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Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (December 1976) 44(4)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Food Remains from a Barn Owl Nest in Nebraska ........................54

1976 Fall Field Day ........................57

Parasitic (?) Jaeger at Lake Manawa, Iowa ........................58

Book Reviews ........................59

Notes ........................60

Index of Volume XXX XIV ........................62

Reproductive Performance Of Swine Bred To Produce Purebred And Two-Breed Cross Litters, L. D. Young, R. K. Johnson, I. T. Omtvedt

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

These data included the records of 818 purebred gilts and sows of Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire breeding mated to produce all purebreds and all possible two-way crosses. A total of 212 gilts were slaughtered 30-day postbreeding (72 purebred matings and 140 crossbred matings) to evaluate ovulation rate, number of live embryos, average embryo length and embryo survival rate. A total of 450 litters (161 purebred and 289 crossbred) were farrowed to evaluate litter size, litter weight and average pig weight at O, 21 and 42 days postfarrowing. Litters were farrowed in the spring and fall of 1971 and 1973 and …

Characterization Of Biological Types Of Cattle Iii. Carcass Composition, Quality And Palatability, R. M. Koch, M. E. Dikeman, D. M. Allen, M. May, J. D. Crouse, D. R. Campion

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Composition and quality characteristics of 1,121 steer carcasses obtained after mating Hereford and Angus cows to Hereford, Angus, Jersey, South Devon, Limousin, Charolais and Simmental sires were compared at a (1) constant age, (2) constant weight, and (3) constant percentage of fat in the longissimus muscle. Taste panel evaluation was made on a subsample of 496 carcasses. Growth rate of retail product, fat trim and bone differed significantly among sire breed groups. Breed group differences in relative proportions of retail product, fat trim and bone were largest when compared at a constant carcass weight and smallest when compared at equal …

Dairy Cattle Breeding: Contributions Of Research On Field Data, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Papers about dairy cattle breeding published in the Journal of Dairy Science from 1960 through 1975 were categorized according to whether the data came from institutional herds or from field collection and also according to whether the research was done with support of a regional project. Most project papers involved institutional data. The vast majority of non-project papers made use of field data. Nearly all papers classified as theoretical were also associated with field data or field recommendations. The major impact of breeding research projects with field data has been from improved genetic evaluation for production and from development of …

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (September 1976) 44(3)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

White-necked Raven Reported ..................38

1976 (Fifty-first) Spring Migration and Occurrence Report ..................39

Notes ..................52

Flight Of The Sea Ducks, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

Their migration routes have been charted. Their breeding biology is known. Their eggs meat and feathers have long been used by man. But eiders at sea remain an enigma.

Nesting in colonies that can number hundreds of birds, the eiders are among the most conspicuous of tundra-breeding birds. Although female eiders are a study in grays and browns that match the arctic tundra, the males are most boldly patterned in black and white, with striking green head colors. When the nesting season ends, the birds disperse over the vastnesses of the northern oceans, out of range of most human observers. …

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (June 1976) 44(2)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

The Seventy-fifth Annual Meeting ..................................... 18

1975 (Eighteenth) Fall Occurrence Report ........................... 19

Brown Towhee Reported ................................. 30

Book Reviews........................................ 31

Notes ................................................ 33

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Federal Regulations Pertaining To Collection, Import, Export, And Transport Of Scientific Specimens Of Mammals, Hugh H. Genoways, Jerry R. Choate

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The routine tasks of mammalogists whose research or curatorial activities include collecting, importing, processing, exporting, or interstate transporting of living or dead scientific specimens of mammals have become increasingly complicated by newly enacted (or more rigorously enforced) Federal regulations. These regulations were necessary largely because of the activities of non-scientists, but their provisions have had a tremendous impact on the activities of scientists (especially museum-based systematists and ecologists). Most mammalogists have expressed a willingness to comply with the regulations (although nearly all agree that administration of the permit system should be consolidated into a single office) if they can obtain …

Postweaning Performance And Carcass Merit Of Purebred And Two-Breed Cross Pigs, L. D. Young, R. K. Johnson, I. T. Omtvedt, L. E. Walters

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The feedlot records of 2,111 purebred and crossbred pigs representing all purebred and all possible two-way crosses of Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire were analyzed to evaluate average daily gain on test, age at 100 kg, average backfat probe of gilts, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion. A random sample of 392 barrows was used to evaluate carcass traits. The data were analyzed to determine breed of sire and breed of dam effects, to evaluate differences between reciprocal crosses and to estimate heterosis.

Breed of sire and breed of dam effects were significant for many of the traits evaluated. Straightbred …

Effects Of Levels Of Crude Protein On Performance Of Growing Boars, W. G. Luce, R. K. Johnson, L. E. Walters

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials involving 216 growing boars were conducted to study the effects of different levels of crude protein on daily gains, feed efficiency, feed intake and estimated carcass characteristics. The boars were fed either a 16, 18 or 20% crude protein ration from 23.8 to 55.8 kg (period 1). Upon completion of period 1, the protein level was reduced 2% for each treatment (14, 16 and 18%, respectively) from 55.8 to 99.6 kg (period 2).

