average total length of the animals was 10 cm and the weight ranged between 9 and 10 g. These fish were in initial stages of sexual development. After a year in the reservoirs, they had increased in length and weight as follows (densities in parentheses): 5.22 cm and 27.23 g (0.5 individuals/m(2))); 1.98 cm and 8.79 g (1 individual/m(2)), and 2.45 cm and 0.82 g (2 individuals/m(2)). They were at the early stages of sexual maturity, and their condition …
Cytochrome P4501a Is Induced In Endothelial Cell Lines From The Kidney And Lung Of The Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops Truncatus, Rita Anne Garrick, Bruce R. Woodin, Joanna Y. Wilson, Bobby L. Middlebrooks, John J. Stegman
Cytochrome P4501a Is Induced In Endothelial Cell Lines From The Kidney And Lung Of The Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops Truncatus, Rita Anne Garrick, Bruce R. Woodin, Joanna Y. Wilson, Bobby L. Middlebrooks, John J. Stegman
Faculty Publications
Marine mammals respond to the presence of polycyclic and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH or PHAH) with the induced expression in endothelium of cytochrome P4501A1, regulated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcription factor. Physiological responses in other animals, such as edema and inflammation indicate that the endothelium may be compromised by exposure to AHR agonists, which are ubiquitous in the marine environment. In other mammals and fish the cellular and molecular consequences of exposure to AHR agonists have been elucidated in cultured endothelial cells. We have cultured and characterized cetacean endothelial cells (EC) and used them in induction studies. …
A Hydrothermal After-Ripening Time Model For Seed Dormancy Loss In Bromus Tectorum L., Phil S. Allen, Necia B. Bair
A Hydrothermal After-Ripening Time Model For Seed Dormancy Loss In Bromus Tectorum L., Phil S. Allen, Necia B. Bair
Faculty Publications
After-ripening, the loss of dormancy under dry conditions, is associated with a decrease in mean base water potential for germination of Bromus tectorum L. seeds. After-ripening rate is a linear function of temperature above a base temperature, so that dormancy loss can be quantified using a thermal after-ripening time (TAR) model. To incorporate storage water potential into TAR, we created a hydrothermal after-ripening time (HTAR) model. Seeds from two B. tectorum populations were stored under controlled temperatures (20 or 30° C) and water potentials (400 to 40MPa). Subsamples were periodically removed from each storage treatment and incubated at 15 or …
Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein Atpase By Lis1, Mariano T. Mesngon, Cataldo Tarricone, Sachin Hebbar, Aimee Guillotte, E. William Schmitt, Lorene Lanier, Andrea Musacchio, Stephen J. King, Deanna S. Smith
Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein Atpase By Lis1, Mariano T. Mesngon, Cataldo Tarricone, Sachin Hebbar, Aimee Guillotte, E. William Schmitt, Lorene Lanier, Andrea Musacchio, Stephen J. King, Deanna S. Smith
Faculty Publications
Mutations in Lis1 cause classical lissencephaly, a developmental brain abnormality characterized by defects in neuronal positioning.Over the last decade, a clear link has been forged between Lis1 and the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. Substantial evidenceindicates that Lis1 functions in a highly conserved pathway with dynein to regulate neuronal migration and other motile events. Yeasttwo-hybrid studies predict that Lis1 binds directly to dynein heavy chains (Sasaki et al., 2000; Tai et al., 2002), but the mechanistic significance of this interaction is not well understood. We now report that recombinant Lis1 binds to native brain dynein and significantly increases the microtubule-stimulated enzymatic …
Allostasis, Homeostasis, And The Costs Of Physiological Adaptation, Sarah C. Coste
Allostasis, Homeostasis, And The Costs Of Physiological Adaptation, Sarah C. Coste
Faculty Publications
Sarah Coste reviews Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation (edited by Jay Schulkin) for the Quarterly Review of Biology.
Relationships Among Arthropods, Herbaceous-Shrub Layer Vegetation, And Soil In An Early Succession Pine Stand., Brent Burt, Richard N. Conner, Saenz Daniel
Relationships Among Arthropods, Herbaceous-Shrub Layer Vegetation, And Soil In An Early Succession Pine Stand., Brent Burt, Richard N. Conner, Saenz Daniel
Faculty Publications
During spring and early summer, shrub- and herbaceous-level vegetation provides nesting and foraging habitat for many shrub-habitat birds. We examine relationships among arthropod biomass and abundance, foliage leaf surface area and weight, vegetation ground cover, soil characteristics, relative humidity, and temperature to evaluate what factors may influence arthropod food resources for birds.
