Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Journal

2003

Keyword

Articles 1 - 30 of 103

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For 22 To 45 Lb Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For 22 To 45 Lb Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,440 pigs (initially 22.5 lb and 21 d after weaning) was used in a 21-d growth assay to determine the optimal lysine level to maximize growth performance of 22- to 45-lb pigs. Pigs were fed one of five dietary treatments with increasing dietary lysine (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5% true digestible lysine). All diets had the same soybean meal level with crystalline amino acids added to achieve the increasing lysine levels while maintaining a minimum ratio of all other amino acids to lysine. Average daily gain and feed efficiency improved linearly (P<0.01) with increasing dietary lysine. Although the response to lysine was linear (P<0.01), it would appear that pigs weighing between 22 and 45 lb require approximately 1.4% true digestible lysine (1.54% total lysine) to maximize growth performance.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

Go to article

Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve multiparous sows were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding diets with or without Carnichrome® (50 ppm carnitine and 200 ppb chromium picolonate) on the components of heat production (HP) in early, mid and late gestation. All sows were fed dietary treatments for the 28 d lactation, and the subsequent weaning to estrus and gestation periods. The kinetics of HP and its partitioning (basal or resting HP, activity HP, and short term thermic effect of feeding (TEFst)) were determined during three stages of gestation, early (weeks 5 or 6), mid (weeks 9 or …

Go to article

Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 32-day growth study with a total of 252 weanling pigs (18 ± 3 d of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic, Inulin (a fructooligosaccharide derivative of chicory), and a direct fed microbial (Lactobacillus strain) in diets for weanling pigs. Pigs were fed one of six experimental diets containing: 1) no antibiotic or prebiotic (negative control); 2) carbadox (50 g/ton, positive control); 3) direct fed microbial (DFM, 0.1%); 4) Inulin (0.5% and 0.2% of phase I and phase II diets, respectively); 5) carbadox plus DFM; or 6) carbadox plus Inulin. Pigs fed carbadox improved (P<0.04) ADG from d 0 to 14, 14 to 32, and overall (0 to 32) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing carbadox increased (P<0.01) ADFI from d 0 to 14 and tended to have increased (P<0.06) ADFI overall compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. No differences in ADG or ADFI were seen for pigs fed diets containing either Inulin or the DFM compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin or DFM. Pigs fed the DFM had poorer feed efficiency d 0 to 14 (P<0.03), 14 to 32 (P<0.01), and overall (P<0.01) compared to those fed diets without DFM. Also, there was a trend for pigs fed diets containing Inulin to have poorer feed efficiency (P<0.07) from d 14 to 32 and overall when compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin. There were no additive responses for ADG or ADFI when Inulin or DFM were combined with carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing both the DFM and carbadox resulted in poorer feed efficiency (P<0.02) from d 14 to 32 and overall (0 to 32) than pigs fed diets without carbadox or DFM. Pigs fed the diet containing Inulin and carbadox had poorer feed efficiency from d 0 to 14 (P<0.04) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox or Inulin. In summary, nursery diets containing either Inulin or the DFM did not enhance growth performance; however, carbadox improved ADG and ADFI.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

Go to article

The Effects Of Poultry Meal And Fishmeal On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Effects Of Poultry Meal And Fishmeal On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 210 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb and 21 ± 2 d of age, PIC) was used to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fishmeal and stabilized poultry meal on growth performance of nursery pigs. Five dietary treatments were fed from d 0 to 28 after weaning. Diets included a control with no specialty protein products and diets with 2.5% and 5.0% fishmeal and poultry meal replacing the lysine provide by fishmeal at 2.9% and 5.9%. All the diets were formulated on an equal lysine basis. Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed diets containing fishmeal had greater …

Go to article

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three individual trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing the amount of crystalline amino acids (L-lysine, L threonine, and DL-methionine) as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet on pig growth performance. A second objective was to determine if increasing net energy (NE) concentration in the diet as a result of increased crystalline amino acids and less soybean meal would affect pig growth. In all three studies, pigs (each approximately 21 lb) were fed a cornsoybean meal diet, or diets with 2, 4, 6, or 8 lb/ton L-lysine HCl and other amino acids to maintain their proper …

Go to article

Evaluation Of Hemicell® On Growth Performance Of Late Nursery Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Hemicell® On Growth Performance Of Late Nursery Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 276 pigs (initially 21.9 lb) was used to determine the effects of added Hemicell® on growth performance. Hemicell® is a patented fermentation product of Bacillus lentus. The active ingredient in the fermentation product is β-mannanase. However, other enzymes such as amylase, xylanase, cellulases, and α-galactosidase also are present. It is claimed that Hemicell® degrades β-mannan in feed, thus, removing its effects as an antinutritive factor in swine diets. Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial, with or without 0.05% Hemicell®, in diets with 3 levels of energy density (1,388, 1,488, 1,588 ME, kcal/lb). The …

