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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Concentration Of Metabolites And Behavior Of Live Weight In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Natural Grass And Barley During Gestation, Postpartum, And New Born Phases In Turco, Department Of Oruro, Eduardo Ticona Benique
Concentration Of Metabolites And Behavior Of Live Weight In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Natural Grass And Barley During Gestation, Postpartum, And New Born Phases In Turco, Department Of Oruro, Eduardo Ticona Benique
Theses and Dissertations
The llama, a potential socioeconomic resource in the Bolivian highlands, faces serious nutritional deficiencies during the gestational and postpartum stages that negatively affect production. This study was conducted at the Tika Huta Experimental Center in the Llachu community of the Oruro prefecture. Our objectives were to determine metabolite concentration in blood plasma as well as live weight performance of pregnant and postpartum female llamas. Adult and juvenile llamas were fed diets of either plain natural grass or natural grass combined with 0.4 kg of barley hay. In addition, we determined metabolite concentrations in blood plasma and live weight performance of …
Zoometric Measures In Llamas (Lama Glama) Of Rural Families In The T'Olar And Pajonal Natural Grazing Fields Of The Municipality Santiago De Machaca - Department Of La Paz, Eloy Tuco Cano
Theses and Dissertations
Llamas have provided, and continue to provide, fiber, meat, skins, fertilizer and transport for the Andean people. In addition, they are part of the traditional and religious culture of the Aymara and the Quechua. Both are currently unaware of the productive qualities of llamas, especially those related to meat production, which is the principle product responsible for generating greater income for farmers. For this reason, 554 llamas were evaluated from a total of 3,693 in 2005. The llamas came from T’olar and Pajonal grasslands in the Santiago de Machaca region of La Paz, Bolivia and represented males and females from …
Diversity Of Insects From The Vespidae Family In Three Ecological Niches (Forest, Forest Border, And Agricultural Area) In Six Communities In The Coroico And Coripata Municipalities, Department Of La Paz, Edwin Zapata Mayta
Theses and Dissertations
The Vespidae family (order Hymenoptera) is comprised of 4500 species of wasps in 268 genera and 7 subfamilies. These wasps prey upon a wide range of insects, including Lepidopteran caterpillars. Because of their low prey specificity, the use of Vespid wasps in biological control programs is limited. However, in their natural habitat, they play a role in controlling populations of some pest species. This study was conducted in six different communities in the department of La Paz within the municipalities of Coroico and Coripata. Three ecological niches were selected in each community: 1) the forest, 2) the edge of the …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Saka Or Suncho (Viguera Pascensis) In The Feeding Of Guinea Pigs (Cavia Aparea Porcellus) In The Community Of Sococoni, Muñecas Province, La Paz, Boris Rodriguez Peñaranda
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Saka Or Suncho (Viguera Pascensis) In The Feeding Of Guinea Pigs (Cavia Aparea Porcellus) In The Community Of Sococoni, Muñecas Province, La Paz, Boris Rodriguez Peñaranda
Theses and Dissertations
The following work was conducted in the community of Socononi, La Paz, in which we analyzed the effects of three different portions of saka or suncho (viguera pascensis) during the growth, and fattening stages in guinea pigs (cavia aparea porcellus). We used 32 mestizo guinea pigs (improved Peruvian creole breed) weaned 21 days after birth. Four treatments were administrated to the 32 animals (16 males and 16 females), the treatments were the following: (R0) or witness, consisting of corn alone, (R2) consisting of 30% of saka, (R3) consisting of 50% of saka, and (R4) consisting of 70% saka. The variables …
Effect Of Food Deprivation On The Metabolic Profile Of Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Letanias Experimental Station - Viacha, Edwin Eddy Ali Quisbert
Effect Of Food Deprivation On The Metabolic Profile Of Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Letanias Experimental Station - Viacha, Edwin Eddy Ali Quisbert
Theses and Dissertations
