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- CORT-fitness (1)
- Captive study (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Chickadees Faced With Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves But Certain Components Of Their Immune Function Decline, Emily A. Cornelius, François Vézina, Lyette Regimbald, Fanny Hallot, Magali Petit, Oliver P. Love
Chickadees Faced With Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves But Certain Components Of Their Immune Function Decline, Emily A. Cornelius, François Vézina, Lyette Regimbald, Fanny Hallot, Magali Petit, Oliver P. Love
Biological Sciences Publications
In winter, temperate resident birds are often faced with periodic low natural food availability. This reduction or unpredictability in resource availability might then have a negative impact on immune function, given that immune system support is highly resource dependent. We investigated the balance between energetic and immune management in captive black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilus) by manipulating the predictability of resources. The control group received food ad lib. every day, while the experimental group received a reduced amount of food on random days and food ad lib. on all other days. We measured two key metrics of energetic management (body and …
Conservation Implications Of A Lack Of Relationship Between Baseline Glucocorticoids And Fitness In A Wild Passerine, Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love
Conservation Implications Of A Lack Of Relationship Between Baseline Glucocorticoids And Fitness In A Wild Passerine, Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love
Integrative Biology Publications
The application of physiological measures to conservation monitoring has been gaining momentum and, while a suite of physiological traits are available to ascertain disturbance and condition in wildlife populations, glucocorticoids (i.e., GCs; cortisol and corticosterone) are the most heavily employed. The interpretation of GC levels as sensitive indicators of population change necessitates that GCs and metrics of population persistence are linked. However, the relationship between GCs and fitness may be highly context-dependent, changing direction, or significance, depending on the GC measure, fitness metric, life history stage, or other intrinsic and extrinsic contexts considered. We examined the relationship between baseline plasma …
Energetic Physiology Mediates Individual Optimization Of Breeding Phenology In A Migratory Arctic Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Jöel Bêty, Pierre Legagneux, H. Grant Gilchrist, Tony D. Williams, Oliver P. Love
Energetic Physiology Mediates Individual Optimization Of Breeding Phenology In A Migratory Arctic Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Jöel Bêty, Pierre Legagneux, H. Grant Gilchrist, Tony D. Williams, Oliver P. Love
Integrative Biology Publications
The influence of variation in individual state on key reproductive decisions impacting fitness is well appreciated in evolutionary ecology. Rowe et al. (1994) developed a condition-dependent individual optimization model predicting that three key factors impact the ability of migratory female birds to individually optimize breeding phenology tomaximize fitness in seasonal environments: arrival condition, arrival date, and ability to gain in condition on the breeding grounds. While empirical studies have confirmed that greater arrival body mass and earlier arrival dates result in earlier laying, no study has assessed whether individual variation in energetic management of condition gain effects this key fitness-related …
Haematocrit, Eggshell Colouration And Sexual Signaling In The European Starling (Sturnus Vulgaris), Raime B. Fronstin, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Julian K. Christians
Haematocrit, Eggshell Colouration And Sexual Signaling In The European Starling (Sturnus Vulgaris), Raime B. Fronstin, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Julian K. Christians
Biological Sciences Publications
One hypothesis to explain the blue–green colour of the eggs of many bird species is that it is a sexually-selected signal of the laying female’s quality, which males use to determine their investment. This hypothesis requires that eggshell pigmentation carries a cost or is otherwise linked to female quality. One potential cost is that biliverdin, a haem derivative and the pigment responsible for eggshell colouration, is limiting. To assess this potential cost, we attempted to manipulate haematocrit and haemoglobin in free-living European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus). Upon collecting unmanipulated first clutches, we treated females with phenylhydrazine (PHZ), a haemolytic agent, …
