Life Sciences Commons^™

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity, Oocyst Sporulation Rate, Oocyst Integrity And Oocyst Infectivity In Eimeria Maxima M6 Oocyst Suspensions Treated With Chlorhexidine Salts In Comparison With Potassium Dichromate, Lauren Laverty

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Eimeria species oocysts cause coccidiosis, one of the costliest diseases in the poultry industry. Coccidiosis infections cause significant economic losses due to reduced performance in chickens and turkeys. The objective of this thesis was to determine fecal bacterial recovery from chlorhexidine (CHX) salt suspensions containing Eimeria maxima M6 oocysts and evaluate the effect of CHX salts on oocysts during long-term cold storage. For bacterial recovery experiments, CHX digluconate and CHX gluconate were tested at different concentrations on poultry fecal slurries during oocyst shedding. Eimeria maxima M6 oocysts were evaluated in CHX salt suspensions to test the effect on oocyst degradation …

Rectal Temperature And Respiration Rate As Indicators Of Heat Stress In Broiler Chickens Subjected To Early-Age Thermal Conditioning And Vitamin C Supplementation, Zoran Ruzic, Zdenko Kanacki, Slobodan Stojanovic, Zorana Kovacevic, Slobodan Knezevic, Srdan Todorovic, Smiljana Paras

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

One of the major concerns in poultry production presents heat stress (HS) and it is followed by significant economic loss manifested by reduced growth, decreased immune response, increased mortality, etc. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the early-age thermal conditioning (ETC) and vitamin C (Vit.C) treatments, individually and in combination, produce their beneficial effects through increased heat release manifested as a change in respiration rate consequentially leading to a decrease in the chicken's body temperature and thus reduce the harmful effects of HS. A 400 broiler chicks mixed sex male and female were split into four groups. …

Evaluation Of Essential Oil Products On Performance, Intestinal Permeability, Bone Mineralization, And Oxidative Stress Parameters On Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions, Jared Ruff

Poultry Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

The goal of this study was to show how dietary supplementation of three different formulations of essential oils (EO) affected the performance of broiler chickens during heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks (n = 500) were randomly divided into four groups: 1. HS control + control diets; 2. HS + control meals supplemented with 37 ppm EO of Lippia origanoides (LO); 3. HS + control diets supplemented with 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm EO of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) + 300 ppm red beetroot; 4. HS + 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm RO + 300 ppm natural betaine. …

Transcriptome Analysis And Expression Of Selected Cationic Amino Acid Transporters In The Liver Of Broiler Chicken Fed Diets With Varying Concentrations Of Lysine, Collins N. Khwatenge, Boniface M. Kimathi, Samuel N. Nahashon

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Amino acids are known to play a key role in gene expression regulation. Amino acid signaling is mediated via two pathways: the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the amino acid responsive (AAR) pathways. Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) are crucial in these pathways due to their sensing, signaling and transport functions. The availability of certain amino acids plays a key role in the intake of other amino acids, hence affecting growth in young birds. However, the specific mechanism for regulating lysine transport for growth is not clear. In this study, we analyze the transcriptome profiles and mRNA …

Changes In Serum Biochemical And Lipid Profile, And Fatty Acid Composition Of Breast Meat Of Broiler Chickens Fed Supplemental Grape Seed Extract, Özlem Karadağoğlu, Tarkan Şahi̇n, Mükremi̇n Ölmez, Akin Yakan, Bülent Özsoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A study was conducted to evaluate the changes in serum biochemical and lipid profile, and fatty acid composition of breast meat of broiler chickens fed supplemental grape seed extract (GSE). A total of 240 1-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each consisting of 4 replicate pens having 15 birds/replicate pen. One group served as control group fed basal diets and other groups received 100, 200, and 400 ppm GSE supplemented to the basal diets. Liver weight was greater in broilers fed 200 ppm GSE compared to the other groups (P = 0.004, L = 0.024, C …

Metabolizable Energy Determination In Broiler Chickens, Andrew E. Dunaway

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Feed accounts for the highest cost associated in poultry production, with energy-containing feedstuffs being the most expensive portion of the cost of feeding. The increasing demand for poultry meat gives reason to determine accurate apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values for various feedstuff through measuring energy utilization in the birds. The adaptation length of birds fed an experimental diet may affect the determined AME value due to the diet matrix and physiochemical properties of the feedstuff. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate a select group of energy-containing feedstuff with different diets and with factors such as coccidia challenge …

