Life Sciences Commons^™

The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activity And Climate Change On The Formation Of Harmful Algal Blooms (Habs) And Its Ecological Consequence, Zhangxi Hu, Aifeng Li, Zhun Li, Margaret R. Mulholland

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sustainability Practices In Aquaculture: Using Algae Turf Scrubber Biomass To Raise Black Soldier Flies As An Alternative Feed In Blue Tilapia, Oreochromis Aureus, Culture, Michelle C. Lowery

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since the 1980s, non-algal aquaculture has grown to encompass 49% of all seafood production in response to a growing human population and increased seafood demand (FAO, 2022). Hurdles exist to aquaculture sustainability, including dependence on wild sourced fishmeal (FM) and the impacts wastewater discharge. It takes 4-5 tons of wild forage fish to produce one ton of dry FM (Miles and Chapman, 2006) and as aquaculture is primarily conducted in earthen ponds and public open water bodies (FAO, 2022), finfish culture can have a high impact on the surrounding environment by discharging excess nutrients. This study used algae turf scrubber …

Reflections On A Career Unplanned, Robert A. Glazer

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Sometimes life takes unexpected turns. I never planned to be a marine biologist; yet, after a long and unpredictable journey, that’s exactly where I found myself. After obtaining my B.S. in Fishery Biology from Colorado State University, I found myself meandering from job to job like a golden retriever following some vague scent. At first, I was hired by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to work seasonally in Grand Teton National Park on the freshwater trout fisheries. Soon thereafter, I found myself cultivating oysters, clams, and other shellfish in California. The skills I developed there as an algologist led …

The Effect Of Spirulina Platensis Algae Inclusion In Feed Of Commercial Broilers Subjected To Cyclic Heat Stress, Kirsten Shafer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The effect of Spirulina platensis inclusion in feed of commercial broilers was evaluated over one experiment. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina platensis freshwater algae inclusion on live performance and processing characteristics of commercial broilers subjected to daily cyclic heat stress. Day old Ross 708 male broilers were placed into 8 environmentally controlled chambers. At d 21, four chambers remained on a control diet containing no algae (CON) while 4 chambers received a diet that included algae at an inclusion rate of 2.5% (ALG). An 8 hour daily cyclic heat stress (24°C to 36°C) was applied to …

The Role Of Fatty Acids In Ruminant Diets And Novel Feed Ingredients High In Omega– 3 Fatty Acids Fed In Feedlot Diets, Mitchell M. Norman

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A finishing study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of steers fed four inclusions of a novel feedstuff Green Grass. Green Grass is a product comprised of sesame meal, giant kelp, cassava, and sorghum containing high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. No differences were observed in initial BW, final BW, BW gain, HCW, LM area, 12^th rib fat depth, calculated YG, or liver abscess %. Dry matter intake linearly increased as Green Grass inclusion increased in the diet. Steers fed Green Grass had lower G:F than control cattle, and steers fed 30% Green Grass had a …

Evaluation Of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles As An Ingredient In Cattle Finishing Diets And Its Effects On Digestibility And Fatty Acid Flow And A Comparison Of Single And Dual Implant Strategies In Finishing Heifers, John Gibbons

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Two experiments, a performance study (Exp. 1) and digestion study (Exp. 2) were conducted to evaluate a novel liquid feed, condensed algal residue solubles (CARS), in feedlot diets. In Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, steers were fed three inclusions of CARS at 0%, 2.5%, 5%. There were quadratic responses for greater carcass adjusted final BW, ADG, G:F, HCW, 12^th rib fat, and yield grade. There was a linear increase in marbling score and a linear decrease in DMI and LM area as CARS increased. In Exp. 2, CARS did not affect intake or digestibility. Fatty acid flow at the …

Microplastic Abundance, Distribution And Impacts On Sargassum-Associated Juvenile Fishes In The Gulf Of Mexico, Olivia Lestrade

Master's Theses

Microplastics are a concern in marine environments because they are highly durable, ubiquitous, and can be mistaken for food and ingested by small organisms. Pelagic Sargassum, an important habitat for larval and juvenile stages of many fish species, is found in large surface aggregations, and may provide complex structure in which microplastics become trapped. This could lead to greater risk of microplastic ingestion by fish early life stages associated with Sargassum habitats. To better understand the impacts of microplastics within Sargassum communities, this study examined 1) microplastic concentrations and ingestion by juvenile fishes associated with Sargassum; 2) the microbial …