Activated Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (Tafia) Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Metastatic Behaviors Through Inhibition Of Plasminogen Activation And Extracellular Proteolysis, Zainab Ali Bazzi, Danielle Lanoue, Mouhanned El-Youssef, Rocco Romagnuolo, Janice Tubman, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Lisa A. Porter, Michael B. Boffa
Activated Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (Tafia) Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Metastatic Behaviors Through Inhibition Of Plasminogen Activation And Extracellular Proteolysis, Zainab Ali Bazzi, Danielle Lanoue, Mouhanned El-Youssef, Rocco Romagnuolo, Janice Tubman, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Lisa A. Porter, Michael B. Boffa
Biological Sciences Publications
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma zymogen, which can be converted to activated TAFI (TAFIa) through proteolytic cleavage by thrombin, plasmin, and most effectively thrombin in complex with the endothelial cofactor thrombomodulin (TM). TAFIa is a carboxypeptidase that cleaves carboxyl terminal lysine and arginine residues from protein and peptide substrates, including plasminogen-binding sites on cell surface receptors. Carboxyl terminal lysine residues play a pivotal role in enhancing cell surface plasminogen activation to plasmin. Plasmin has many critical functions including cleaving components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which enhances invasion and migration of cancer cells. We therefore hypothesized that …
Heredity In The Epigenetic Era: Are We Facing A Politics Of Reproductive Obligations?, Michael J. Crawford
Heredity In The Epigenetic Era: Are We Facing A Politics Of Reproductive Obligations?, Michael J. Crawford
Biological Sciences Publications
Recent research in the emerging field of epigenetics has implications with the potential to re-ignite acrimony in the discourse of reproductive rights, medical ethics, and the role of the state in our homes and in our lives. For scientists, epigenetics has profoundly realigned our understanding of heredity: epigenetics provides a mechanism through which the environmental challenges met in one generation can be inscribed and transmitted to future offspring. Although both genetic parents have the potential to transmit heritable epigenetic changes to their offspring, mothers have a particularly potent effect because nutrition in the uterine environment can exert a supplemental effect …
Pathomimetic Cancer Avatars For Live-Cell Imaging Of Protease Activity, Kyungmin Ji, Joshua Heyza, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Bonnie F. Sloane
Pathomimetic Cancer Avatars For Live-Cell Imaging Of Protease Activity, Kyungmin Ji, Joshua Heyza, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Bonnie F. Sloane
Biological Sciences Publications
Proteases are essential for normal physiology as well as multiple diseases, e.g., playing a causative role in cancer progression, including in tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Identification of dynamic alterations in protease activity may allow us to detect early stage cancers and to assess the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Despite the clinical importance of proteases in cancer progression, their functional roles individually and within the context of complex protease networks have not yet been well defined. These gaps in our understanding might be addressed with: 1) accurate and sensitive tools and methods to directly identify changes in protease activities in …
Baseline Glucocorticoids Are Drivers Of Body Mass Gain In A Diving Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Alicia M. Wells-Berlin, Oliver P. Love
Baseline Glucocorticoids Are Drivers Of Body Mass Gain In A Diving Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Alicia M. Wells-Berlin, Oliver P. Love
Integrative Biology Publications
Life-history trade-offs are influenced by variation in individual state, with individuals in better condition often completing life-history stages with greater success. Although resource accrual significantly impacts key life-history decisions such as the timing of reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving resource accumulation. Baseline corticosterone (CORT, the primary avian glucocorticoid) mediates daily and seasonal energetics, responds to changes in food availability, and has been linked to foraging behavior, making it a strong potential driver of individual variation in resource accrual and deposition. Working with a captive colony of white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi), we aimed to causally determine …