The Effects Of Dietary Biotechnological Products Of Saccharomices Cerevisiae On Growth Performance, Health Status, And Meat Composition In Broiler Chickens, Ionel Toader, Mihai Iacob Bentea, Ilie Cornoiu, Otilia Bobis

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of three biotechnological products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (organic selenium, concentrated mannan of S. cerevisiae, and living cells of the same yeast) used in broiler diet on growth performance, health status, and meat quality and composition. One hundred day-old broiler chickens were divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups using the above-mentioned diet supplements) and fed basic feed mixture (developed by the Nutrition Department at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for 42 days. After this period, from each group, five birds were sacrificed and …

The Effect Of Using Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) In Broiler Nutrition On Production Parameters, Slaughter Characteristics, And Gut Microbiological Population, Veselin Petricevic, Milos Lukic, Zdenka Skrbic, Simeon Rakonjac, Vladimir Doskoviç, Maja Petricevic, Aleksandar Stanojkovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation of different concentrations of rosemary in broiler diets from day 1 to 42 on growth performance, carcass quality, and cecal microbiological composition of chickens. The research was carried out with 1200 Ross 308 chickens, divided into 4 groups with 6 repetitions per group. The treatment groups were: control group (C) without rosemary, 0.2% rosemary group (0.2R), 0.4% rosemary group (0.4R), and 0.6% rosemary group (0.6R). Production parameters and the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) were determined. At the end of the trial 12 chicks per group were …

The Effects Of Dietary Probiotic Inclusion On Skeletal Health Of Poultry And Its Possible Mechanisms, Feifei Yan

Open Access Dissertations

Probiotics are live microorganisms which may confer health benefits on the host when administered in appropriate amounts. Numerous studies have shown that probiotics improve bone health in humans and rodents with less information available on the skeletal health of avians given probiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on bone health of egg-laying and meat-type chickens. Dietary supplementation of a multi-species based probiotic reduced the percentage of shell-less eggs beginning at 4 wk following treatment and increased tibial and femoral bone mineral density in egg-laying hens at 7 wk post-treatment. Similarly, bone mineralization …

Elucidating The Genetic Cause To Ascites Syndrome In Broiler Chickens Utilizing Multi-Generational Genome Wide Association Studies, Katy Tarrant

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ascites syndrome in broiler chickens has developed into a source of economic loss in the last three decades. Intensive selective pressure, and implementation of flock management practices, has successfully reduced ascites frequency, but has not eliminated its occurrence. For this reason, it is imperative to better understand the genetic cause to ascites in broiler chickens. Previous studies of this magnitude have been attempted, but, thus far, a consensus of genomic associations have not been made. This collection of studies was aimed at identifying and interpreting genomic and genetic associations to ascites phenotype specific to a broiler line representative of a …

Performance Of Broilers Fed Raw Or Fermented And Redried Wheat, Barley, And Oat Grains, Sulhatti̇n Yaşar, Muhammed Saci̇d Gök, Yavuz Gürbüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The efficacy of diets containing 40%-50% wheat, barley, or oat grains, fermented by a solid-state fermentation process, on bird performance, carcass yield, digestive organ development, and intestinal viscosity was tested. Compared with broiler chicks fed unfermented grains, those fed fermented oats had increased feed intake, and treatment with fermented wheat and barley improved the feed conversion ratio at days 21 and 42. Treatment with fermented barley and oats resulted in increased body weight at day 42. Treatment with fermented wheat and oats increased the percentage of carcass yield. Birds fed unfermented grains had highly viscous digesta, not seen among birds …

Manipulating Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Oxidation To Reduce Fatness In Broiler Chickens, Tania Emmanuelle Torchon

Masters Theses

Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for …

The Effects Of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation On Growth Performance And Intestinal Morphology Of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Hot Conditions, Farhad Jazideh, Parviz Farhoomand, Mohsen Daneshyar, Gholamreza Najafi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Dietary supplementation effects of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% glutamine were investigated on the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract in broilers reared under hot conditions. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the starter period, grower period, or entire experiment (P > 0.05). During the grower period, only 0.5% glutamine-fed birds had higher body weight gain than others (P < 0.05). For the entire period, body weight gain of 0.5% glutamine-fed birds was greater than that of 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.5% glutamine-fed birds showed longer villus height than other birds (P < 0.05). In the jejunum, both 0.5% and 1% glutamine consumption caused longer villus height as compared to 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine (P < 0.05). Villus height of 0.25% glutamine-fed birds was higher than that of 0.00% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). None of the ileum morphological parameters were affected by glutamine supplementation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% glutamine improved the intestinal morphology and body weight gain of broilers under heat stress. Higher dietary glutamine (1%) increased the villus height in the jejunum …