Go to article

Effects Of L-Carnitine On Fetal Growth And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Pigs (2003), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, D P. Gnad, J D. Dunn, E K. Sissom, James J. Higgins, J C. Woodworth Jan 2003

Effects Of L-Carnitine On Fetal Growth And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Pigs (2003), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, D P. Gnad, J D. Dunn, E K. Sissom, James J. Higgins, J C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve sows were used to examine the effects of feeding L-carnitine from artificial insemination to mid-gestation on maternal circulating IGF-I and carnitine concentrations and fetal growth. Supplementing L-carnitine did not influence the serum concentration of IGF-I. However, sows that were fed carnitine had increased circulating plasma free carnitine. Litters from sows fed L-carnitine were heavier and had more fetuses. The increase in litter fetus number was not detrimental to other growth traits such as individual fetal weight or crown to rump length. Our study suggests that feeding L-carnitine to gestating sows is beneficial for fetal growth and development.; Swine Day, …

Go to article

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Lysine With Other Amino Acids On Growth Performance Of 85- To 135-Lb Gilts (2003), R G. Main, J Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Lysine With Other Amino Acids On Growth Performance Of 85- To 135-Lb Gilts (2003), R G. Main, J Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,134 gilts (each initially 85 lb, PIC L337 x C22) was used in a 28-d experiment to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with up to 8 lb/ton of crystalline Llysine HCl with other crystalline amino acids on growth performance. Gilts were randomly allotted to one of six experimental diets. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based with 3% added fat. Diets included a negative control containing 3 lb/ton of L-lysine HCl and formulated to 0.90% true ileal digestible lysine. Two additional diets were formulated with 3 lb/ton Llysine to 1.0% true ileal digestible lysine but with or without …

Go to article

Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Finishing Pig Growth Performance (2003), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Finishing Pig Growth Performance (2003), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 144 finishing pigs (72 barrows and 72 gilts, initially 85 lb) were used to determine the effects of calcium to total phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio in diets containing phytase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bone ash percentage. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building with two pigs per pen and six pens per sex per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of six dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets fed in three phases. In each phase, diets consisted …

Go to article

Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six pigs (initially 13.8 lb.) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the interactive effects between pelleting and particle size on Salmonella serovar Typhimurium shedding and colonization in a young growing pig model. The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of meal or pelleted diets with fine or coarse ground corn. Pigs were fed the diets 1 wk pre-salmonella inoculation and allotted based on weight to one of four dietary treatments. For the main effect of particle size, pigs fed finer ground corn had significantly improved feed efficiency (P0.82). There was no difference in salmonella infection …

Go to article

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Alternatives In Irradiated Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Alternatives In Irradiated Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous research at Kansas State University indicated that irradiation can effectively reduce the bacteria concentration in nursery diets. Therefore, we hypothesized that eliminating bacteria in the feed via irradiation would provide a model to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial alternatives. In a 27-d growth assay, 330 weanling pigs (13.2 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age, PIC) were fed one of 9 experimental diets: 1) control diet with no antimicrobials, 2) irradiated control diet with no antimicrobials, and the irradiated control diet with added: 3) carbadox (50 g/ton), 4) Probios® (1.6% from d 0 to 14 and 0.8% from …

Go to article

Added Fat In Diets For Pigs In Early And Late Finishing (2003), E C. Baudon, N Llanes, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2003

Added Fat In Diets For Pigs In Early And Late Finishing (2003), E C. Baudon, N Llanes, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 416 pigs, with an average initial body weight of 127 lb, was used to determine the effect of adding fat in diets for early and late finishing on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were: a no added fat control; addition of fat in early finishing (127 to 219 lb body weight); addition of fat in late finishing (219 to 280 lb body weight); and addition of fat throughout finishing (127 to 280 lb body weight). For the first period (127 to 219 lb body weight), ADG and F/G were improved by 5 and 9%, respectively, when …

Go to article

Particle Size, Mill Type, And Added Fat Influence Flow Ability Of Ground Corn (2003), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Particle Size, Mill Type, And Added Fat Influence Flow Ability Of Ground Corn (2003), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We conducted three experiments to determine effect of particle size, mill type, and added fat on flow characteristics of ground corn. In Experiment 1, corn was ground with either a hammer mill or a roller mill to produce six samples with different particle sizes. The particle size for the corn ground with a roller mill ranged from 1,235 to 502 microns with standard deviation ranging from 1.83 to 2.03. Particle size for corn ground with a hammer mill ranged from 980 to 390 microns with standard deviation ranging from 2.56 to 2.12. All samples were dried 12 hours to equalize …