Identification, Enumeration And Diversity Of Nitrifying Planktonic Archaea And Bacteria In Trophic End Members Of The Laurentian Great Lakes, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Anirban Ray, Anton F. Post, Robert Michael Mckay, George S. Bullerjahn
Identification, Enumeration And Diversity Of Nitrifying Planktonic Archaea And Bacteria In Trophic End Members Of The Laurentian Great Lakes, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Anirban Ray, Anton F. Post, Robert Michael Mckay, George S. Bullerjahn
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Oligotrophic Lake Superior and mesotrophic Lake Erie are trophic end members of the hydrologically connected Laurentian Great Lakes system, and as such exhibit different profiles of dissolved nitrogen species. Nitrification in Lake Superior has led to increasing nitrate concentrations over the past century, as opposed to Erie, where nitrate inventories have declined due to denitrification. In this study, we examined the abundance and diversity of nitrifying microbes involved in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, and nitrite to nitrate. By in situ hybridization methods, we enumerated the major planktonic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) during a July 2011 …
Latitudinal Variation In Ecological Opportunity And Intraspecific Competition Indicates Differences In Niche Variability And Diet Specialization Of Arctic Marine Predators, David J. Yurkowski, Steven Ferguson, Emily S. Choy, Lisa L. Loseto, Tanya M. Brown, Derek Cg Muir, Christina Ad Semeniuk, Aaron T. Fisk
Latitudinal Variation In Ecological Opportunity And Intraspecific Competition Indicates Differences In Niche Variability And Diet Specialization Of Arctic Marine Predators, David J. Yurkowski, Steven Ferguson, Emily S. Choy, Lisa L. Loseto, Tanya M. Brown, Derek Cg Muir, Christina Ad Semeniuk, Aaron T. Fisk
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Individual specialization (IS), where individuals within populations irrespective of age, sex, and body size are either specialized or generalized in terms of resource use, has implications on ecological niches and food web structure. Niche size and degree of IS of near-top trophic-level marine predators have been little studied in polar regions or with latitude. We quantified the largescale latitudinal variation of population- and individual-level niche size and IS in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on 379 paired ringed seal liver and muscle samples and 124 paired beluga skin and …
Sensory Activation Of Command Cells For Locomotion And Modulatory Mechanisms: Lessons From Lampreys, Gheylen Daghfous, Warren W. Green, Simon T. Alford, Barbara S. Zielinski, Réjean Dubuc
Sensory Activation Of Command Cells For Locomotion And Modulatory Mechanisms: Lessons From Lampreys, Gheylen Daghfous, Warren W. Green, Simon T. Alford, Barbara S. Zielinski, Réjean Dubuc
Biological Sciences Publications
Sensorimotor transformation is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous functions of the central nervous system. Although the general organization of the locomotor neural circuitry is relatively well understood, less is known about its activation by sensory inputs and its modulation. Utilizing the lamprey model, a detailed understanding of sensorimotor integration in vertebrates is emerging. In this article, we explore how the vertebrate central nervous system integrates sensory signals to generate motor behavior by examining the pathways and neural mechanisms involved in the transformation of cutaneous and olfactory inputs into motor output in the lamprey. We then review how 5-HT …
On The Context-Dependent Scaling Of Consumer Feeding Rates, D. Barrios-O'Neill, R. Kelly, J. T.A. Dick, A. Ricciardi, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. C. Emmerson
On The Context-Dependent Scaling Of Consumer Feeding Rates, D. Barrios-O'Neill, R. Kelly, J. T.A. Dick, A. Ricciardi, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. C. Emmerson
Biological Sciences Publications
The stability of consumer-resource systems can depend on the form of feeding interactions (i.e. functional responses). Size-based models predict interactions - and thus stability - based on consumer-resource size ratios. However, little is known about how interaction contexts (e.g. simple or complex habitats) might alter scaling relationships. Addressing this, we experimentally measured interactions between a large size range of aquatic predators (4-6400 mg over 1347 feeding trials) and an invasive prey that transitions among habitats: from the water column (3D interactions) to simple and complex benthic substrates (2D interactions). Simple and complex substrates mediated successive reductions in capture rates - …
Short-Term Fasts Increase Levels Of Halogenated Flame Retardants In Tissues Of A Wild Incubating Bird, S. C. Marteinson, K. G. Drouillard, J. Verreault
