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Cattle Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2018/2019, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

In June 2010 the Cattle Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) was introduced to address biosecurity threats relevant to the Western Australian (WA) cattle industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable cattle producers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and to raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Cattle IFS, there is a Sheep and Goat IFS and a Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner.

The purpose of …

Use Of Uav Imagery And Nutrient Analyses For Estimation Of The Spatial And Temporal Contributions Of Cattle Dung To Nutrient Cycling In Grazed Ecosystems, Amanda Shine

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nutrient inputs from cattle dung are crucial drivers of nutrient cycling processes in grazed ecosystems. These inputs are important both spatially and temporally and are affected by variables such as grazing strategy, water location, and the nutritional profile of forage being grazed. Past research has attempted to map dung deposition patterns in order to more accurately estimate nutrient input, but the large spatial extent of a typical pasture and the tedious nature of identifying and mapping individual dung pats has prohibited the development of a time- and cost-effective methodology. The first objective of this research was to develop and validate …

Impact Of Feeding Distillers Grains Or Isolated Components In Distillers Grains To Growing And Finishing Cattle, And The Comparison Of Protein Content And In-Situ Digestibility Of Feeds Commonly Used In Feedlot Diets, Brianna B. Conroy

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The use of distillers grains originating from biofuel production has become widely used in feedlot diets. Distillers grains has been identified as having an increased feeding value relative to dry-rolled corn, in recent years the composition of distillers grains has begun to change due to greater refinement in the ethanol production process. Two feedlot trials were conducted to evaluate the contribution of fat, fiber, and protein from distillers grains in the diets of growing and finishing cattle. Growing steers were fed a grass hay-based ration, including a corn control diet compared to a diet containing modified distillers grains plus solubles, …

The Effects Of Native And Domestic Grazers On The Health Of Bumble Bee (Bombus Spp.) Populations In A Historical Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem, Mckenna L. Conforti

ELAIA

Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) play an important role in the pollination of ecologically and economically significant plants worldwide. In recent years, bumble bee populations have suffered decline throughout North America, particularly in the Midwest. Many factors likely contribute to this decline, including the use of pesticides, disease, and habitat loss. Although cattle grazing space is a common use for Midwestern grassland, a comparison had not been made between the capacity of cattle pasture to support bumble bee communities with the capacity of tallgrass prairie, a habitat thought to be optimal for requisite floral resources. Additionally, the reintroduction of bison is …

Brangus Cows Have Ovarian Reserve Parameters More Like Brahman Than Angus Cows, Robert A. Cushman, Émerson M. Soares, Hannah K. Yake, Allyson L. Patterson, Shelby L. Rosasco, Joslyn K. Beard, Emmalee J. Northrop, Jerica J.J. Rich, Jeremy R. Miles, Chadwick C. Chase Jr., Michael G. Gonda, George A. Perry, Anthony K. Mcneel, Adam F. Summers

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Bos indicus females have more surface antral follicles than Bos taurus females; however, histological studies demonstrated no difference in total number of primordial follicles between these two biological types of cattle. Primordial follicle density in the ovary was less in Nelore ovaries compared to Angus ovaries, but no studies have examined the primordial follicle density in Bos indicus cross-bred females. It, therefore, was hypothesized that primordial follicle density in the ovary would decrease as percentage Bos indicus increased. Ovaries were collected from cross-bred Angus (n=32, no Bos indicus influence), Brangus (n=15), or Brahman (n=9) …

Technologies To Increase Animal Performance In Beef Production Systems, Caleb P. Weiss

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Three monensin levels during a stocker phase (0, 800, 1600 g/ton in a free choice mineral) and two levels during finishing (0 [U] or 37.5 mg/kg diet DM [M]) were used to determine the effects of monensin supplementation during a stocker and subsequent finishing phase on beef calves. Steers (n = 605, BW = 278 ± 27 kg) were fed pearl millet hay with soybean hull and corn gluten feed supplement (0.5% BW daily [AF basis] Block 1) or grazed fall wheat (Block 2), spring wheat (Block 3), bermudagrass (Blocks 4 & 5) or wheat with mixed-grass baleage (Block 6). …

