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- Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences (8)
- Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention (4)
- Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications (2)
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications (1)
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications (1)
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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Vasoactivity And Vasoconstriction Changes In Cattle Related To Time Off Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, James L. Klotz, Glen E. Aiken, Jessica R. Bussard, Andrew P. Foote, David L. Harmon, Ben M. Goff, F. Neal Schrick, James R. Strickland
Vasoactivity And Vasoconstriction Changes In Cattle Related To Time Off Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, James L. Klotz, Glen E. Aiken, Jessica R. Bussard, Andrew P. Foote, David L. Harmon, Ben M. Goff, F. Neal Schrick, James R. Strickland
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Previous research has indicated that serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors in peripheral vasculature are affected by exposure of cattle grazing toxic endophyte-infected (E+; Epichlöe coenophialia) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). The objective of this experiment was to determine the period of time necessary for the vascular effects of ergot alkaloids to subside. Two experiments were conducted to investigate changes in vascular contractile response and vasoconstriction over time relative to removal from an ergot alkaloid-containing E+ tall fescue pasture. In Experiment 1, lateral saphenous vein biopsies were conducted on 21 predominantly Angus steers (357 ± 3 kg body weight) at …
Enhanced Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Shortens The Duration Of Respiratory Disease In Thoroughbred Yearlings, Clara K. Fenger, Thomas Tobin, Patrick J. Casey, Edward A. Roualdes, John L. Langemeier, Ruel Cowles, Deborah M. Haines
Enhanced Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Shortens The Duration Of Respiratory Disease In Thoroughbred Yearlings, Clara K. Fenger, Thomas Tobin, Patrick J. Casey, Edward A. Roualdes, John L. Langemeier, Ruel Cowles, Deborah M. Haines
Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications
Bovine colostrum (BC) is used in humans as a nutritional supplement for immune support and has been shown to reduce Respiratory disease (RD). Other nutritional supplements, minerals and vitamins including mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), zinc and vitamins A, C and E have also been used for immune support. The aim of this prospective blinded randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a BC, MOS, zinc and vitamin based enhanced bovine colostrum supplement (BCS) on incidence and duration of RD occurring in yearling horses. 109 yearlings on two Thoroughbred farms in Central Kentucky were randomly assigned to treatment or placebo …
Effect Of Dietary Starch Source And Concentration On Equine Fecal Microbiota, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Susan H. Hayes, Andrea Crum, Michael D. Flythe
Effect Of Dietary Starch Source And Concentration On Equine Fecal Microbiota, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Susan H. Hayes, Andrea Crum, Michael D. Flythe
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. Thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), HC (high corn), HO (high oats), LC (low corn), LO (low oats), and LW (low pelleted wheat middlings). Horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) before the treatment diets (2 wk; d 1 to 14). Starch was introduced gradually so that …
Mitigation Of Ergot Vasoconstriction By Clover Isoflavones In Goats (Capra Hircus), Glen E. Aiken, Michael D. Flythe, Isabelle A. Kagan, Huihua Ji, Lowell P. Bush
Mitigation Of Ergot Vasoconstriction By Clover Isoflavones In Goats (Capra Hircus), Glen E. Aiken, Michael D. Flythe, Isabelle A. Kagan, Huihua Ji, Lowell P. Bush
Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications
Ergot alkaloids produced by a fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala; formerly Neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) can induce persistent constriction of the vasculature in ruminants, hindering their capability to thermo-regulate core body temperature. There is evidence that isoflavones produced by legumes can relax the vasculature, which suggests that they could relieve ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and mitigate the vulnerability to severe heat stress in ruminants that graze tall fescue. To test if isoflavones can relieve alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction, two pen experiments were conducted with rumen-fistulated goats (Capra hircus) to determine with ultrasonograpy if …
Estrogen Receptor Alpha (Esr1)-Dependent Regulation Of The Mouse Oviductal Transcriptome, Katheryn L. Cerny, Rosanne A. C. Ribeiro, Myoungkun Jeoung, Chemyong Ko, Phillip J. Bridges
Estrogen Receptor Alpha (Esr1)-Dependent Regulation Of The Mouse Oviductal Transcriptome, Katheryn L. Cerny, Rosanne A. C. Ribeiro, Myoungkun Jeoung, Chemyong Ko, Phillip J. Bridges