Response Of Broiler Chickens To Variation In Dietary Nutrient Content, Sarah Diane Goodgame

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rising feed costs, environmental pollution concerns targeted at animal agriculture, a worldwide focus on sustainability and the never ending battle to improve production and efficiency within the poultry industry challenges nutritionists to focus on products to improve nutrient digestibility and decrease feed costs while at the same time maximizing performance. The research presented in this dissertation focuses on improving nutrient utilization of protein sources with protein liberating enzymes currently available commercially. The research also conducted addresses the addition of crystalline amino acids valine and isoleucine and their effect on improving efficiency of broilers.

The first research project compared the efficacy …

The Impact Of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Bse) On World Protein Supply, Jarrod Kersey

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As world population, per capita income and urbanization increase, consumption of meat, poultry, milk and eggs will continue to rise to meet the needs of approximately nine billion people in 2050. Global beef, pig and chicken production and per capita consumption increased between 2000 and 2010, with growth in broiler production and consumption outpacing both beef and swine. The increased production and consumption requires readily available feed ingredients in regions where animal production is rapidly developing. Animal-based protein feed ingredients are often difficult to move from country to country due to real or perceived risk of animal disease. Zoosanitary standards …

Determination Of Methionine And Lysine Requirements Of Growing Broilers Using The Ideal Protein Concept, Changji Lu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of broiler performance to Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) during the starter, grower, and finisher feeding phases. All the experimental diets were formulated based on the Ideal Protein Concept.

Experiment 1 evaluated the responses to Lys and Met on live performance of young broiler chickens from 0 to 18 d of age. The mean amino acid ratios to Lys suggested by literature values were used in the formulation based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met were used in the diets resulting in a …

Characterization And Consumer Acceptance Of White Striping In Broiler Breast Fillets, Vivek Ayamchirakkunnel Kuttappan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

White striping is an emerging issue in the broiler meat industry which causes concerns among the producers. The condition is characterized by the occurrence of white striations, parallel to the direction of muscle fibers, mainly in broiler breast fillets and thighs. Fillets can be categorized as NORM (normal or no striping), MOD (moderate) and SEV (severe) depending on the degree of white striping. As a result of few previous research studies on the condition, there is no information available on the impact of white striping on the consumer acceptance and various meat quality attributes. Our hypothesis was that the occurrence …

Prevalence And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species In Broiler Chickens, Murat Yildirim, Ersi̇n İstanbulluoğlu, Burcu Ayvali

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in broiler chicken faecal samples and on their carcasses. The possible routes of carcass contamination were assessed from slaughterhouse to market. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates from broilers. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 393 (91.8%) of 428 samples examined. A total of 53 out of 57 rectal swab samples was positive for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 93.6%, 92.9% and 91.3% of broiler carcass, faecal and caecal samples, respectively. No Campylobacter was isolated …

The Effect Of Aflatoxin On Kidney Function In Broiler Chicks, Gökhan Eraslan, Erdal Karaöz, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Mehmet Akdoğan, Meral Öncü, Di̇nç Eşsi̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, eighty, day-old female Avion breed, broiler chicks were used. Chicks were separated into five groups, including one control. While the control group (Group I) received normal feed, the experimental groups received feed supplemented with aflatoxin at the rate of 0.05 ppm (Group II), 0.1 ppm (Group III), 0.5 ppm (Group IV), and 1 ppm (Group V) for 45 days. On days 15, 30 and 45 blood was taken from the control and experimental animals in order to perform biochemical analyses and kidney tissue was dissected for histopathological examination. As a result, a number of pathological findings were …

Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Broilers From Two To Five Weeks Of Age, Jill A. Townsend, H. R. (Trey) Pope, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Phase-feeding (PF) in broiler chickens has been researched as a way to reduce feed costs without reducing growth performance and yield. Predicted amino acid requirements for PF are generated using linear regression equations derived from best estimates of lysine (Lys), sulfur amino acid (SAA), and threonine (Thr) requirements. During the late starter and early grower periods, predicted requirements for the SAA methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) are higher than levels recommended by the National Research Council (NRC), and previous research suggests that SAA may be lowered during the grower period without sacrificing growth performance or yield. The objective of this …