Go to article

Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach Jan 2003

Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 mixed-parity sows (parities one to four) was used to determine the effects of particle size of corn in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. The sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with targeted corn particle sizes of 1,500, 900, and 600 μm (actual means particle sizes of corn during the experiment were 1,600, 824 and 619 μm). Reducing mean particle size of the corn in lactation diets from 1,500 to 600 microns resulted in greater ADFI and water usage (linear effects, P<0.02), fewer days for return to estrus after weaning (linear effect, P<0.04), and less backfat loss (quadratic effect, P<0.03) for the sows. Although the trends in pigs weaned per litter, piglet survivability, litter weaning weight, and litter weight gain were in the same direction as those for feed intake and water usage in the sows, the difference in measurements of litter performance was not statistically important among treatments (P = 0.15 or greater). Intakes of DM, N, and GE by the sows were increased by 9, 4, and 7% and apparent digestibilities of DM, N, and GE were increased by 6, 5, and 7%, respectively, as particle size of corn was decreased from 1,500 to 600 μm (linear effects, P<0.001). Finally, excretion of DM and N in the feces was decreased (linear effect, P<0.002) by 178 g/d and 5 g/d, respectively, as particle size of the corn on the sow diets was reduced. In conclusion, reducing particle size of corn did not affect litter performance but increased feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and reduced nutrient excretion in sows.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

Go to article

Effects Of Bioplus 2b And Levucell Sb On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Shedding In Response To Oral Challenge With Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Bioplus 2b And Levucell Sb On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Shedding In Response To Oral Challenge With Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-five pigs (initially 12.9 lb and 15 ±1 d of age) were used in two 28-d trials to determine the effects of the probiotics BioPlus 2B (a bacillus-based product from Chr. Hansen BioSystems), a source of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, and Levucell SB (an active dry yeast product from Lallemand Animal Nutrition), a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) product that is a source of mannanoligosaccharides on growth and performance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium shedding in a young growing pig model. Pigs were fed one of five dietary treatments: 1) A control diet containing no probiotics or antibiotics; 2) the control …

Go to article

Dietary Energy Density And Growing-Finishing Pig Performance And Profitability (2003), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Dietary Energy Density And Growing-Finishing Pig Performance And Profitability (2003), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A retrospective analysis of 25 studies (16 at university and 9 at field research facilities) was conducted to model the response in ADG and F/G to increasing dietary energy density and its effect on profitability. Average daily feed intake in the field studies was approximately 30% lower than in the university studies, and as pigs increase in weight in the university studies they transition to a non-energy dependent phase of growth at a lighter weight than those in the field studies. The percentage response in ADG per percent added fat in the university studies was greater for the first 2.5% …

Go to article

Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 2003

Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …

Go to article

Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring (2003), E.G. Towne Jan 2003

Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring (2003), E.G. Towne

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Aboveground biomass production was measured on upland and lowland prairie in replicated, ungrazed watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS) that were burned annually for seven years in either autumn (November), winter (February), or spring (April). Average grass and forb biomass did not significantly differ among burn seasons on either topographic site, although production fluctuated considerably over years. Results of this study contrast with many of the conventional views of how tallgrass prairie vegetation responds to seasonal fire.

Go to article

Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler Jan 2003

Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …

Go to article

Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds (2003), S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams Jan 2003

Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds (2003), S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data on Charolais-sired calves were analyzed to evaluate progeny performance related to sire expected progeny differences (EPD) in a large data set of commercial crossbred cattle in several herds across the United States. The traits analyzed were birth weight (n=3,554) and weaning weight (n=3,604) of crossbred progeny from nationally evaluated sires. Birth weight EPD and weaning weight EPD were evaluated as predictors of crossbred performance. Random regression coefficients were estimated for progeny birth weight on sire birth weight EPD of 1.03±0.09 lb/lb of birth weight EPD, and for progeny weaning weight, 0.66±0.11 lb/lb of weaning weight EPD. Published sire birth …

Go to article

Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler Jan 2003

Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Infraspinatus (top blade), gluteus medius (top sirloin), and psoas major (tenderloin) steaks were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses that had either a high (≥6.0) or normal (≤ 5.7) pH, and either slight or small marbling. The steaks were vacuum aged until either 7, 14, 21, or 35 days postmortem. The steaks were broiled and served to a highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel. Steaks with livery flavor were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses for flavor compounds. Steaks aged until 7 or 35 days postmortem were analyzed for the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content to determine lipid oxidation …