In the highlands, where regular agriculture and livestock are not viable, raising camelids is the only means of subsistence for rural families. While grazing during the dry season in the high Andean region, llamas face serious nutritional deficiencies due to limited forage availability. This study was done at the experimental station of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute located in the community of Letanias which is in the municipality of Viacha. The objective was to determine the effect of food deprivation on the metabolic profile of blood plasma (concentration of urea-nitrogen, total protein, albumin, and creatinine) as well as the …
Effect Of Three Cryoconservation Diluents On Sperm Motility And Vitality In The Ejaculate Of Bulbourethal-Ectomized Llamas (Lama Glama), Department Of La Paz, Edwin Eddy Maceda Tintaya
Effect Of Three Cryoconservation Diluents On Sperm Motility And Vitality In The Ejaculate Of Bulbourethal-Ectomized Llamas (Lama Glama), Department Of La Paz, Edwin Eddy Maceda Tintaya
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different diluents used during the cryopreservation process on the motility and vitality of sperm cells. The three diluters used in this study were: A) trice-serum-egg yolk-glycerin, B) serum-egg yolk-glycerin, and C) Dulbecco’s serum-egg-yolk- glycerin. Diluters were tested in proportions of 64-15-15-6% (N1), 54-20-20-6% (N2), and 44-35-15-6% (N3). Llama semen was collected at the Mejoramiento Genético y Diagnóstico Clínico Del Servicio Agropecuario (SEDAG) in the Los Andes Province of the Department of La Paz. The procedure took place at the Unidad Académica Campesina de Tiahuanaco by a direct optimized …
Diluents For Cryopreservation Of Semen From Non-Woolly Llamas (Lama Glama), Franz Nicolas Bustos Fernández
Diluents For Cryopreservation Of Semen From Non-Woolly Llamas (Lama Glama), Franz Nicolas Bustos Fernández
Theses and Dissertations
The collection and preservation of llama semen is not a standardized procedure as it is in cattle. It has a number of complications that are mainly associated with the characteristics of the semen. In order to contribute to the knowledge of reproductive biology, we decided to evaluate the behavior of llama semen in relation to the different diluters in this study. This study was done at the National Germplasm Bank for Camelids which is part of the Ministry of Rural Development of Agriculture and Environment. The Ministry is located in the Agriculture Experiment Center of Condoriri which belongs to the …
Evaluation Of Hair Production In Angora Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Fed With Three Different Rations Of Reed In The Desaguadero Municipality - Department Of La Paz, Angel Sullca Mamani
Evaluation Of Hair Production In Angora Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Fed With Three Different Rations Of Reed In The Desaguadero Municipality - Department Of La Paz, Angel Sullca Mamani
Theses and Dissertations
This study was carried out in the Azafranal community of the Desaguadero municipality, which is in the Ingavi Province of the Department of La Paz. It was conducted at an altitude of 3350 meters above sea level at 16°20’00” south latitude and 69°00’00” west longitude. The study went from December 20, 2003 to June 20, 2004. Our objective was to evaluate hair production in angora rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed with three different rations of reed. The experimental trial was done at the Angorita farm over a 135 day period that was divided into three smaller periods of 45 days. The …
Evaluation Of Vicuñas (Vicugna Vicugna) Fed With Three Types Of Hay In Stables In The Municipality Of Tiahuanaco, Department Of La Paz, José Cartagena Catacora
Evaluation Of Vicuñas (Vicugna Vicugna) Fed With Three Types Of Hay In Stables In The Municipality Of Tiahuanaco, Department Of La Paz, José Cartagena Catacora
Theses and Dissertations
This study was conducted in the Rural Academic Unit of Tiahuanaco, in the Ingavi province, in the department of La Paz. Three juvenile vicunas and three adult vicunas were used. Our objective was to observe the development of vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) fed with three types of hay (Bromus catharicus Phalaris tuberoisum and Medicago sativa) in stables. We obtained the following results: rectal temperature of 38.2ºC in juveniles and 38.6ºC in adults; heart rate of 68 beats/min in juveniles and 67 beats/min in adults; respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min in juveniles and 17 breaths/min in adults; femoral vein pulse of 70 …
Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss
Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss
Theses and Dissertations
The harsh environmental and poor economic conditions of the Bolivian Altiplano require intervention to assist many of those that live there to become economically self-sufficient. We attempted to find introduced dry season reserve forage grasses that could produce enough biomass to be useful as feed for livestock, and that could also produce enough seed to distribute to farmers. While some of the grasses produced reasonable amounts of biomass, none produced seed in quantities that would be even close to being economically viable. The most likely cause of this is that the timing of resources that the grasses need to flower …
Application Of Different Levels Of Byproducts From Quinua (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) In The Preparation Of Rations For Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus L.) In The Growing And Fattening Stages, Grover Antonio Aduviri Paredes
Application Of Different Levels Of Byproducts From Quinua (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) In The Preparation Of Rations For Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus L.) In The Growing And Fattening Stages, Grover Antonio Aduviri Paredes
Theses and Dissertations
From quinua crop residue it is possible to obtain byproducts that can be used to feed small animals, especially guinea pigs. These byproducts can become an alternative feed to ameliorate food deficiencies generally present in the Altiplano. This study compared the effect of consumed quinua meal rations on guinea pig body weight increase and food and economic conversion. This project was developed in two phases: pre-experimental and experimental. In the first phase, genetic material appropriate for the project and the initial rations for consumption was acquired. The second phase included the experimental design where the treatments were developed. The study …
Effect Of Early Weaning On Piglet Weight Gain And Fertility In Sows (Sus Scrofa) In Carmen Pampa Of Nor Yungas - La Paz, Darwin Juan Luna Isita
Effect Of Early Weaning On Piglet Weight Gain And Fertility In Sows (Sus Scrofa) In Carmen Pampa Of Nor Yungas - La Paz, Darwin Juan Luna Isita
Theses and Dissertations
This study was carried out in swine production facilities of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic Studies at the Rural Academic Unit of Carmen Pampa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weaning male and female piglets at different times on their weight gain and the fertility of the sows. Four three year old sows that had a total of 40 piglets (25 males and 15 females) were used. The piglets were distributed across the following treatments: T1 - weaning 9 piglets (5 males and 4 females) at 56 days, T2 - weaning 13 piglets …
Metabolic Profile And Nitrogen Balance In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Jipi Quinua And Barley Hay, Viacha Municipality - Department Of La Paz, Meliton Ajata Avircata
Metabolic Profile And Nitrogen Balance In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Jipi Quinua And Barley Hay, Viacha Municipality - Department Of La Paz, Meliton Ajata Avircata
Theses and Dissertations
This research was completed in Letanías, Viacha, La Paz, Bolivia, to determine the metabolic profile in blood plasma (total protein, glucose, urea, albumin, total lipids, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations), live weight gain, and Nitrogen balance in adult llamas fed with 4 rations of barley and quinoa residue. Eight adult (4-5 year old) Q’ara type llamas were used in this study. Study llamas were trained to stay in metabolic cages with feces collection harnesses. Llamas were given one of the following feed rations: ration A (20% quinoa residue, 80% barley), ration B (40% quinoa residue, 60% barley), ration C (60% …
Apparent Digestibility In Vicunas Fed With Soft Straw And Alfalfa In The C.E.A.C., Felisa Capriles Apaza
Apparent Digestibility In Vicunas Fed With Soft Straw And Alfalfa In The C.E.A.C., Felisa Capriles Apaza
Theses and Dissertations