The Utilization Of Brown Midrib Corn Silage Hybrids And Kernel Processing To Improve Corn Silage Value And The Use Of High Protein Distillers Grains To Evaluate Starch Digestion, Lauren A. Ovinge

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Three studies evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrid, inclusion level and kernel processing in growing and finishing diets. Two more studies were conducted on high protein dried distillers grains and its effect in finishing diets. Experiment 1 and 2 evaluated three corn silage hybrids; standard (CON; hybrid-TMF2H708), brown midrib (bm3; hybrid-F15579S2) and Unified™ brown midrib with SilaSoft™ kernel technology with a floury endosperm (bm3-soft; hybrid-F15578XT) harvested with or without kernel processing on growth and metabolism. Experiment 3 evaluated a brown midrib hybrid (bm3; hybrid-F27F627; Mycogen® Seeds) or a control (CON; hybrid-TMF2H708) in the diet …

Determining The Relationship Among Cattle Genotype, Hair Coat Score, And Productivity Through The Investigation Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within Prolactin, Dopamine Receptor D2, And Melatonin Receptor 1a, Erin Davis

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Prolactin (PRL), melatonin (MTN), and dopamine (DA) are all hormones that are believed to play a role in the regulation and growth of hair in beef cattle. There are also single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each of these hormones or their receptors, indicating that the investigation of these polymorphisms could allow them to serve as genetic markers for the future productivity of an animal. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among cattle genotype, hair coat score, and productivity through the investigation of single nucleotide polymorphisms within prolactin, dopamine receptor D2, and melatonin receptor 1A. Body weights, …

Dna Methylation And Mirna-1296 Act In Concert To Mediate Spatiotemporal Expression Of Kpna7 During Bovine Oocyte And Early Embryonic Development, Lei Wang, Jacqelyn M. Hand, Liyuan Fu, George W. Smith, Jianbo Yao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract

Background: Epigenetic regulation of oocyte-specific maternal factors is essential for oocyte and early embryonic development. KPNA7 is an oocyte-specific maternal factor, which controls transportation of nuclear proteins important for early embryonic development. To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the controlled expression of KPNA7, both DNA methylation associated transcriptional silencing and microRNA (miRNA)-mediated mRNA degradation of KPNA7 were examined.

Results: Comparison of DNA methylation profiles at the proximal promoter of KPNA7 gene between oocyte and 6 different somatic tissues identified 3 oocyte-specific differentially methylated CpG sites. Expression of KPNA7 mRNA was reintroduced in bovine kidney-derived CCL2 cells after treatment …

Optimized Oral Supplementation Of Vitamins Improves Feed Intake And Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Deoni Cows, Ashwin Kandathil, Srinivas Bandla

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to optimize oral doses of fat- and water-soluble vitamins in cattle using in vitro gas production model and to ascertain their effects on dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and rumen microbial protein (RMBP) synthesis. Doses optimized using the in vitro model were 3.66, 6.78, 16.3, 41.1, 3.87, 0.323, 4.12, and 0.055 mg/kg DMI, respectively, for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and B12 and 500 IU/kg DMI for vitamin K. Thirty-two adult, nonproducing Deoni cows (375 ± 13.4 kg body weight, BW) were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = …

Snake Envenomation In Two Cattle: Clinical/Laboratory Aspects And Treatment Using Equine-Derived Antivenin Of Viperidae, Nuri̇ Altuğ, Cafer Tayer İşler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this case report, specific antivenin treatment for Viperidae snake envenomation in two cattle was defined for the first time. The diagnosis of snake envenomation was made according to the history and clinical findings. Clinical examination revealed systemic (tachycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypersalivation, ruminal hypotony) and local (swelling of the leg and head) findings depending on the location of snake bites. Laboratory analysis determined granulocytic leukocytosis, monocytosis, decreased iron binding capacity, and increased CK and LDH enzyme activities. In the specific treatment of cases, equine-derived polyvalent antivenin containing antitoxic immunoglobulins against Viperidae species was administered. Additionally, 5% dextrose, antibiotics, dexamethasone, antihistamines, …