Go to article

Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady Jan 2003

Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …

Go to article

Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service has issued a "zero tolerance" for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. The Food Safety and Inspection Service recommends that consumers "Reheat [hotdogs] until steaming" to reduce the risk of listeriosis. We evaluated L. monocytogenes survival on inoculated frankfurters after reheating using common, in-home consumer practices. Frankfurters were inoculated with a six-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to an initial level of approximately 107 colony forming units (CFU)/gram. Eight inoculated franks for each treatment were cooked using boiling water, a conventional electric oven, or a microwave oven. L. monocytogenes recovery was calculated …

Go to article

Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef (2003), L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 2003

Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef (2003), L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Spices and plant components are being used more often in food products as natural antimicrobials. Dried plums are effective antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ability of dried plum mixtures to increase the shelf life of ground beef at refrigeration temperatures. Ground beef (80% lean) was mixed with 6% dried plum mixtures and stored at 45°F. Ground meat containing any of the seven dried plum mixtures remained at the initial total aerobic count of 6 log CFU/gram after 13 days compared to 8.5 log CFU/gram at 13 days for …

Go to article

Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2003), G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence Jan 2003

Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2003), G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-eight, spring-born, yearling heifers were raised, estrous synchronized, artificially inseminated once, and then finished at the Kansas State University Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center at Hays to determine the effects of pregnancy status on feedlot performance and carcass traits. To achieve a common endpoint at slaughter, heifers were allotted to one of two slaughter dates to achieve a backfat measurement of 0.5 inch. Therefore, both open and pregnant heifers were slaughtered at either 105 or 147 days (fetal age averaged 174 days for the pregnant heifers). Initial weight, rate of gain, and final weight were similar …

Go to article

Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2003

Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A retrospective analysis of 6,231 head of stocker and feeder cattle comprising 24 separate lots was conducted to evaluate the extent and degree of improper dosing that would have occurred in individual animals if all animals in each lot were treated with a single dosage level of a pharmaceutical product based upon the average weight of the lot. Nine hundred forty-six head would have been overdosed by 10% or more, while 831 head would have been underdosed by 10% or more. Four hundred thirty-eight head would have been overdosed by 15% or more, while 366 head would have been underdosed …

Go to article

Relationships Between Live Animal Ultrasound Predicted Intramuscular Fat And Shear Force In Fed Cattle (2003), L.D. Keenan, Daniel W. Moser, D.R. Eborn, T.T. Marston Jan 2003

Relationships Between Live Animal Ultrasound Predicted Intramuscular Fat And Shear Force In Fed Cattle (2003), L.D. Keenan, Daniel W. Moser, D.R. Eborn, T.T. Marston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Approximately 280 Simmental- and Hereford- sired feedlot steers were ultrasonically evaluated for intramuscular fat deposition using CPEC and Critical Vision, Inc. (CVI) ultrasound systems. Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements were taken on steaks from the 13th rib region. Differences between CPEC and CVI ultrasound and actual marbling measurements were corrected for bias and identified as CPEC deviation and CVI deviation. Correlation coefficients and linear models were used to determine if shear force values were associated with amount of intramuscular fat predicted by the ultrasound systems. Correlation coefficients of CPEC deviation and CVI deviation with shear force were 0.18 and 0.15, respectively. …

Go to article

Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch (2003), A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger Jan 2003

Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch (2003), A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous research demonstrated that an estrus-synchronization program using a short period of melengestrol acetate (MGA) feeding in conjunction with a Cosynch protocol was effective in synchronizing estrus in postpartum beef cows. The objective of our study was to test this synchronization protocol (7-11 Cosynch) in yearling beef heifers in comparison to a Cosynch protocol. Fifty-eight commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned randomly to two protocols: Cosynch (n=29) and 7-11 Cosynch (n=29). Beginning on day 1, heifers in the 7-11 Cosynch protocol were fed MGA (0.5 mg/heifer daily) for 7 days. On day 7, the last day of MGA feeding, the …

Go to article

Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …

Go to article

Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We explored the mechanism(s) of calcium- induced tenderization in calcium-enhanced beef muscle. At 72 hours postmortem, we injected (9% by weight) beef strip loins (n=15) with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) with and without 0.05 M zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and they were then aged until 15 days postmortem. Warner- Bratzler shear force peak values indicated that addition of ZnCl2 drastically inhibited tenderization; however, enhancement with CaCl2 still tended to reduce shear values (P=0.07; 0.55 kg) when ZnCl2 was present. In the absence of ZnCl2, the 0.2 and 0.4 M CaCl2 treatments were 18.9 and 32.1% …

Go to article

Next Last