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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Atpase Regulation In The Maltose Transporter, Alister D. Gould
Atpase Regulation In The Maltose Transporter, Alister D. Gould
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis investigates the mechanism of activity-coupling in the maltose transporter of Escherichia coli (MalFGK2); the way ATP hydrolysis is prevented in the absence of maltose, and then enabled to drive maltose transport. Like other ATP binding cassette importers, MalFGK2 requires substrate to be presented by a peripheral substrate-binding protein, in this case the maltose binding protein (MBP). MBP predominantly adopts an ‘open’ resting state, but undergoes a rotation of its two domains to a ‘closed’ state after maltose binding. In the closed state MBP is able to activate MalFGK2 to stimulate ATP hydrolysis and maltose …
Structural Characterization Of Hip2 Enzyme Interactions In Ubiquitination, Benjamin W. Cook
Structural Characterization Of Hip2 Enzyme Interactions In Ubiquitination, Benjamin W. Cook
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The ubiquitin proteolysis pathway utilizes three enzymes, an E1 activating enzyme, an E2 conjugating enzyme and an E3 ligating enzyme, to respectively activate, transfer and ligate ubiquitin (Ub) onto a substrate protein. The creation of a K48-linked poly-Ub chain on a substrate will target this protein to be degraded by the 26S proteosome. E2 conjugating enzymes are central proteins in this pathway and interact with the E1 and E3 enzymes to perform Ub transfer. The mechanism by which Ub molecules are interconnected remains poorly understood. The E2 enzymes HIP2 and Ubc1 have been shown to create poly-Ub chains in the …
Structure-Function Analysis Of Enzymes Of The Polyisoprenyl-Phosphate Hexose-1-Phosphate Transferase Family, Kinnari B. Patel
Structure-Function Analysis Of Enzymes Of The Polyisoprenyl-Phosphate Hexose-1-Phosphate Transferase Family, Kinnari B. Patel
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Enzymes of the polyisoprenyl-phosphate hexose-1-phosphate transferase (PHPT) family are integral membrane proteins that initiate the synthesis of glycans by catalyzing the transfer of a hexose-1-phosphate sugar from UDP-hexose to the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P). These glycans such as O antigen and exopolysaccharide (EPS) provide bacteria with protection and adaptation to the environment and host immune factors. The role of PHPT proteins in initiation and the absence of any eukaryotic homologues make them an attractive target for novel antimicrobials; however study of these proteins is difficult due to the presence of multiple transmembrane helices. A requirement of the C-terminal domain …
Mitochondrial Metabolic Suppression And Reactive Oxygen Species Production During Hypometabolism In Mammals, Jason Cl Brown
Mitochondrial Metabolic Suppression And Reactive Oxygen Species Production During Hypometabolism In Mammals, Jason Cl Brown
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
During hibernation, daily torpor, and fasting, mammals reduce metabolic rate (MR) up to 99%, 95%, and 30%, respectively, compared to resting levels. Mitochondrial metabolic suppression likely contributes to this MR reduction, and the first objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of active, regulated inhibition and passive thermal effects as body temperature (Tb) falls, to mitochondrial metabolic suppression, and to examine the mechanisms involved using top-down elasticity analysis and novel statistical approach. The second objective of this study was to determine how mitochondrial metabolic suppression affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a topic which …
Regulation Of G Protein Signaling By Goloco Motif Containing Proteins, Peishen Zhao
Regulation Of G Protein Signaling By Goloco Motif Containing Proteins, Peishen Zhao
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins in response to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors plays a central aspect in how cells integrate extracellular stimuli and produce biological responses. In addition to receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, during the last few decades, accessory proteins have been found to regulate G protein activity via different mechanisms. Several proteins have been identified that contain multiple G protein regulatory domains. Using various molecular and biochemical approaches, we have characterized the effects of two such proteins, G18 and RGS14, on G protein activity. Both proteins contain a second G protein binding domain in addition to …
Dissecting The Molecular Role Of Distinct Binding Interfaces On The Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor In Growth Control And Tumorigenesis., Matthew J. Cecchini
Dissecting The Molecular Role Of Distinct Binding Interfaces On The Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor In Growth Control And Tumorigenesis., Matthew J. Cecchini
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) functions to maintain proliferative control and act as a barrier to tumorigenesis. pRB is capable of regulating E2F transcription factors to mediate control of proliferation through transcriptional regulation of S-phase target gene expression. In addition, pRB can stabilize the CDK inhibitor p27 through an interaction with two ubiquitin ligase complexes. Further, pRB is capable of forming a unique interaction with E2F1 termed the ‘specific’ interaction that is capable of blocking E2F1 induced apoptosis. These functions of pRB are mediated by distinct binding interfaces and their contributions to the overall functionality of pRB are not …
Transactivation By Human Adenovirus Early Region 1a-Conserved Region Three, Jailal Ng Ablack
Transactivation By Human Adenovirus Early Region 1a-Conserved Region Three, Jailal Ng Ablack
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
One of the critical functions of human adenovirus (hAd) early region 1A (E1A) protein is to activate transcription of the early viral genes. The largest isoform of E1A contains a unique region termed conserved region 3 (CR3), which includes a Cysteine-4 (C4) zinc finger domain. This region activates viral gene expression by interacting with and recruiting cellular transcription machinery to the regulatory regions of early viral genes. Although this process has been studied at length with hAd type 5 E1A, far less is known about how the E1A proteins from other hAd types activate transcription. There are dramatic differences in …