South American camelids are a source of fiber and meat for the inhabitants of the Andean region of Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. When camelids are well fed they efficiently convert the Andean flora into meat with high protein content. Vicuñas have a great capacity to produce wool to be used as a high quality fiber. However, the yield of vicuña meat production is generally low. There have been several studies concerning nutritional forage sources for camelids, resulting in improved nutrition, decreased morbidity and mortality, and intensified production systems. Soft straw is a source of tough forage with low protein content. …
Effect Of The Use Of Amaranth Leaf Flour In The Development Of A Diet For Guinea Pigs, Verónica Del Rocío Guerrero Carrera
Effect Of The Use Of Amaranth Leaf Flour In The Development Of A Diet For Guinea Pigs, Verónica Del Rocío Guerrero Carrera
Theses and Dissertations
This study was carried out in the San Clemente community. The objective was to analyze the effect of using amaranth leaf flour in the creation of a diet for guinea pigs. The field work was done over a period of 12 months and was done in two phases: Development of the diet: this was done by growing the amaranth, cutting it, and dehydrating it until flour was obtained. Then, it was mixed into the diet in accordance with the pre-determined formula along with the other respective materials. Handling of guinea pigs: This was done in the shed of the San …
In Vivo Digestibility In Llamas (Lama Glama), Fed With Barley And Paja Brava At The C.E.A.C., Martha Jesusa Llanos Pérez
In Vivo Digestibility In Llamas (Lama Glama), Fed With Barley And Paja Brava At The C.E.A.C., Martha Jesusa Llanos Pérez
Theses and Dissertations
The Highlands of Bolivia present a great diversity of native botanical species with strong forage characteristics, providing them with a considerable potential for usage as a resource in the feeding of cattle. The following work was performed with the idea of taking advantage of the zone’s native species as a source for the feeding of llama cattle. In order to accomplish it, we took into consideration the following variables: food consumption, water consumption, amount of fecal excretions, urine volume, body weight, and the digestibility of the nutrients found in the food prepared with paja brava and barley (ash, protein, fiber, …
Apparent Digestibility In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With (Stipa Ichu) Treated With Urea And Molasses At The C.E.A.C., Ninfa Jacqueline Magne Colque
Apparent Digestibility In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With (Stipa Ichu) Treated With Urea And Molasses At The C.E.A.C., Ninfa Jacqueline Magne Colque
Theses and Dissertations
The following work was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Center under the title of : Apparent digestibility in llamas feed with stipa ichu (Peruvian feather grass) treated with urea and molasses, for which 3 assays were performed in reference to the study : 1) percentage of assimilation of the treated and non- treated grass, 2) apparent digestibility of fiber and protein after and before feeding, and 3) determine the adequate levels of urea and molasses for the chemical treatment of the grass (Stipa ichu). For the first assay, the greater consumption was obtained at the level of 3 (3% of …
Development Of A Process Of Addition Of Tricalcium Phosphate From Burnt Phosphate Rock In Feed For Animal Nutrition, Luis Fernando Nogales Grágeda
Development Of A Process Of Addition Of Tricalcium Phosphate From Burnt Phosphate Rock In Feed For Animal Nutrition, Luis Fernando Nogales Grágeda
Theses and Dissertations
This study took place in Bolivia with the purpose of using thermally treated Capinota phosphate rock as a phosphorous supplement in balanced feed diets. The objective was to produce a natural phosphate substance that would be more easily accessible to the local population than commercial feed supplements. An additional objective of this study was to increase the availability of the low-fluoride phosphorous. The biological assays indicated that the diet with the added burned phosphoric rock produced similar yields to those using a commercial feed supplement (dicalcium phosphate). This indicates that the locally manufactured product, by partial acidification, can compete with …
Biochemical And Molecular Nutrition Blocks As Dietary Supplements In Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Last Third Of The Gestation Period Of The Ceac, Janette Illanes Callejas
Biochemical And Molecular Nutrition Blocks As Dietary Supplements In Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Last Third Of The Gestation Period Of The Ceac, Janette Illanes Callejas