The Rotavirus Enterotoxin Nsp4 Directly Interacts With The Caveolar Structural Protein Caveolin-1, Rebecca D. Parr, Stephen M. Storey, Deanne M. Mitchell, Avery Mcintosh, Minglong Zhou, Kiran D. Mir, Judith M. Ball
The Rotavirus Enterotoxin Nsp4 Directly Interacts With The Caveolar Structural Protein Caveolin-1, Rebecca D. Parr, Stephen M. Storey, Deanne M. Mitchell, Avery Mcintosh, Minglong Zhou, Kiran D. Mir, Judith M. Ball
Faculty Publications
Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is known to function as an intracellular receptor at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) critical to viral morphogenesis and is the first characterized viral enterotoxin. Exogenously added NSP4 induces diarrhea in rodent pups and stimulates secretory chloride currents across intestinal segments as measured in Ussing chambers. Circular dichroism studies further reveal that intact NSP4 and the enterotoxic peptide (NSP4114-135) that is located within the extended, C-terminal amphipathic helix preferentially interact with caveola-like model membranes. We now show colocalization of NSP4 and caveolin-1 in NSP4-transfected and rotavirus-infected mammalian cells in reticular structures surrounding the nucleus …
A New Moustache Wasp In Dominican Amber, With An Account Of Apoid Wasp Evolution Emphasizing Crabroninae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Daniel J. Bennett, Michael S. Engel
A New Moustache Wasp In Dominican Amber, With An Account Of Apoid Wasp Evolution Emphasizing Crabroninae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Daniel J. Bennett, Michael S. Engel
Faculty Publications
A new, extinct species of the wasp genus Lindenius (Crabroninae: Crabronini: Crabronina) is described and figured from two exquisitely preserved specimens discovered in Early Miocene Dominican amber. Lindenius paleomystax, new species, represents the first record for the tribe Crabronini in Dominican amber and the southernmost record for the genus in the New World. The unique locality and habitat data begin to reveal a more complicated natural history for the genus than that suggested by Recent taxa alone. A checklist of fossil apoid wasps in amber is provided and the new species is discussed within the context of an overview …
Nest-Site Selection In The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene Carolina Carolina, In Illinois [Abstract], Beth A. Flitz, Stephen J. Mullin
Nest-Site Selection In The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene Carolina Carolina, In Illinois [Abstract], Beth A. Flitz, Stephen J. Mullin
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Food For Early Succession Birds: Relationships Among Arthropods, Shrub Vegetation, And Soil, Richard N. Conner, Daniel Saenz, Brent Burt
Food For Early Succession Birds: Relationships Among Arthropods, Shrub Vegetation, And Soil, Richard N. Conner, Daniel Saenz, Brent Burt
Faculty Publications
During spring and early summer, shrub- and herbaceous-level vegetation provides nesting and foraging habitat for many shrub-habitat birds. We examined relationships among arthropod biomass and abundance, foliage leaf surface area and weight, vegetation ground cover, soil characteristics, relative humidity, and temperature to evaluate what factors may influence arthropod food resources for birds. Relative humidity was inversely associated with arthropod biomass; as humidity increased biomass decreased (r = -0.44, P = 0.004). We failed to detect any relationships between deciduous foliage (surface area and weight) and arthropod biomass or abundance. However, both arthropod abundance (r = 0.30, P = 0.06) and …
Patterns Of Habitat Use By Bats Along A Riparian Corridor In Northern Utah, Duke S. Rogers, Mark C. Belk, Malinda W. González, Brent L. Coleman
Patterns Of Habitat Use By Bats Along A Riparian Corridor In Northern Utah, Duke S. Rogers, Mark C. Belk, Malinda W. González, Brent L. Coleman
Faculty Publications
We examined patterns of habitat use within a community of bats along the Provo River in Heber Valley, Utah. The landscape was divided into 5 habitat categories: riparian forest, wetland, agricultural field, edge, and a habitat restoration site. We used Anabat II bat detectors to record the number of echolocation calls per night within each habitat type as an index of bat activity. Echolocation calls were classified into foraging guilds based on acoustic traits, and we analyzed activity by entire community and by the 4 guilds related to habitat type and environmental variables. Activity was not significantly related to moon …
Gis-Based Analysis Of Ice-Breeding Seal Strandings In The Gulf Of Maine, David Harris Ph.D., Sat Gupta
Gis-Based Analysis Of Ice-Breeding Seal Strandings In The Gulf Of Maine, David Harris Ph.D., Sat Gupta
Faculty Publications
Phoca groenlandica (harp seals) and Cystophora cristata (hooded seals), two species of ice-breeding seals, are being sighted more frequently onshore in the Gulf of Maine since 1990, but little is known about their behavior in this ecosystem. We obtained records of 904 ice-breeding seal stranding locations in the Gulf of Maine between 1996 and 2002 from NOAA Fisheries and used a geographic information system (GIS) to conduct group-wise comparisons by species (using non-parametric techniques), and to determine the predictors of high seal-stranding density (using ordinal logistic regression analysis). Compared to harp seals, hooded seals stranded closer to deep water, farther …
Response Of Plethodon Cinereus To Chemical Cues From Different Numbers Of Conspecifics, Loren M. Hurst, Geoffrey R. Smith
Response Of Plethodon Cinereus To Chemical Cues From Different Numbers Of Conspecifics, Loren M. Hurst, Geoffrey R. Smith
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Nomenclatural Innovations In Neotropical Salicaeeae, Mac H. Alford
Nomenclatural Innovations In Neotropical Salicaeeae, Mac H. Alford
Faculty Publications
Macrothumia M. H. Alford is described as a new genus of Salicaceae based on Neosprucea kuhlmannii Steamer from Brazil. The deciduous perianth, papillate leaf teeth, presence of receptacular disk glands, and analyses of plastid DNA data Suggest that the new genus is more closely related to Ahernia Merrill and Pleuranthodendron. L. O. Williams than to Banara Aublet or Neosprucea Sleuruer. The monotypic genus Aphaerema Miers of Brazil and Argentina is transferred to Abatia Ruiz & Pavon, based on analyses of plastid DNA sequences and on the lack of morphological discontinuities between the genera. Because the name Abatia spicata (Turczaninow) …