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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dihydrosterculate In Tobacco Transformed With Bacterial Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase, Katherine Schmid
Dihydrosterculate In Tobacco Transformed With Bacterial Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase, Katherine Schmid
Katherine Schmid
Many gram negative bacteria accumulate cyclopropane fatty acids (CPFAs) in their membranes during stationary phase. In plants, on the other hand, CPFAs are best known as constituents of certain seed oils. CPFAs make up around 40% of Litchi chinensis seed oil [1] and a significant proportion of oils from other Sapindales. In order Malvales, small amounts of CPFA typically accompany cyclopropene fatty acids in seed oils, although up to 5% CPFA has been observed in the polar lipid fraction from Malvaceous roots [2]. Genetic engineering of oilseeds for unusual fatty acid production requires that the introduced fatty acids accumulate in …
Effects Of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids On Fungal Growth And Lipid Composition, Katherine Schmid, Glenn Patterson
Effects Of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids On Fungal Growth And Lipid Composition, Katherine Schmid, Glenn Patterson
Katherine Schmid
Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE) isolated fromSterculia foetida oil by urea clathration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were introduced into fungal cultures. Stearate levels in phospholipids and triacylglycerols fromUstilago maydis sporidia rose considerably in response to 30 μM CPE. In addition, CPE themselves were incorporated into glycerolipid fractions. Sterol composition was unaffected. Changes in lipid composition were accompanied by inhibition of dry weight accumulation and sporidial number. Treated sporidia showed irregular wall deposition and a branched morphology. Oleate alleviated CPE effects on growth and morphology. Hyphal extension byRhizoctonia solani was inhibited somewhat by 30 μM sterculate, whileFusarium oxysporum …
Clinical Light Exposure, Photoreceptor Degeneration, And Ap-1 Activation: A Cell Death Or Cell Survival Signal In The Rhodopsin Mutant Retina?, Danian Gu, William Beltran, Zexiao Li, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Clinical Light Exposure, Photoreceptor Degeneration, And Ap-1 Activation: A Cell Death Or Cell Survival Signal In The Rhodopsin Mutant Retina?, Danian Gu, William Beltran, Zexiao Li, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD
PURPOSE. The T4R RHO mutant dog retina shows retinal degeneration with exposures to light comparable to those used in clinical eye examinations of patients. To define the molecular mechanisms of the degeneration, AP-1 DNA-binding activity, composition, posttranslational modification of the protein complex, and modulation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathways were examined in light-exposed mutant retinas. METHODS. Dark-adapted retinas were exposed to short-duration light flashes from a retinal camera used clinically for retinal photography and were collected at different time points after exposure. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), supershift EMSA, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry were used to examine AP-1 signaling. RESULTS. …
Bestrophin Gene Mutations Cause Canine Multifocal Retinopathy: A Novel Animal Model For Best Disease, Karina E. Guziewicz, Barbara Zangerl, Sarah J. Lindauer, Robert F. Mullins, Lynne S. Sandmeyer, Bruce H. Grahn, Edwin M. Stone, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Bestrophin Gene Mutations Cause Canine Multifocal Retinopathy: A Novel Animal Model For Best Disease, Karina E. Guziewicz, Barbara Zangerl, Sarah J. Lindauer, Robert F. Mullins, Lynne S. Sandmeyer, Bruce H. Grahn, Edwin M. Stone, Gregory M. Acland, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD
PURPOSE. Canine multifocal retinopathy (cmr) is an autosomal recessive disorder of multiple dog breeds. The disease shares a number of clinical and pathologic similarities with Best macular dystrophy (BMD), and cmr is proposed as a new large animal model for Best disease. METHODS. cmr was characterized by ophthalmoscopy and histopathology and compared with BMD-affected patients. BEST1 (alias VMD2), the bestrophin gene causally associated with BMD, was evaluated in the dog. Canine ortholog cDNA sequence was cloned and verified using RPE/choroid 5′- and 3′-RACE. Expression of the canine gene transcripts and protein was analyzed by Northern and Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. …