Relationships Between Animal Temperament And Systemic Immune Responses In Beef Cattle Exposed To Conditions Associated With Conventional Management, Alexander W. Altman

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Measures of temperament have been shown to influence physiological responses. Exit velocity (EV) has been identified as an objective, robust measure of temperament that can be used to predict subsequent performance of cattle. Additionally, previous studies from our lab indicate this measure of temperament may be related to production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine associated with cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Whereas research has investigated effects of EV upon immune responses, the overall goal of these studies was to examine this relationship under a variety of scenarios including human handling, transportation, and exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) for determination of its …

Optimization Of Reproductive Success In Beef Cattle By Implementation Of Estrus Resynchronization, Nutritional Management, And Evaluation Of Disease Prevalance, Kaitlin M. Epperson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The beef industry is a unique community of operations that employ different management techniques to accomplish a similar goal. Like other facets of animal agriculture, profitability of the beef industry is heavily reliant upon the implemented management practices. Reproductive efficiency is an area of management that has great potential to positively influence the success of beef production. Through the use of reproductive technologies such as estrus synchronization and AI, a greater percentage of females can become bred to superior sires, breeding and calving seasons can be shortened, calf uniformity increased, and economic return maximized (Odde, 1990; Rodgers et al., 2012; …

Electrocardiogram And Serum Cardiac Biomarkers Changes In Fmd In Cattle, Ali Abbas Nikvand, Seyedeh Missagh Jalali, Mohammad Nouri, Alireza Ghadrdan Mashhadi, Soroush Hassanpour Amirabadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to evaluate serum and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Thirty-two cows with clinical signs of FMD and 13 healthy cows were randomly enrolled. After blood sampling, ECG was performed on 23 of the 32 ill cows. Serum circulatory troponin I (cTnI), CPK, LDH, and CK-MB activities were determined in the patient and control groups. Arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia (VT), sinus tachycardia (ST), atrial fibrillation (AF), and premature ventricular complex (PVC) were seen in 4, 4, 2, and 1 of the patients, respectively. The patients had higher cTnI levels than the control group …

Phenotypic And Genotypic Investigation Of The Heavy Metal Resistance In Escherichia Coli Isolates Recovered From Cattle Stool Samples, Ni̇sa Si̇pahi̇, Emre Karakaya, Serkan İki̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to examine resistance against cadmium (Cd$^{+2}$), copper (Cu$^{+2}$), lead (Pb$^{+2}$), mercury (Hg$^{+2}$), and manganese (Mn$^{+2}$) in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cattle stool using phenotypic (agar dilution) and genotypic [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] methods. In addition, the isolates were genotyped via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from the 100 stool samples that were examined in the study. It was determined phenotypically that all isolates were sensitive to mercury; 97% of them showed resistance to cadmium; 69% showed resistance to copper; 24% showed resistance to lead; …

Impacts Of Small Intestinal Enzyme Activity And Varying Corn Grain Processing Types On Feeding Behavior, And Growth Performance Of Finishing Beef Steers, Wyatt Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in activity of jejunal maltase and isomaltase between 2 groups of steers with average dry matter intake (DMI) and differing average daily gain (ADG). Dry matter intake and ADG were measured in crossbred steers (n = 69). Jejunal mucosal samples were collected from 8 steers with the greatest (high) or least (low) ADG and average DMI (± 0.55 standard deviation). Homogenates of jejunal mucosa were incubated with increasing amounts of maltose and isomaltose to determine the disaccharidase kinetics. Neither the Km of isomaltase (P = 0.15) or maltase (P = …