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) is an important transcriptional regulator in the mammalian oviduct, however ESR1-dependent regulation of the transcriptome of this organ is not well defined, especially at the genomic level. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate estradiol- and ESR1-dependent regulation of the transcriptome of the oviduct using transgenic mice, both with (ESR1KO) and without (wild-type, WT) a global deletion of ESR1. Oviducts were collected from ESR1KO and WT littermates at 23 days of age, or ESR1KO and WT mice were treated with 5 IU PMSG to stimulate follicular development and the production of ovarian estradiol, and the …
Novel Endophyte Varities: What's The Difference?, S. Ray Smith, Timothy D. Phillips
Novel Endophyte Varities: What's The Difference?, S. Ray Smith, Timothy D. Phillips
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Over the past few decades forage producers have seen several major changes in varieties of tall fescue. From the days of Kentucky 31 being the predominant variety, the first change was the development of endophyte-free tall fescue varieties. For many growers, these have been useful additions, especially when coupled with rotational grazing to reduce the risks of overgrazing, and practices that eradicate existing stands of KY-31 and preventing the reintroduction of endophyte infected KY-31. However, these endophyte-free varieties often lacked the persistence of Kentucky 31 and disappointed many early adopters. In the 30 years since the first generation of endophyte-free …
Tall Fescue: Past, Present, Future, Garry D. Lacefield
Tall Fescue: Past, Present, Future, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Tall fescue is a native of Europe. The exact date of its’ introduction into the United States is not known, but likely came as a contaminant in meadow fescue seed from England prior to 1880 (Figure 1). Tall Fescue was an entry in the National Herbarium Collection in 1879 and was grown in plots in Utah, Kentucky and Maryland (USDA) in 1880. In 1916, tall fescue plants were identified in Pullman, Washington with some of these plants taken to Corvallis, Oregon in 1918. Selections out of this initial planting was released in 1945 as the variety Alta.
Tall Fescue Endophyte-Animal Relations: Cutting Edge Research And Implications, Glen E. Aiken
Tall Fescue Endophyte-Animal Relations: Cutting Edge Research And Implications, Glen E. Aiken
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Many cattle producers in Kentucky manage tall fescue as their perennial forage base. Tall fescue has served cow-calf producers well because of its productivity and persistence with minimal management. Like most things, however, “you must take some bad with the good.” The agronomic traits we like so much about tall fescue can be attributed to a fungal endophyte that infects most fescue plants. Without the endophyte, the grass is no longer productive and tolerant of environmental stresses (dry weather, low fertility, and grazing). Unfortunately, the endophyte also produces ergot alkaloids that cause a toxicosis in cattle, which costs the U.S. …
Foreword [2016], S. Ray Smith, Krista Lea
Foreword [2016], S. Ray Smith, Krista Lea
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Monitoring Yogurt Culture Fermentation And Predicting Fermentation Endpoint With Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Timothey P. Mains, Frederick Alan Payne, Michael P. Sama
Monitoring Yogurt Culture Fermentation And Predicting Fermentation Endpoint With Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Timothey P. Mains, Frederick Alan Payne, Michael P. Sama
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Determination of the endpoint of yogurt culture fermentation is a process parameter that could benefit from automation. The feasibility of using a fluorescence sensor technology based on 280 nm excitation and 350 nm emission to predict the endpoint of yogurt culture fermentation was investigated and compared with the endpoint prediction from a near-infrared (880 nm) light backscatter sensor. Yogurt cultures with three levels of milk solids (8%, 10%, and 12%) and three temperatures (40°C, 43°C, and 46°C) were tested with three replications in a 3 x 3 factorial design (n = 27). Prediction models were developed for each optical measurement …
Fatty Acid Profile In Ruminal Content And Blood Plasma Of Finishing Beef Cattle, Supplemented With Different Sources Of Fat, Amanda Pesqueira
Fatty Acid Profile In Ruminal Content And Blood Plasma Of Finishing Beef Cattle, Supplemented With Different Sources Of Fat, Amanda Pesqueira
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Eight steers were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment to study the rumen metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The animals were fed a concentrate diet based on cracked corn grain, corn silage and hay fescue (K31). The dietary fat treatments were a negative control, tallow added at 60g/day, fish oil at 60g/day and heterotrophically grown microalgae high in DHA at 100g/day. Treatments were incorporated immediately prior to feeding each day and dosed through a ruminal fistula mixed with 0.45kg of the diet. Animals were fed at 1.75 x NEm once daily during adaptation then switched …