Characterization And Structure Of A Zn2+ And [2fe-2s]-Containing Copper Chaperone From Archaeoglobus Fulgidus, Matthew Sazinsky, Benjamin Lemoine, Maria Orofino, Roman Davydov, Krisztina Bencze, Timothy Stemmler, Brian Hoffman, José Argüello, Amy Rosenzweig
Characterization And Structure Of A Zn2+ And [2fe-2s]-Containing Copper Chaperone From Archaeoglobus Fulgidus, Matthew Sazinsky, Benjamin Lemoine, Maria Orofino, Roman Davydov, Krisztina Bencze, Timothy Stemmler, Brian Hoffman, José Argüello, Amy Rosenzweig
José M. Argüello
Bacterial CopZ proteins deliver copper to P1B-type Cu+-ATPases that are homologous to the human Wilson and Menkes disease proteins. The genome of the hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus encodes a putative CopZ copper chaperone that contains an unusual cysteine rich N-terminal domain of 130 amino acids in addition to a C-terminal copper-binding domain with a conserved CXXC motif. The N-terminal domain (CopZ-NT) is homologous to proteins found only in extremophiles and is the only such protein that is fused to a copper chaperone. Surprisingly, optical, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopic data indicate the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in CopZ-NT. …
Allosteric Inhibition Of A Stem Cell Rna-Binding Protein By An Intermediary Metabolite, Carina Clingman, Laura Deveau, Samantha Hay, Ryan Genga, Shivender Shandilya, Francesca Massi, Sean Ryder
Allosteric Inhibition Of A Stem Cell Rna-Binding Protein By An Intermediary Metabolite, Carina Clingman, Laura Deveau, Samantha Hay, Ryan Genga, Shivender Shandilya, Francesca Massi, Sean Ryder
Sean P. Ryder
Gene expression and metabolism are coupled at numerous levels. Cells must sense and respond to nutrients in their environment, and specialized cells must synthesize metabolic products required for their function. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of specialized cells. How metabolic state contributes to stem cell differentiation is not understood. In this study, we show that RNA-binding by the stem cell translation regulator Musashi-1 (MSI1) is allosterically inhibited by 18-22 carbon omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid binds to the N-terminal RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) and induces a conformational change that prevents RNA …
“Analyze, Acquire, Apply, And Write” As A New Learning Model In Science, Jeong Choe
“Analyze, Acquire, Apply, And Write” As A New Learning Model In Science, Jeong Choe
Jeong Choe
I have developed a new teaching and learning model called AAAW, which stand for Analyze, Acquire, Apply and Write. This model grows from action research and unique experience in teaching a biochemistry course to high school students who are talented in math and science. In this model, students first "Analyze" lab data to generate questions that lead them to "Acquire" background knowledge. Students then go back to the data and "Apply" their new knowledge to better understand the data. Finally, students "Write" about the connections they make from their reading, data analysis, and application of the data. The rationale behind …
Thermal Conductivity Of Bovine Serum Albumin: A Tool To Probe Denaturation Of Protein, Byoung Kyoo Park, Namwoo Yi, Jaesung Park, Tae Y. Choi, Jin Young Lee, Ahmed Busnaina, Dongsik Kim
Thermal Conductivity Of Bovine Serum Albumin: A Tool To Probe Denaturation Of Protein, Byoung Kyoo Park, Namwoo Yi, Jaesung Park, Tae Y. Choi, Jin Young Lee, Ahmed Busnaina, Dongsik Kim
Ahmed A. Busnaina
We demonstrate a strong correlation between denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the thermal conductivity k of aqueous solutions of BSA. When denaturation of BSA began, k dropped significantly. These results suggest that k, i.e., the ability of a protein to transport passively applied thermal energy, can be exploited to probe the conformational dynamics of BSA and potentially of other proteins. The technique of protein analysis demonstrated in this work is expected to be useful in micro-total-analysis systems because it is easier to miniaturize and to integrate into a device than is conventional differential scanning calorimetry analysis.