Investigation Of Bovine Conceptus Galectins And The Effect Of Bovine Conceptus Secretory Proteins On The Endometrial Epithelial Transcriptome, Heather Lynn Baldwin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Pregnancy loss in cattle is greatest in the first 30 days of gestation. Near d15 of gestation, bovine conceptuses elongate and express LGALS1, an immunosuppressive glycan-binding protein believed to be essential for implantation. However, other members of the bovine galectin family, including LGALS3, LGALS4, LGALS7, LGALS8, LGALS9 and a galectin-13-like gene (LGALS13L), also may be expressed by the elongating conceptus. Therefore, galectin expression in elongating, d16 bovine conceptuses and intercaruncular endometrium as well as elongating, d14 ovine conceptuses and intercaruncular endometrium was assessed by RT-qPCR. Angus heifer and Texel ewes underwent estrous cycle synchronization and either inseminated or not bred. …

The Effects Of Native And Domestic Grazers On The Health Of Bumble Bee (Bombus Spp.) Populations In A Historical Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem, Mckenna Conforti

Honors Program Projects

Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) play an important role in the pollination of ecologically and economically significant plants worldwide. In recent years, bumble bee populations have suffered decline throughout North America, particularly in the Midwest. Many factors likely contribute to this decline, including the use of pesticides, disease, and habitat loss. Although cattle grazing space is a common use for Midwestern grassland, a comparison had not been made between the capacity of cattle pasture to support bumble bee communities with the capacity of tallgrass prairie, a habitat thought to be optimal for requisite floral resources. Additionally, the reintroduction of bison …

Phylogenetic Relationships Of Native Turkish Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers, Yusuf Özşensoy, Ercan Kurar, Müge Doğan, Zafer Bulut, Mehmet Ni̇zamlioğlu, Ayşe Işik, Aysun Çamlidağ, Vahdetti̇n Altunok

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 20 microsatellite DNA markers were used for genetic characterization and determination of phylogenetic relationships of native cattle breeds of Turkey, including the Anatolian Grey (AG), Anatolian Black (AB), South Anatolian Red (SAR), East Anatolian Red (EAR), Southern Anatolian Yellow (SAY), and Zavot (ZAV). DNA samples were isolated from 271 blood samples using an organic method. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and genotypes were determined for 20 microsatellites. A total of 269 different alleles were determined. The lowest (7.80) and highest (10.80) mean allele numbers were observed for the ZAV and SAY populations, …

Serodiagnostic Potential Of Brucella Outer Membrane And Periplasmic Proteins, Aitbay Bulashev, Orken Akibekov, Zhanbolat Suranshiyev, Bakytkali Ingirbay, Saule Eskendirova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological diagnostic potential of the Brucella recombinant outer membrane (rOMP25, rOMP31) and periplasmic proteins (rBP26, rSOD) in a comparative way using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Rabbit and/or mouse antibodies to Brucella whole cell and/or soluble protein preparations recognized all recombinant proteins used, which confirms the expression of target antigens in E. coli in active form. The recombinant proteins showed different antigenicity to antibodies of cattle kept on a brucellosis-affected (endemic) farm and/or a new focus of infection. Thus, the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies was confirmed by i-ELISA/rSOD in 79% …

Morphometric Analysis Of The Skulls Of Domestic Cattle (Bos Taurus L.) And Water Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis L.) In Turkey, Ermi̇ş Özkan, Abu Bakar Siddiq, Ki̇fayet Oya Kahveci̇oğlu, Muhsi̇n Öztürk, Vedat Onar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 20 domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and 15 water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis L.) skulls were analyzed in this study. All of the specimens belonged to female individuals. Using a total of 27 craniometric measurements from each of the skulls, 9 indices were calculated. Although there were statistically significant differences between the linear measurements of the skulls of both species, while calculating the indices with their ratios, the values of the measurements of the facial area were determinative in the craniology. Among these indices, the facial index 1 value was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in the comparison of these two species. On the other hand, while considering the orbit and foramen magnum measurements, in contrast with the transversal measurement, the height was more determinant for their index and form.