Effect Of Dietary Spirulina Platensis On Stress Levels And Growth Of Female Broiler Chickens, Victoria Tarkington

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study measured the effects of dietary Spirulina platensis supplementation on heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, footpad lesions, and growth performance parameters. One hundred and eighty Ross 708 broiler females were randomly divided evenly into fifteen pens with three dietary treatments for a total of five replications per treatment (twelve birds per replicate) for five weeks. The different treatments were a control diet of 20% crude protein, a diet of 17% crude protein, and a diet of 17% crude protein with 10% S. platensis added to the feed. Body weight, feed intake, and mortality rate was not significantly different between treatments …

The Effects Of Light Level And Temperature On Freshwater Microbial Biomass, Production, Enzyme Activity, And Community Composition, Joel Bonney

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Algae can stimulate the production of heterotrophic microbes in periphyton communities, but the synergistic effects of light and temperature on this phenomenon are not well understood and have implications on carbon cycling and energy flow. We employed recirculating mesocosms held at different temperatures and light levels and filled with Typha litter and attached microbes to assess these effects. Heterotrophic microbial production was greater in the presence of light, as were some periphytic enzyme activities. Few response variables increased in a near-linear fashion with ascending temperature, suggesting different temperature optima. The strength of heterotrophic microbial production responses to algal photosynthesis did …

Checklist Of Sea Spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) From The Persian Gulf And The Gulf Of Oman With New Record Of Endeis Biseriata (Böhm, 1879) For The Region, Rudá Amorim Lucena, Yaser Fatemi, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This is the first record of a pycnogonid for the Iranian coast. It is also the first record of an Endeis, and of Endeis biseriata, for the waters of the Gulf of Oman. A single specimen was collected in an algal bed of Padina sp., along Chabahar Bay, in February 2017. It is deposited in the Zoology Museum of the University of Hormozgan. E. biseriata is probably a native Indo-Pacific species that now has a wide world distribution, being probably pantropical. Morphological and ecological notes, as well as the distribution range of E. biseriata and a checklist of the species …

Fatty Acid Profile In Ruminal Content And Blood Plasma Of Finishing Beef Cattle, Supplemented With Different Sources Of Fat, Amanda Pesqueira

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Eight steers were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment to study the rumen metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The animals were fed a concentrate diet based on cracked corn grain, corn silage and hay fescue (K31). The dietary fat treatments were a negative control, tallow added at 60g/day, fish oil at 60g/day and heterotrophically grown microalgae high in DHA at 100g/day. Treatments were incorporated immediately prior to feeding each day and dosed through a ruminal fistula mixed with 0.45kg of the diet. Animals were fed at 1.75 x NEm once daily during adaptation then switched …

Selective Impact Of Disease On Coral Communities: Outbreak Of White Syndrome Causes Significant Total Mortality Of Acropora Plate Corals, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, Ashley J. Frisch, Stephen J. Newman, Corey B. Wakefield

Fisheries Research Articles

Coral diseases represent a significant and increasing threat to coral reefs. Among the most destructive diseases is White Syndrome (WS), which is increasing in distribution and prevalence throughout the Indo-Pacific. The aim of this study was to determine taxonomic and spatial patterns in mortality rates of corals following the 2008 outbreak of WS at Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean. WS mainly affected Acropora plate corals and caused total mortality of 36% of colonies across all surveyed sites and depths. Total mortality varied between sites but was generally much greater in the shallows (0–96% of colonies at 5 m …

Algae Or Yeast Supplementation For Lactating Dairy Cows, Maegan E. Weatherly

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of the first study was to quantify the effects of feeding Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (SP-1, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on milk fat and DHA content. Eight cows were fed: 0, 100, 300, or 600 g of algae per day. Fat percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on treatments 0 g and 100 g than for cows on treatments 300 g and 600 g (P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid in milk was greater for cows on treatment 300 and 600 than for cows on treatment 0 and 100 (P < 0.05).