Short-Term Fasts Increase Levels Of Halogenated Flame Retardants In Tissues Of A Wild Incubating Bird, S. C. Marteinson, K. G. Drouillard, J. Verreault
Biological Sciences Publications
Many species are adapted for fasting during parts of their life cycle. For species undergoing extreme fasts, lipid stores are mobilized and accumulated contaminants can be released to exert toxicological effects. However, it is unknown if short-term fasting events may have a similar effect. The objective of this study was to determine if short successive fasts are related to contaminant levels in liver and plasma of birds. In ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), both members of the pair alternate between incubating the nest for several hours (during which they fast) and foraging, making them a useful model for examining this question. …
Unpredictable Perturbation Reduces Breeding Propensity Regardless Of Pre-Laying Reproductive Readiness In A Partial Capital Breeder, Pierre Legagneux, Holly L. Hennin, H. Grant Gilchrist, Tony D. Williams, Oliver P. Love, Joël Bêty
Unpredictable Perturbation Reduces Breeding Propensity Regardless Of Pre-Laying Reproductive Readiness In A Partial Capital Breeder, Pierre Legagneux, Holly L. Hennin, H. Grant Gilchrist, Tony D. Williams, Oliver P. Love, Joël Bêty
Biological Sciences Publications
Theoretically, individuals of migratory species should optimize reproductive investment based on a combination of timing of and body condition at arrival on the breeding grounds. A minimum threshold body mass is required to initiate reproduction, and the timing of reaching this threshold is critical because of the trade-off between delaying breeding to gain in condition against the declining value of offspring with later reproductive timing. Long-lived species have the flexibility within their life history to skip reproduction in a given year if they are unable to achieve this theoretical mass threshold. Although the decision to breed or not is an …
Genomic Analysis Of Storage Protein Deficiency In Genetically Related Lines Of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Sudhakar Pandurangan, Marwan Diapari, Fuqiang Yin, Seth Munholland, Gregory E. Perry, Patrick B. Chapman, Shangzhi Huang, Francesca Sparvoli, Roberto Bollini, William L. Crosby, Karl P. Pauls, Frédéric Marsolais
Genomic Analysis Of Storage Protein Deficiency In Genetically Related Lines Of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), Sudhakar Pandurangan, Marwan Diapari, Fuqiang Yin, Seth Munholland, Gregory E. Perry, Patrick B. Chapman, Shangzhi Huang, Francesca Sparvoli, Roberto Bollini, William L. Crosby, Karl P. Pauls, Frédéric Marsolais
Biological Sciences Publications
A series of genetically related lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) integrate a progressive deficiency in major storage proteins, the 7S globulin phaseolin and lectins. SARC1 integrates a lectin-like protein, arcelin-1 from a wild common bean accession. SMARC1N-PN1 is deficient in major lectins, including erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (PHA-E) but not α-amylase inhibitor, and incorporates also a deficiency in phaseolin. SMARC1-PN1 is intermediate and shares the phaseolin deficiency. Sanilac is the parental background. To understand the genomic basis for variations in protein profiles previously determined by proteomics, the genotypes were submitted to short-fragment genome sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2000/2500 platform. …
Oligomerization Of Scftir1 Is Essential For Aux/Iaa Degradation And Auxin Signaling In Arabidopsis, Mohammad H. Dezfulian, Espanta Jalili, Don Karl A. Roberto, Britney L. Moss, Kerry Khoo, Jennifer L. Nemhauser, William L. Crosby
Oligomerization Of Scftir1 Is Essential For Aux/Iaa Degradation And Auxin Signaling In Arabidopsis, Mohammad H. Dezfulian, Espanta Jalili, Don Karl A. Roberto, Britney L. Moss, Kerry Khoo, Jennifer L. Nemhauser, William L. Crosby
Biological Sciences Publications
The phytohormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development. Molecular studies in Arabidopsis have shown that auxin perception and signaling is mediated via TIR1/AFB–Aux/IAA co-receptors that assemble as part of the SCFTIR1/AFB E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex and direct the auxin-regulated degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Despite the importance of auxin signaling, little is known about the functional regulation of the TIR1/AFB receptor family. Here we show that TIR1 can oligomerize in planta via a set of spatially clustered amino acid residues. While none of the residues identified reside in the interaction interface of the TIR1-Aux/IAA degron, they nonetheless …