Effects Of Feeding A Yeast-Based Supplement Containing Docosahexaenoic Acid (Dha) From A Heterotrophically Grown Microalgae, Vitamin E, And Selenium On Stallion Sperm Motion Characteristics, Lauren D. Goedde
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
The use of cooled and frozen stallion semen has become quite popular. However, there are some stallions that have sperm that are quite susceptible to cold shock. Thus, there is a need for techniques that will alter sperm so that they can withstand the stresses of cooling and freezing and thus improve pregnancy rates achieved with cooled or frozen spermatozoa. Studies have shown that a diet high in omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can improve the motility of cooled and frozen/thawed sperm. Many of the omega-3 fatty acid products for stallions have low levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and are based …
Post Weaning Supplementation Of April-Born Polypay And White Dorper Lambs Grazing Alfalfa/Orchardgrass Pasture, Lauren N. Wood
Post Weaning Supplementation Of April-Born Polypay And White Dorper Lambs Grazing Alfalfa/Orchardgrass Pasture, Lauren N. Wood
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
The effect of post-weaning supplementation of April-born Polypay and White Dorper lambs grazing alfalfa/orchardgrass pasture during two grazing seasons from June to September was studied. One hundred seventy Polypay and 133 White Dorper lambs were randomly allotted to supplemented (2% BW daily) and unsupplemented groups. It was discovered that Polypay lambs weighed more than White Dorpers at wearning, when the grazing season began, and at the end of the 80 (Year 1) and 85 (Year 2) grazing season (P < 0.01). Polypay lambs gained faster (P < 0.01) than White Dorpers. Supplemented lambs gained faster (P < 0.01) than unsupplemented and Polypays had a greater response to supplementation (P < 0.01) than White Dorpers. Polypays had higher (P < 0.01) fecal egg counts, an indicator of Haemonchus contortus infestation. Supplementation did not have any consistent effect on reducing Haemonchus contortus infestation. Differences in forage characteristics of Polypay and White Dorper lambs did appear. Differences in alfalfa and orchardgrass dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein availability were measured by subtracting enter from exit availabilities. The largest decrease of alfalfa components from exit to enter was found with unsupplemented Polypays. No consistent effect was found for orchardgrass components.
Ecology Of Two Reintroduced Black Bear Populations In The Central Appalachians, Sean Mccarthy Murphy
Ecology Of Two Reintroduced Black Bear Populations In The Central Appalachians, Sean Mccarthy Murphy
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Reintroduced populations are vulnerable to demographic and environmental stochasticity, deleterious genetic effects, and reduced population fitness, all of which can increase extinction probability. Population viability is principle to determining the status of reintroduced populations and for guiding management decisions. To attempt to reestablish black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in the central Appalachians, two reintroductions using small founder groups occurred during the 1990s in the Big South Fork area along the Kentucky-Tennessee border (BSF) and in the Jefferson National Forest along the Kentucky-Virginia border (KVP). My objectives were to estimate demographic and genetic parameters, and to evaluate long-term viability …
Effects Of Dietary Amino Acid Supplementation On Measures Of Whole-Body And Muscle Protein Metabolism In Aged Horses, Christine M. Latham
Effects Of Dietary Amino Acid Supplementation On Measures Of Whole-Body And Muscle Protein Metabolism In Aged Horses, Christine M. Latham
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Sarcopenia is a condition that is most common in aged animals, and is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and integrity, and can lead to physical disability and poor quality of life. Since skeletal muscle protein synthesis can be limited by the availability of amino acids, supplementation of limiting amino acids to ameliorate the progression of sarcopenia has become a topic of interest in companion animal research. Although there is some data to support the idea that amino acid supplementation improves maintenance of muscle mass in aged horses, the cellular mechanisms behind that improvement have yet to be …
Towards Determination Of The Threonine Requirement Of Yearling Horses Fed Varying Dietary Compositions Using The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method, Kelsey M. Smith
Towards Determination Of The Threonine Requirement Of Yearling Horses Fed Varying Dietary Compositions Using The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method, Kelsey M. Smith
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