Average daily gain increased linearly (P<.01) and feed required per unit gain decreased quadratically (P<.05) as the percent protein in the diet increased from 16 to 20% in period 1 and 14 to 18% in period 2. Average daily feed intake was similar for boars on each treatment. Scanned backfat thickness decreased linearly (P<.01) and scanned longissimus muscle area increased linearly (P<.05) as protein in the diet increased.

A New Species Of Chiroderma From Guadeloupe, West Indies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), Robert J. Baker, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

During the course of a study of the bat faunas of the Caribbean islands we obtained a specimen of Chiroderma from the island of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. The nearest known populations of this genus occur on Tobago and Trinidad (C. villosum and C. trinitatum). approximately 550 kilometers to the south. This specimen represents a distinct new species that appears to be most closely related to C. doriae and C. villosum. This new species is named and described.

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (March 1976) 44(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

1975 Treasurer's Report....................... 2

Gyrfalcon Taken in Nebraska .......................3

1975 Christmas Count....................... 3

1975 Nebraska Nesting Survey....................... 8

Vertebrate Remains in Great Horned Owl Pellets in Nebraska .......................12

Notes .......................16

Investigations Of The Ichthyofauna Of Nicaraguan Lakes: Frontmatter

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Dedication
Commentary on this Compendium
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Contents

Geography Of Lake Nicaragua, Jaime Incer

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The area surrounding Lake Nicaragua is discussed from the standpoints of its history, geological setting, climate and vegetation. A physical description of the lake itself is given, including the nature of its bottom, its shoreline, its islands and volcanoes.

Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …

Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

a. This paper presents an account of fecundity studies into T. mossambica under Middle Central American conditions and limnological investigations into Lake Moyua/Nicaragua which have been performed during 1961/62.

b. Data obtained as to fecundity of T. mossambica are discussed in the light of the term prolificy and with regard to ecological and biological characteristics of Nicaraguan waters and native fish fauna.

c. A more detailed contemplation about the possible effects of a spread out or transplantation of T. mossambica into other Nicaraguan waters concludes the paper.

Bottom Sediments Of Lake Nicaragua And Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua, Frederick M. Swain

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Lakes Nicaragua and Managua are large, rather shallow, fresh-water bodies that lie in a late Tertiary and Quaternary graben in western Nicaragua.
The bottom sediments comprise highly organic diatomaceous volcanic silts and clays in which quartz plagioclase feldspar, dioctahedral montmorillonite and volcanic glass are the principal constituents.
Organic nitrogen content of the lake sediments ranges from 0.3-1.2 percent, about the same range as in eutrophic lakes of higher latitudes. Bitumen content is rather low, much like that of oligotrophic lakes. Hydrocarbon fractions of bitumens are similar in amount to an alkaline lake of western U. S. Non-hydrocarbon bitumens are high …

Ichthyology Of The Lakes Of Nicaragua: Historical Perspective, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Scientific study of Nicaraguan freshwater fishes did not begin until Gunther described the first species from Lake Nicaragua in 1864, but actual accounts of several interesting fishes were written as early as the sixteenth century by the first historians of the New World. These accounts ranged from hearsay to rather detailed (for their time) descriptions and first-hand observations on the form and life of some species. In some cases these observations or conclusions have been doubted for many decades but confirmed and elaborated in recent years. Therefore I believe it may be of interest to examine the early chronicles.

Una Teoría Sobre El Origen De Los Peces De Xiloà, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

A finales de 1965 v en conexion con estudios en curso sobre la herpetolog( a nicaragiiense colec te una pequena serie de peces de la Laguna de Xiloa que revelaron aspectos interesantes y me indujeron a realizar colecciones extensivas en toda la laguna; estas colecciones se realizaron durante 1966-68 y cons tan de varios cientos de ejemplares, depositados en la Universidad de Costa Rica y en mi coleccion particular. El material acumulado durante estos anos y las notas tomadas durante todo el tiempo en que se realizaron han sido suficientes para permitir una serie de conclusiones en diversos aspectos, algunas …

Some Speculations About "The Great Nicaraguan Lake", Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The available evidence indicates that Lakes Managua and Nicaragua were broadly connected in the past, when most of the fish species invaded the "Great Nicaraguan Lake". Due to the lowering of the water level (caused perhaps by tectonic movements and/or erosion produced by the Rio San Juan), Lake Managua became separated from Lake Nicaragua in the Tipitapa area. Water movement from Lake Managua is achieved mostly by seepage through a porous dropoff which prevents the exchange of fishes between the lakes. At about the same time, if not earler, Lake Xilml also became separated. After the more or less permanent …

Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The nature, composition, and evolution of Centra) American freshwater fish groups are discussed in relation to the history and derivation of the faunal elements. It is concluded that the entire area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and eastern Panama was and always had been devoid of primary (obligatory) freshwater fishes prior to the very late Tertiary. Instead, secondary freshwater fishes evolved in this area during the Neogene and perhaps for a longer period, the Poeciliidae having probably had a longer history within the area than the Cichlidae. In the late Tertiary a very few North American immigrants entered the area …

Peces De La Cuenca De Los Grandes Lagos De Nicaragua, Ignacio Astorqui

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

El presente trabajo se basa en una coleccion de peces hecha en Nicaragua par el Profesor Luis R. Rivas y el autor des de el 11 de Junia hasta el 14 de Julio de 1960. El trabajo se limita a la cuenca de los Grandes Lagos y rios trio butarios (Fig. 1). La mayor parte del material procede de esta zona y no pre· ten de ser un trabajo ictio16gico definitivo acerca de Nicaragua.
Aspectos de la paleografia de Centroamerica, el origen de la fauna de los lagos y la historia de la ictiologia de Nicaragua se encuentran en un …

Digenea Of Fishes From Lake Nicaragua, Donald E. Watson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

This paper covers a collection of helminths made during the summer of 1963. The Monogenea and Cestoda of elasmobranchs are reported in a separate paper (Watson and Thorson, 1976). Most of the teleosts were obtained (many still alive) from the fish market in Granada and were caught in Lake Nicaragua. The others were taken by seine or hook and line from the lake, from Tepetate and from San Carlos.
There have been relatively few studies on Digenea from Central America and most of the work has been done on helminths of vertebrates other than fishes. Brenes (1961) catalogued the parasites …

An Investigation Into The Use Of Artificial Habitats As A Means Of Increasing The Fishery Productivity Of The Great Lakes Complex Of Nicaragua, Terrance M. Lim, Kenneth R. Mckaye, Douglas J. Weiland

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Protein deficiency is a major dietary problem in Central America where protein-rich foods are scarce and costly. Fish, however, represents a rich source of animal protein that is not being utilized to a significant extent. Moreover, it is a source that could be made available to large portions of the populations of these countries if improvements of the present fishing and distribution methods were realized. Prerequisite to expansion, however, is a basic understanding of the ecosystems and their components. It is at this preliminary stage that the situation presently lies. Once this understanding has been achieved, means of maximizing production …

Informe Sobre Los Resultados Del Programa De Investigacion De Los Recursos Pesqueros Del Lago De Nicaragua, Instituto De Fomento Nacional

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

E1 Instituto de Fomento Nacional (INFONAC), basado en los principios de su Ley Creadora y en la politica de desarrollo pesquero que se ha trazado, tome en el mes de Enero de 1971, la firme determinacion de iniciar el "Programa de Investigacion de los Recursos Pesqueros del Lago de Nicaragua" con una duracion estimada de tres (3) aiios, teniendo como base de operaciones la Ciudad de Granada.

Length/Weight Frequencies For Five Species Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Richard J. Beatty, Kurt W. Koenig

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

This paper places on record data on the length/weight frequencies of five commercially important species in Lake Nicaragua: Megalops atlanticus, Centropomus parallelus, Lepisosteus tropicus, Cichlasoma citrinellum and Cichlasoma nuaraguense.
The data were collected between November, 1971 and June, 1972, during a preliminary study of the fishery of Lake Nicaragua. The program was sponsored by the Instituto de Fomento Nacional (INFONAC) of Nicaragua, with financial and technical assistance provided by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the United States Peace Corps.

En El Gran Lago, Medicina Y Cultura

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Conociendo la pepesca gaspar por experiencia previa quede muy sorprendido cuando, en Marzo del presente ano, vi dos 0 tres ejemplares nadando rapidamente en las cercanias de la isleta "Guanabana", en el Gran Lago. Acompafiado por mi esposa Marsha y por Michael Springer colectaba peces alrededor de esa isla con redes de mano. Al ver los ejemplares en el agua no pude menos que pensar inmediatamente en la pepesca gaspar, pero no me parecia factible encontrarla ya que la especie no habia sido antes registrada en el Gran Lago cuando, siendo comun en las regiones que habita, es una de …

Systematic Status Of The Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma Dorsatum, C. Granadense And C. Nigritum Meek, Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In his Synopsis of the Fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua, Meek (1907) described 3 new cichlid fishes, Cichlasoma dorsatum, C. granadense and C. nigritum. The descriptions appeared after the two major revisions of the genus Cichlasoma (Pellegrin, 1904; Regan, 1905), which perhaps explains why they have since been ignored.

Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Villa (1968) included C. managuense in the fauna of Lake Xiloá as a "recently introduced" species since the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Nicaragua) had introduced several hundred young individuals of this species from Lake Managua, hatched at the Estacion Experimental "La Calera." Apparently officials of the Ministerio did not determine whether or not C. managuense occurred in Lake Xiloá prior to its introduction.