A Conditioned Behavioral Paradigm For Assessing Onset And Lasting Tinnitus In Rats, Edward Pace, Hao Luo, Michael Bobian, Ajay Panekkad, Xueguo Zhang, Huiming Zhang, Jinsheng Zhang
A Conditioned Behavioral Paradigm For Assessing Onset And Lasting Tinnitus In Rats, Edward Pace, Hao Luo, Michael Bobian, Ajay Panekkad, Xueguo Zhang, Huiming Zhang, Jinsheng Zhang
Biological Sciences Publications
Numerous behavioral paradigms have been developed to assess tinnitus-like behavior in animals. Nevertheless, they are often limited by prolonged training requirements, as well as an inability to simultaneously assess onset and lasting tinnitus behavior, tinnitus pitch or duration, or tinnitus presence without grouping data from multiple animals or testing sessions. To enhance behavioral testing of tinnitus, we developed a conditioned licking suppression paradigm to determine the pitch(s) of both onset and lasting tinnitus-like behavior within individual animals. Rats learned to lick water during broadband or narrowband noises, and to suppress licking to avoid footshocks during silence. After noise exposure, rats …
Anthropogenic Light Is Associated With Increased Vocal Activity By Nocturnally Migrating Birds, Matthew J. Watson, David R. Wilson, Daniel J. Mennill
Anthropogenic Light Is Associated With Increased Vocal Activity By Nocturnally Migrating Birds, Matthew J. Watson, David R. Wilson, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment have profound effects on wild animals, through structural changes to natural ecosystems as well as anthropogenic disturbances such as light and noise. For animals that migrate nocturnally, anthropogenic light can interfere with migration routes, flight altitudes, and social activities that accompany migration, such as acoustic communication. We investigated the effect of anthropogenic light on nocturnal migration of birds through the Great Lakes ecosystem. Specifically, we recorded the vocal activity of migrating birds and compared the number of nocturnal flight calls produced above rural areas with ground-level artificial lights compared to nearby areas without lights. …
Baseline Glucocorticoids Are Drivers Of Body Mass Gain In A Diving Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Alicia M. Wells-Berlin, Oliver P. Love
Baseline Glucocorticoids Are Drivers Of Body Mass Gain In A Diving Seabird, Holly L. Hennin, Alicia M. Wells-Berlin, Oliver P. Love
Biological Sciences Publications
Life‐history trade‐offs are influenced by variation in individual state, with individuals in better condition often completing life‐history stages with greater success. Although resource accrual significantly impacts key life‐history decisions such as the timing of reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving resource accumulation. Baseline corticosterone (CORT, the primary avian glucocorticoid) mediates daily and seasonal energetics, responds to changes in food availability, and has been linked to foraging behavior, making it a strong potential driver of individual variation in resource accrual and deposition. Working with a captive colony of white‐winged scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi), we aimed to causally determine …
Bias In Research Grant Evaluation Has Dire Consequences For Small Universities, Dennis L. Murray, Douglas Morris, Claude Lavoie, Peter R. Leavitt, Hugh J. Macisaac, Michael E.J. Masson, Marc-Andre Villard
Bias In Research Grant Evaluation Has Dire Consequences For Small Universities, Dennis L. Murray, Douglas Morris, Claude Lavoie, Peter R. Leavitt, Hugh J. Macisaac, Michael E.J. Masson, Marc-Andre Villard
Biological Sciences Publications
Federal funding for basic scientific research is the cornerstone of societal progress, economy, health and well-being. There is a direct relationship between financial investment in science and a nation’s scientific discoveries, making it a priority for governments to distribute public funding appropriately in support of the best science. However, research grant proposal success rate and funding level can be skewed toward certain groups of applicants, and such skew may be driven by systemic bias arising during grant proposal evaluation and scoring. Policies to best redress this problem are not well established. Here, we show that funding success and grant amounts …
Confronting The Wicked Problem Of Managing Biological Invasions, Darragh J. Woodford, David M. Richardson, Hugh J. Macisaac, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Brian W. Van Wilgen, John R.U. Wilson, Olaf L.F. Weyl
Confronting The Wicked Problem Of Managing Biological Invasions, Darragh J. Woodford, David M. Richardson, Hugh J. Macisaac, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Brian W. Van Wilgen, John R.U. Wilson, Olaf L.F. Weyl
Biological Sciences Publications