Molecular Detection Of Anaplasma Spp. In Blood And Milk Of Dairy Cattle In The Philippines, Angelito Pangan Dela Cruz, Remil Linggatong Galay, Kristina Andrea Claveria Sandalo, Flor Marie Immanuelle Rafallo Pilapil-Amante, Tetsuya Tanaka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Anaplasmosis has become a major concern in the cattle industry throughout the world due to its great economic impact. The causative agents, Anaplasmaspecies, are primarily transmitted by ticks, occurring intracellularly within blood cells, with some species being zoonotic. In this study, the presence of Anaplasma spp. was investigated in the blood and milk of dairy cattle in the Philippines. Blood and milk samples were collected from 98 dairy cattle from selected farms in five provinces in the southern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines. After DNA extraction, a conventional PCR for the control gene actin was performed, followed by …

Anabolic Hormone Exposure During Various Stages Of Growth: Effects On Post-Weaning Performance, Frame Size, And Carcass Characteristics Of Calf-Fed Steers, Wesley W. Gentry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The growth promoting activity of implants have been documented. However, stage of growth in which the implant is administered may alter growth performance and carcass traits. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of administering a conventional implant (Synovex C; SYN-C), or an extended-release combination implant (Synovex One Grass; ONE-G) to suckling steer calves on weaning weight, post-weaning growth performance, and carcass characteristics. Suckling steer calves were either not implanted (NONE) or were implanted with SYN-C or ONE-G. Steer calves were predominantly 30 to 60 d of age when implants were administered. Steers were weaned 176 d post-suckling implant …

Field Testing Integrated Interventions For Schistosomiasis Elimination In The People's Republic Of China: Outcomes Of A Multifactorial Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Gail M. Williams, Yue-Sheng Li, Darren J. Gray, Zheng-Yuan Zhao, Donald A. Harn, Lisa M. Shollenberger, Sheng-Ming Li, Xinglin Yu, Zeng Feng, Jia-Gang Guo, Jie Zhou, Yu-Lan Dong, Yuan Li, Biao Guo, Patrick Driguez, Marina Harvie, Hong You, Allen G. Ross, Donald P. Mcmanus

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Despite significant progress, China faces the challenge of re-emerging schistosomiasis transmission in currently controlled areas due, in part, to the presence of a range of animal reservoirs, notably water buffalo and cattle, which can harbor Schistosoma japonicum infections. Environmental, ecological and social-demographic changes in China, shown to affect the distribution of oncomelanid snails, can also impact future schistosomiasis transmission. In light of their importance in the S. japonicum, lifecycle, vaccination has been proposed as a means to reduce the excretion of egg from cattle and buffalo, thereby interrupting transmission from these reservoir hosts to snails. A DNA-based vaccine (SjCTPI) …

Changes In Expression Of The Autophagy-Related Genes Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3Β And Autophagy Related 7 In Skeletal Muscle Of Fattening Japanese Black Cattle: A Pilot Study, Tomonori Nakanishi, Tadaaki Tokunaga, Takafumi Ishida, Ikuo Kobayashi, Yuta Katahama, Azusa Yano, Laurie Erickson, Satoshi Kawahara

Hebrew Theological College Publications and Research

Objective

Autophagy is a bulk degradation system for intracellular proteins which contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis, according to previous studies in humans and rodents. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological role of autophagy in the skeletal muscle of meat animals. This study was planned as a pilot study to investigate changes in expression of two major autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy related 7 (ATG7) in fattening beef cattle, and to compare them with skeletal muscle growth.

Methods

Six castrated Japanese Black cattle (initial body weight: 503±20 kg) were enrolled in …