The amino acid requirements of growing horses are currently unknown, and studies suggest that threonine is a limiting amino acid in common horse diets. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the threonine requirement of growing horses fed two different forage to concentrate ratios using the indicator amino acid oxidation method. The study consisted of a high concentrate phase (HC; 60% concentrate and 40% forage) and a high forage phase (HF; 25% concentrate and 75% forage). Within each phase, 6 female yearling Thoroughbred horses were randomly assigned each of 6 dietary treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin …
Relationships Between Behavioral Measures And Productivity In Finishing Beef Cattle, Jasmyn Mimiko
Relationships Between Behavioral Measures And Productivity In Finishing Beef Cattle, Jasmyn Mimiko
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
The relationship between measures of temperament, growth performance, and social hierarchy in finishing beef cattle were explored in two experiments. In experiment 1, high OCS (objective chute score) steers had periods of significantly higher ADG (P < 0.01), but OCS had no relationship with dominance ranking (P > 0.47). Conversely, slow exit velocity (EV) correlated with higher ranking (P ≤ 0.06), but EV had no relationship with performance (P > 0.37) in a competitive environment. Rank showed no relationship with performance (P > .58). In experiment 2, steers with fast EV had periods of decreased growth (P ≤ .06), intake (P ≤ .06), and gain:feed (G:F; P = 0.02). There were no interactions between …
Effect Of Maternal Diet On Select Fecal Bacteria In Mares And Their Foals, Morgan Brewer Pyles
Effect Of Maternal Diet On Select Fecal Bacteria In Mares And Their Foals, Morgan Brewer Pyles
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
The process of microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of foals and the factors influencing this process are not well understood. The objectives were to determine the effect of starch source in pelleted concentrates in the maternal diet on select fecal bacterial groups in mares and their foals and to evaluate changes in these bacterial groups over time. Thoroughbred foals (n=19) were from dams fed one of two concentrates: an oat-based (OB) or corn and wheat middling-based (CWB) pelleted concentrate. Fecal samples were collected from mares at 324 d of gestation, pre-foaling, 1 d, 14 d, and 28 d after …
Specialty Poultry Production: Impact Of Genotype, Feed Strategies, Alternative Feedstuffs, And Dietary Enzymes On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Heritage Breed Chickens, Tatijana Fisher
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
There is a growing market for specialty poultry production using alternative genotypes and management systems. However, producers interested in specialty poultry production face several challenges. One challenge is that little published data exists regarding the growth and production parameters for alternative genotypes like slow-growing meat strains and heritage breeds. To address this challenge, research at the University of Kentucky examined the effect of feed strategies, alternative feedstuffs, and dietary enzymes on the growth and performance of heritage breeds of chicken used for either egg- or meat-production. The first trial documented the growth and nutrient intake of pullets from three heritage …
Incorporating Machine Vision In Precision Dairy Farming Technologies, Anthony N. Shelley
Incorporating Machine Vision In Precision Dairy Farming Technologies, Anthony N. Shelley
Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering
The inclusion of precision dairy farming technologies in dairy operations is an area of increasing research and industry direction. Machine vision based systems are suitable for the dairy environment as they do not inhibit workflow, are capable of continuous operation, and can be fully automated. The research of this dissertation developed and tested 3 machine vision based precision dairy farming technologies tailored to the latest generation of RGB+D cameras. The first system focused on testing various imaging approaches for the potential use of machine vision for automated dairy cow feed intake monitoring. The second system focused on monitoring the gradual …
Population Genetic Structure Of Necturus Maculosus In Central And Eastern Kentucky, Mason Owen Murphy
Population Genetic Structure Of Necturus Maculosus In Central And Eastern Kentucky, Mason Owen Murphy
Theses and Dissertations--Biology
Population structure is influenced by extrinsic factors, such as landscape architecture and dispersal barriers. Lotic network architecture is known to constrain ecological, demographic and evolutionary processes, including population genetic structure. I assessed the population structure of a widespread aquatic salamander, Necturus maculosus, across three river basins in central and eastern Kentucky. I examined the role of network architecture, anthropogenic barriers, and spatial scale on patterns of population structure. I also provided a review of N. maculosus capture methods and offer an improved trap design. I identified significant structuring between the combined Licking/Kinniconick basin and the Kentucky River basin, with …