The Anthropocene Epoch is characterized by novel and increasingly complex dependencies between the environment and human civilization, with many challenges of biodiversity management emerging as wicked problems. Problems arising from the management of biological invasions can be either tame (with simple or obvious solutions) or wicked, where difficulty in appropriately defining the problem can make complete solutions impossible to find. We review four case studies that reflect the main goals in the management of biological invasions – prevention, eradication, and impact reduction – assessing the drivers and extent of wickedness in each. We find that a disconnect between the perception …
Conservation Implications Of A Lack Of Relationship Between Baseline Glucocorticoids And Fitness In A Wild Passerine, Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love
Conservation Implications Of A Lack Of Relationship Between Baseline Glucocorticoids And Fitness In A Wild Passerine, Christine L. Madliger, Oliver P. Love
Biological Sciences Publications
The application of physiological measures to conservation monitoring has been gaining momentum and, while a suite of physiological traits are available to ascertain disturbance and condition in wildlife populations, glucocorticoids (i.e., GCs; cortisol and corticosterone) are the most heavily employed. The interpretation of GC levels as sensitive indicators of population change necessitates that GCs and metrics of population persistence are linked. However, the relationship between GCs and fitness may be highly context-dependent, changing direction, or significance, depending on the GC measure, fitness metric, life history stage, or other intrinsic and extrinsic contexts considered. We examined the relationship between baseline plasma …
Distinct And Overlapping Requirements For Cyclins A, B, And B3 In Drosophila Female Meiosis, Mohammed Bourouh, Rajdeep Dhaliwal, Ketki Rana, Sinha Sucheta, Zhihao Guo, Andrew Swan
Distinct And Overlapping Requirements For Cyclins A, B, And B3 In Drosophila Female Meiosis, Mohammed Bourouh, Rajdeep Dhaliwal, Ketki Rana, Sinha Sucheta, Zhihao Guo, Andrew Swan
Biological Sciences Publications
Meiosis, like mitosis, depends on the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk1 and its cyclin partners. Here, we examine the specific requirements for the three mitotic cyclins, A, B, and B3 in meiosis of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that all three cyclins contribute redundantly to nuclear envelope breakdown, though cyclin A appears to make the most important individual contribution. Cyclin A is also required for biorientation of homologs in meiosis I. Cyclin B3, as previously reported, is required for anaphase progression in meiosis I and in meiosis II. We find that it also plays a redundant role, with cyclin …
Interplanar Coupling-Dependent Magnetoresistivity In High-Purity Layered Metals, N. Kikugawa, P. Goswami, Kiswandhi, A. Kiswandhi, A., E. S. Choi, D. Graf, R. E. Baumbach, J. S. Brooks, K. Sugii, Y. Iida, M. Nishio, S. Uji, T. Terashima, P. M.C. Rourke, N. E. Hussey, H. Takatsu, S. Yonezawa, Y. Maeno, L. Balicas
Interplanar Coupling-Dependent Magnetoresistivity In High-Purity Layered Metals, N. Kikugawa, P. Goswami, Kiswandhi, A. Kiswandhi, A., E. S. Choi, D. Graf, R. E. Baumbach, J. S. Brooks, K. Sugii, Y. Iida, M. Nishio, S. Uji, T. Terashima, P. M.C. Rourke, N. E. Hussey, H. Takatsu, S. Yonezawa, Y. Maeno, L. Balicas
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Kin-Aggregations Explain Chaotic Genetic Patchiness, A Commonly Observed Genetic Pattern, In A Marine Fish, Jason D. Selwyn, J. Derek Hogan, Alan M. Downey-Wall, Lauren M. Gurski, David S. Portnoy, Daniel D. Heath
Kin-Aggregations Explain Chaotic Genetic Patchiness, A Commonly Observed Genetic Pattern, In A Marine Fish, Jason D. Selwyn, J. Derek Hogan, Alan M. Downey-Wall, Lauren M. Gurski, David S. Portnoy, Daniel D. Heath
Biological Sciences Publications
The phenomenon of chaotic genetic patchiness is a pattern commonly seen in marine organisms, particularly those with demersal adults and pelagic larvae. This pattern is usually associated with sweepstakes recruitment and variable reproductive success. Here we investigate the biological underpinnings of this pattern in a species of marine goby Coryphopterus personatus. We find that populations of this species show tell-tale signs of chaotic genetic patchiness including: small, but significant, differences in genetic structure over short distances; a non-equilibrium or “chaotic” pattern of differentiation among locations in space; and within locus, within population deviations from the expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). …