Theses and Dissertations
The present work consisted in the use of biochemical and molecular nutrition blocks (BMN) in llamas during the last third of the gestation period, at the Agricultural Experiment Center of Condori (CEAC), located 49 km north of the city of Oruro, and 12 km north of the Caracollo population, in the province of Cercado. For this research work, we used 20 pregnant llamas in the last third of their gestation period, between the ages of 2 and 3 years old, 10 of which belonged to the Khara breed, and 10 to the Thampulli breed. Two corrals of 7 x 7 …
Determination Of The Nutritional Level Of Calcium And Phosphorus In Llamas (Lama Glama) In Two Seasons In The Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center, Gustavo Adolfo León Titichoca
Determination Of The Nutritional Level Of Calcium And Phosphorus In Llamas (Lama Glama) In Two Seasons In The Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center, Gustavo Adolfo León Titichoca
Theses and Dissertations
The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined in 12 llamas from the Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center (Oruro Technical University) of Oruro, Bolivia during two seasons (wet and dry) and at three ages (newborn, juvenile, and adult). Samples of flesh were taken from the arm, leg, back, rib, and neck. Pasture samples (grassland and prairie) were used to determine the rate of biting of each animal studied. The blood samples were taken by extracting blood from a jugular vein. The minerals (Ca and P) in the flesh are highest in the wet season, 113.78 mg/100 g. The newborns were found …
Digestibility Of Legumes And Grassy Forages In Guinea Pig Feeding, Javier Americo Campos Villarroel
Digestibility Of Legumes And Grassy Forages In Guinea Pig Feeding, Javier Americo Campos Villarroel
Theses and Dissertations
With the objective to determine guinea pig digestibility of the nutritive components of Vicia villosa, red clover, and Lolium multiflorum in relation to alfalfa, the digestibility coefficients were evaluated for fiber, protein, dry matter, energy, and dry matter consumption in these three species in a completely random block design with four repetitions. The results showed that for alfalfa digestibility coefficients of 85.7% of the protein and 2806.6 kcal/kg of digestible energy, plus an economic substitution value (ESV) of fiber, protein, and energy of US$0.41 and $0.38/kg and US$0.009/1000 kcal, respectively. Lolium multiflorum had the highest tendency toward digestibility with 60.7% …
Determination Of Protein Profile And Presence Of Antibodies In Llama Seminal Plasma (Llama Glama), Francisco Flores Lópes
Determination Of Protein Profile And Presence Of Antibodies In Llama Seminal Plasma (Llama Glama), Francisco Flores Lópes
Theses and Dissertations
Internationally, Bolivia has the largest llama population followed by Peru. This makes our country a power in this renewable resource for working and generating economic development. This is mainly because of the quality of llama meat, which has nutritional properties superior to other animal species. The development and research in our country of llamas is not very significant. But in other countries advanced studies have been done for years, specifically in the area of reproduction, which represents problems for intensive repopulation because of singular characteristics of semen and copulation. The present research work was done at the UAC in Tiahuanacu …
Rangeland Dynamics And Pastoral Development In The High Andes: The Camelid Herders Of Cosapa, Bolivia, Lita P. Buttolph
Rangeland Dynamics And Pastoral Development In The High Andes: The Camelid Herders Of Cosapa, Bolivia, Lita P. Buttolph
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Current models of rangeland system dynamics were evaluated in Cosapa, a pastoral community on the Bolivian altiplano. Two specific models were tested: the "equilibrium" model, which assumes biotic interactions dominate rangeland dynamics and lead to system stability, and the "nonequilibrium" model, in which stochastic, abiotic factors control systems such that equilibrium is never attained. A livestock development project (called "Project Alpaca") working in the community was then assessed in terms of how its assumptions of system dynamics compared with empirical findings. The goal of Project Alpaca was to increase incomes for camelid (i.e., llama and alpaca) herders on the …