The objective of the second study was to assess yeast supplementation effects on high and low forage dairy cow diets. Four cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) low forage (LF), 2) low forage with 10 g/d yeast (Yea-Sacc®; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY; LFY), 3) high …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Algal Symbionts Associated With Four North American Amphibian Egg Masses, Eunsoo Kim, Yuan Lin, Ryan R. Kerney, Lili Blumenberg, Cory Bishop

Biology Faculty Publications

Egg masses of the yellow-spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum form an association with the green alga “Oophila amblystomatis” (Lambert ex Wille), which, in addition to growing within individual egg capsules, has recently been reported to invade embryonic tissues and cells. The binomial O. amblystomatis refers to the algae that occur in A. maculatum egg capsules, but it is unknown whether this population of symbionts constitutes one or several different algal taxa. Moreover, it is unknown whether egg masses across the geographic range of A. maculatum, or other amphibians, associate with one or multiple algal taxa. To address these …

Factors In Long-Term Algal Composition Of Cayman Reefs: Determining Effects Of Natural Disturbance And Grazer Pressures, Patrick J. Doughty

Lawrence University Honors Projects

Abstract. Current research shows a worldwide shift in the population dynamics of reefs attributed to increasing human disturbance. With increasing nutrient additions, competitive populations of turf and macroalgae bloom and dominate coral reefs leading to decreased health of the reef as a whole. Unfortunately, few studies have been done showing the long-term changes in algae composition on reefs. In order to find the significant factors in the long-term composition of algae on reefs, algae and fish abundance data were collected through the Lawrence University Marine Program and analyzed for this study. Algae were split into three functional groups: encrusting, turf …

Evolution Of Vacuolar Pyrophosphatases And Vacuolar H+-Atpases In Diatoms, Adrien Bussard, Pascal Jean Lopez

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

To cope with changing environments and maintain optimal metabolic conditions, the control of the intracellular proton gradients has to be tightly regulated. Among the important proton pumps, vacuolar H+ -ATPases (V-ATPases) and H+ - translocating pyrophosphatases (H+ -PPases) were found to be involved in a number of physiological processes, and shown to be regulated at the expression level and to exhibit specific sub-cellular localizations. Studies of the role of these transporters are relatively scarce in algae and nearly absent in diatoms. Phylogenetic analyses disclose that diatoms, with both K+ -dependent and K+ -independent membrane integral pyrophosphatases, including proteins with high …

Algae As An Economical Protein Source For Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Brian Azevedo

Dairy Science

Dairying continues to change with economic and environmental demands of today’s fast moving society. Feed costs continue to rise and now account for a large majority of expenses on dairies; especially protein, which has become expensive to purchase. I believe that Algae can serve as a possible solution to aid in alleviating this problem. Algae grow rapidly and consume undesirable carbon dioxide to release oxygen to the environment, making it an environmentally friendly source of feed. There are particular strands of algae that are high in protein. During the course of this project, I intend to discover how effective protein …

Fisheries Research Report No. 188 - Results Of The 2007 Survey Of The Albany Marine Area For Introduced Marine Species, Justin I. Mcdonald, Fred E. Wells, Michael J. Travers

Fisheries research reports

A survey of the Albany marine area (King George Sound, Princess Royal Harbour and Oyster Harbour) for introduced marine pest species was conducted in 2007. This survey was trialling the new system of monitoring for introduced marine pests developed by the National Introduced Marine Pests Coordination Group (NIMPCG). This study represents one of the first trials of this system (the first trial commenced in South Australia is still ongoing). In this survey fifty-two of the fifty-five potential pest species were targeted. Three species were excluded on the basis of salinity and/or temperature tolerances being exceeded. A wide variety of sampling …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Grassbed Treatments As Habitat For Juvenile Black Bass In A Drawdown Reservoir, D. R. Ratcliff, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, J. Zustak

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Many reservoirs in arid regions experience highly variable water levels caused by seasonal inflow fluctuations and designated outflow requirements. At Shasta Lake, California, managers plant cereal-grain grassbeds on exposed drawdown shorelines to increase juvenile fish habitat, localize productivity, and increase invertebrate fish prey. To determine the efficacy of these plantings, the abundance of juvenile black basses Micropterus spp. (20–55 mm standard length) and the amount of periphyton and macroinvertebrate prey were compared among three treatment types: (1) planted grassbeds of cereal barley Hordeum vulgare; (2) artificial rope grassbeds, which eliminated physical deterioration and nutrient release; and (3) nonplanted control sites …

Slides: Threats To Biological Diversity: Global, Continental, Local, J. Michael Scott

Shifting Baselines and New Meridians: Water, Resources, Landscapes, and the Transformation of the American West (Summer Conference, June 4-6)

Presenter: J. Michael Scott, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho

38 slides

Algal And Bacterial Nitrogen Processing In A Zero-Discharge Suspended-Culture Shrimp Production System, Christian-Dominik Henrich

All Theses

The objective of this research was to further modify and develop the Clemson Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) design resulting in a system design capable of yielding economic feasible production rates of marine shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in excess of 45,000[kg/ha] (40,000[lb/ac]) within a 5 month culture period while minimizing impact on the surrounding environment. The operation of the pilot-scale high-rate prototype shrimp culture system showed that it is possible to combine chemoautotrophic and photoautotrophic processing of feed and waste products within the system. A total of 23,400[kg/ha] (20,800[lb/ac]) were harvested at the end of the season (149 days from PL-8/9 shrimp …

Spatial Patterns And Response To Wave Exposure Of Shallow Water Algal Assemblages Across The Canarian Archipelago: A Multiscaled Approach, Fernando Tuya, Ricardo J. Haroun

School of Natural Sciences Publications

We conducted a mensurative survey to investigate spatial variability and the effect of wave exposure at a range of spatial scales including islands (100s of kilometres apart), locations within islands (10s of kilometres apart), and sites within locations (100s of meters apart), on the composition, abundance and distribution of shallow water algal assemblages across subtidal hard bottoms of the Canarian Archipelago (eastern Atlantic). A multi-scaled hierarchical sampling design provided the framework for quantifying the variation among samples due to each spatial scale and level of wave exposure. Haphazardly placed 50 x 50 cm quadrats were deployed in shallow rocky-reefs to …

Continuing Analysis Of Phytoplankton Nutrient Limitation In Farmington Bay And The Great Salt Lake, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Amy M. Marcarelli

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Farmington Bay is a nutrient-enriched, highly eutrophic embayment of the Great Salt Lake. The highly variable salinity of the bay influences what species of plankton can survive there. Previous analyses suggested that cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) may not be able to survive or fix atmospheric nitrogen at high salinities, thus maintaining the lake in a nitrogen-limited state. To determine the interacting influence of nutrients and salinity on the growth and nitrogen fixation of plankton we performed a 28-day bioassay with water from Farmington and Gilbert Bays in October 2004. We tested the response of the plankton to additions of nitrogen (N) …

Ecological Studies Of The Surface Microlayer Of Small Ponds At The Uwm Field Station, Charles C. Remsen, James S. Maki, Savas C. Danos, Kenneth E. Estep

Field Station Bulletins

The seasonal variation and enrichment of nutrients, pigments, bacteria, fungi and algae in the surface microlayer and subsurface waters were investigated in three ponds at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station, Saukville, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. Samples were collected intermittently from June, 1978 through October, 1981. Microlayer samples were collected using a glass plate and a screen sampler. All ponds showed dramatic seasonal variations in nutrients, microorganisms and algae in both surface and subsurface waters. The data indicate that physical factors such as adsubble processes, antirain and atmospheric deposition, along with biological factors such as heterotrophic mineralization and autotrophic uptake, play …

Some Observations On Corticolous Cryptogams, William J. Woelkerling

Field Station Bulletins

The reliability of direction finding, as stated in the old adage-"moss grows best on the north sides of trees"-is subject to various interpretations. A personal evaluation of the reliability of this adage was attempted in a study of the corticolous cryptogams (non-seed plants which grow on the bark of trees) at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Cedar-Sauk Field Station and adjacent Cedarburg Bog. In this study the trees were inspected not only for the presence of the true mosses but also for algae, fungi, lichens and liverworts. The results summarized in this report are based on observations of over 2000 separate …

Some Bog Denizens, G W. Prescott

Field Station Bulletins

Tucked away in the bogs and swamps of Wisconsin, and in similar habitats throughout the world, thrive a myriad of unicellular plants known as Desmids. They are among the most aesthetic of all microorganisms and vie with the glassywalled Diatoms as "Jewel Plants." If it were not for the inquisitive biologist and the students of the microscopic cosmos, Desmids well might exist unnoticed. For although they have highly intriguing biological features they play no role in water spoilage problems, nor are they important in the food cycle of aquatic animals. Hence they do not attract attention nor invite the condemnations …

Water Blooms, T E H Aplin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WHEN a body of water becomes discoloured with a super-abundance of free-floating, microscopic plant or, in rare cases, animal life, it is said to develop a "water bloom."

This article discusses some aspects of the appearance of water blooms, particularly those caused by algae, and with the effects that certain toxic algae have on livestock.