Latitudinal Variation In Ecological Opportunity And Intraspecific Competition Indicates Differences In Niche Variability And Diet Specialization Of Arctic Marine Predators, David J. J. Yurkowski, Steve Ferguson, Emily S. Choy, Lisa L. Loseto, Tanya . M. Brown, Derek C.G. Muir, Christina A. D. Semeniuk, Aaron T. Fisk
Latitudinal Variation In Ecological Opportunity And Intraspecific Competition Indicates Differences In Niche Variability And Diet Specialization Of Arctic Marine Predators, David J. J. Yurkowski, Steve Ferguson, Emily S. Choy, Lisa L. Loseto, Tanya . M. Brown, Derek C.G. Muir, Christina A. D. Semeniuk, Aaron T. Fisk
Biological Sciences Publications
Individual specialization (IS), where individuals within populations irrespective of age, sex, and body size are either specialized or generalized in terms of resource use, has implications on ecological niches and food web structure. Niche size and degree of IS of near‐top trophic‐level marine predators have been little studied in polar regions or with latitude. We quantified the large‐scale latitudinal variation of population‐ and individual‐level niche size and IS in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on 379 paired ringed seal liver and muscle samples and 124 paired beluga skin and …
Population Attenuation In Zooplankton Communities During Transoceanic Transfer In Ballast Water, Sara Ghabooli, Aibin Zhan, Esteban Paolucci, Marco Hernandez, Elizabeta Briski, Melania E. Cristescu, Hugh J. Macisaac
Population Attenuation In Zooplankton Communities During Transoceanic Transfer In Ballast Water, Sara Ghabooli, Aibin Zhan, Esteban Paolucci, Marco Hernandez, Elizabeta Briski, Melania E. Cristescu, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Successful biological invasion requires introduction of a viable population of a nonindigenous species (NIS). Rarely have ecologists assessed changes in populations while entrained in invasion pathways. Here, we investigate how zooplankton communities resident in ballast water change during transoceanic voyages. We used next-generation sequencing technology to sequence a nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA fragment of zooplankton from ballast water during initial, middle, and final segments as a vessel transited between Canada and Brazil. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversity decreased as voyage duration increased, indicating loss of community-based genetic diversity and development of bottlenecks for zooplankton taxa prior to discharge of …
Possible Ballast Water Transfer Of Lionfish To The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Hugh J. Maclsaac, Emma M. De Roy, Brian Leung, Alice Grgicak-Mannion, Gregory M. Ruiz
Possible Ballast Water Transfer Of Lionfish To The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Hugh J. Maclsaac, Emma M. De Roy, Brian Leung, Alice Grgicak-Mannion, Gregory M. Ruiz
Biological Sciences Publications
The Indo-Pacific Red Lionfish was first reported off the Florida coast in 1985, following which it has spread across much of the SE USA, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Lionfish negatively impact fish and invertebrate assemblages and abundances, thus further spread is cause for concern. To date, the fish has not been reported on the Pacific coast of North or Central America. Here we examine the possibility of ballast water transfer of lionfish from colonized areas in the Atlantic Ocean to USA ports on the Pacific coast. Over an eight-year period, we documented 27 commercial vessel-trips in which ballast …
Quantifying Ontogenetic Stable Isotope Variation Between Dermis And Muscle Tissue Of Two Pelagic Sharks, Y. Li, N. E. Hussey, Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.
Quantifying Ontogenetic Stable Isotope Variation Between Dermis And Muscle Tissue Of Two Pelagic Sharks, Y. Li, N. E. Hussey, Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Role Of Securin, Separase And Cohesins In Female Meiosis And Polar Body Formation In Drosophila, Zhihao Guo, Osamah Batiha, Mohammed Bourouh, Eric Fifield, Andrew Swan
Role Of Securin, Separase And Cohesins In Female Meiosis And Polar Body Formation In Drosophila, Zhihao Guo, Osamah Batiha, Mohammed Bourouh, Eric Fifield, Andrew Swan
Biological Sciences Publications
Chromosome segregation in meiosis is controlled by a conserved pathway that culminates in Separase-mediated cleavage of the α-kleisin Rec8, leading to dissolution of cohesin rings. Drosophila has no gene encoding Rec8, and the absence of a known Separase target raises the question of whether Separase and its regulator Securin (Pim in Drosophila) are important in Drosophila meiosis. Here, we investigate the role of Securin, Separase and the cohesin complex in female meiosis using fluorescence in situ hybridization against centromeric and arm-specific sequences to monitor cohesion. We show that Securin destruction and Separase activity are required for timely release of arm …