Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Amygdala (2)
- Dopamine (2)
- Anticipatory anxiety (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (1)
-
- Behavior (1)
- Blocking (1)
- Child development (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental Delay (1)
- Electrodermal activity (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Epigenesis (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Estrous (1)
- FMRI (1)
- FOXP1 (1)
- Fear extinction learning (1)
- Fear learning (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Intellectual Disability (1)
- Kinases (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide (1)
- MeCP2 (1)
- Microglia (1)
- Neuroinflammation (1)
- Novel Object Paradigm (1)
- Open Field Test (1)
Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Contributions Of Reward Identity And Time Prediction Errors To Pavlovian Learning, Daniel B. Siegel
Contributions Of Reward Identity And Time Prediction Errors To Pavlovian Learning, Daniel B. Siegel
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Some models of associative learning attempt to explain effects such as blocking and unblocking as reflecting a prediction error (PE): Associative strength, and thereby learning, are said to be greater when the unconditioned stimulus (US) received following a cue deviates from one’s expectations. Some models of PE-motivated behavior and PE-relevant brain activity represent the US as a single quantitative variable for outcome value, and that learning therefore only occurs when outcome value differs from expectations. There is growing evidence to suggest that changes in other dimensions of reward, such as identity and timing, also contribute to learning. In Experiment 1, …
Estrogen Modulation Of Vta Dopamine Neuron Physiology And Behavioral Responsivity To Variable Social Stressors, Mary R. Shanley
Estrogen Modulation Of Vta Dopamine Neuron Physiology And Behavioral Responsivity To Variable Social Stressors, Mary R. Shanley
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The behavioral output of different animals, or even the same animal in different contexts, is remarkably variable in response to the same external stimulus. This behavioral diversity is due to the complex integration of external and internal stimuli, through both neuronal and hormonal signals that selects the best behavioral response. By their nature as long-distance signaling molecules, hormones play a critical role in communicating information about internal states across the organism. Many hormones produced in the periphery target the central nervous system to modulate animal behavior, selecting for behaviors that are appropriate over behaviors that are maladaptive in that specific …
Early Emotion Regulation In The Children Of Superstorm Sandy, Jessica L. Buthmann
Early Emotion Regulation In The Children Of Superstorm Sandy, Jessica L. Buthmann
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Rising prevalence of childhood psychopathology mandate investigation into the antecedents of symptom onset. Growing evidence shows prenatal maternal stress experienced in utero is a strong contributor to offspring neurodevelopmental deficits, including emotion dysregulation, a core feature of many types of psychopathology. This dissertation summarizes a body of work studying children prenatally exposed to maternal stress related to a natural disaster, Superstorm Sandy (i.e., storm stress). This work includes six experiments conducted in the framework of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. The DOHaD hypothesis posits that developmental disruptions, like storm stress exposure, during a critical period of …
The Effect Of Anticipatory Anxiety On Fear Extinction Learning, Daniela C. Echeverria
The Effect Of Anticipatory Anxiety On Fear Extinction Learning, Daniela C. Echeverria
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Adaptive regulation of fear is dependent on successful fear extinction learning; therefore, investigating factors that both enhance and diminish fear extinction learning is a critical line of research. In the present study, we induce mild anticipatory anxiety during fear extinction learning in an attempt to modulate how participants extinguish fear memory. In the experiment, we apply a classic three-day fear learning protocol to both control participants (N = 20) and an experimental group (N = 20) with fear acquisition, fear extinction, and fear recovery phases; each phase is separated by a period of 24 hours and we use a skin …
Targeting Ampa Receptor Modulation During Early Life Adversity: A Mediator For Threat Associated Memories, Roseanna M. Zanca
Targeting Ampa Receptor Modulation During Early Life Adversity: A Mediator For Threat Associated Memories, Roseanna M. Zanca
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Early life adversity (ELA) is the exposure to a single or to multiple traumatic events before the age of 18 that go beyond the child’s coping. These adverse events are often exacerbated during adolescence particularly when cognitive performance is compromised. Adolescents who experienced ELA may show symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while not vividly recalling the early life trauma. These individuals show atypical connectivity between prefrontal-amygdala and hippocampus, all of which is associated with an increased risk of experiencing a traumatic event again later in life. While clinical research has increasingly stressed the importance in addressing the long-lasting consequences …
The Role Of Placental Genes On Intellectual Disability And Developmental Delay, Maedot A. Yidenk
The Role Of Placental Genes On Intellectual Disability And Developmental Delay, Maedot A. Yidenk
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The complex interaction between gene expressions and environmental factors plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodevelopmental disorders (Lenroot & Giedd, 2008). This study aimed to evaluate first, the magnitude of association between placental gene Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) and intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring and second, the synergy between placental gene Forkhead box protein 1(FOXP1) and developmental delay (DD) in the offspring. We focused on assessing two specific paradigms, i) placental gene expressions of MeCP2 among children that have ID vs. children without ID; and ii) placental gene expression of …
Circuits Underlying Serotonin Mediated Sex Differences In Fear Learning, Rebecca Ravenelle
Circuits Underlying Serotonin Mediated Sex Differences In Fear Learning, Rebecca Ravenelle
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder characterized by intense fearful memory formation. Women are twice as likely as men to develop PTSD, indicating there may be sex differences in the underlying neural circuits. Given that serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction is implicated in PTSD, and 5-HT modulates fear learning, we investigated whether there are sex differences in the modulation of fear learning by 5-HT. We administered the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (20mg/kg or 10m/kg, i.p.) once to male and female mice prior to auditory fear conditioning and tested the effects on fear memory the next day. We found …
Cognitive Changes Caused By Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation, Nancy De La Torre
Cognitive Changes Caused By Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation, Nancy De La Torre
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The brain performs cognitive processes finely orchestrated by timely precise action of neurons. Neurons functioning at their highest standard communicate with each other through perfectly functioning synapses. Microglia, as part of the immune system assist synaptic processing and have the ability to affect cognition. Indeed, microglia play a role in cognition. To investigate the link between microglia and cognition we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pharmacologically activate microglia. LPS, normally present in the environment on the wall of Gram-negative bacteria is a pharmacological agent used to cause microglia activation in mice. LPS is a typical model to study changes induced by …