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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Cull Cows Fed For Slaughter, R. H. Pritchard, P. T. Burg
Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Cull Cows Fed For Slaughter, R. H. Pritchard, P. T. Burg
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
This trial was designed to evaluate how various factors impact the value added process of feeding cull cows. Specific management criteria evaluated included initial body condition, days on feed, implants, and cow age. Feedlot performance and carcass trait changes due to these factors were compared. Prolonging the feeding period from 50 to 77 or 105 days tended (P=.10) to increase average daily gain and dry matter intake (P<.01) and had no (P>.15) effect on feed/gain. This response is similar to short term adaptation and feeding of young cattle. Added days on feed increased (P<.001) dressing percentage, ribeye area, and ribfat thickness while decreasing (P<.001) lean age. Days on feed did not improve fat color. Older cows gained slower (P<.001) and were lighter muscled than young cows. Longer feeding periods progressively increased the number of high quality carcasses produced.
Effect Of Slaughter Cattle Martketing Method On The Production Signals Sent To Beef Producers, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz
Effect Of Slaughter Cattle Martketing Method On The Production Signals Sent To Beef Producers, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Data collected from 759 steer calves that were consigned to the South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration were utilized to examine the effect of slaughter cattle marketing methods on production signals sent to beef producers. Marketing systems examined included basing price on live weight (LW), dressed weight (DW), grade and dressed weight (G and Y), or Excel Corporation's proposed muscle scoring system (MS). Profitability per head averaged $6.64, $23.54, $26.00, and $27.09 for the LW, DW, G and Y, and MS marketing systems, respectively. For the LW pricing system, average daily gain, cost of gain, initial feedlot weight, and days fed …
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz, B. Knutson
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz, B. Knutson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Three hundred eighty-eight calves representirlg 59 cow-calf producers were consigned to a custom feedlot. Steer calves consigned in October weighed 601 Ib initially, gained 3.03 1b per head daily, and averaged 1148 Ib at slaughter after an average of 182 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $53.94 per cwt and $90.38 per head, respectively. Steers consigned in January weighed 775 Ib initially, gained 3.31 Ib per head daily, and averaged 1245 Ib at slaughter after 142 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $50.67 per cwt and $55.66 per head, respectively. Heifers consigned …
Effects Of Growth Pattern On Muscle Growth, Nuclei Number, Protein Accretion, And Body Composition In Heifers, C. L. Alderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs
Effects Of Growth Pattern On Muscle Growth, Nuclei Number, Protein Accretion, And Body Composition In Heifers, C. L. Alderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
The effects of compensatory growth on accretion of muscle mass, protein mass, and nuclei number of the supraspinatus and semitendinosus muscles were evaluated using seven serial slaughter groups of Angus x Limousin heifer calves (n = 28, BW 270 2 9.5 kg). Fractional growth rates of carcass protein and fat were also evaluated. To achieve compensatory growth, energy intake was restricted for 88 days (Phase 1) followed by adlibitum feeding of a high energy diet (Phase2) [LH]. Controls were allowed continuous ad libitum access to the high energy diet (HH). Muscle weights, body composition samples, and muscle biopsies were collected …
Bovine Toe Abscesses, Dale W. Miskimins
Bovine Toe Abscesses, Dale W. Miskimins
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Toe abscesses were diagnosed in five Midwestern feedlot lameness outbreaks submitted to the Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory during the 1992-93 winter. Affected cattle developed severe lameness from 3 days to 3 weeks after feedlot arrival. Close examination of feet revealed abnormal hoof wear, separation of the hoof wall from the sole, and drainage and swelling of affected feet. Treatment of the problem included corrective foot trimming to allow drainage and antibiotic therapy. Causes of the problem included abrasive and traumatic injuries which allowed bacteria to infect the foot. Hooves were softer and more prone to damage because of …
Optimum Monensin Levels In Feeder Calf Receiving Diets, R. H. Pritchard, J. U. Thomson
Optimum Monensin Levels In Feeder Calf Receiving Diets, R. H. Pritchard, J. U. Thomson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Monensin was fed in the receiving diets of recently weaned calves at a rate of 0, 10, 20, or 30 g per ton (air dry basis) or 100 or 200 mg per head daily to determine effects on feed intake and coccidia control. The 240 steer calves used originated from western rangelands and had no previous exposure to milled feeds or confinement. During the first week in the feedlot, monensin fed at 30 g per ton depressed feed intake by 5% and the depression response was linear (P<.001) over the range of dosages tested. This reduction in feed intake did not affect average daily gain or calf health. Over 90% of these calves were shedding coccidia oocysts on the first day in the feedlot. Monensin began to suppress (P<.01) oocyst shedding after 10 days on feed and this effect persisted throughout the 84-day experiment. The percentage of calves within a treatment that were not shedding oocysts improved as monensin dosage was increased. These data indicate that intake sensitivity to monensin is primarily related to daily intake of the drug rather than drug concentration in the diet. Furthermore, monensin can be included in receiving calf diets at sufficiently high levels to reduce coccidia oocyst shedding without depressing performance.
Chaps Summary For South Dakota, 1992, D. L. Boggs
Chaps Summary For South Dakota, 1992, D. L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Calving distribution and calf performance data were summarized from the CHAPS (Cow Herd Appraisal of Performance Software) analyses of 102 South Dakota cow herds. CHAPS uses beef cow weaning weight records to calculate adjusted 205-day weights and ratios, keep lifetime production records on cows, calculate Most Probable Producing Ability estimates for cows, produce a sire summary, and analyze production according to cow age and 21-day calving periods. The 1992 summary represents 11,661 cows for an average of 114 cows per herd. The herds ranged in size from 10 to 616 head. The average midpoint of the calving season for these …
An Evaluation Of Three Mixing Wagons, J. J. Wagner, R. H. Pritchard
An Evaluation Of Three Mixing Wagons, J. J. Wagner, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Three mixer wagons, a poor condition triple auger (PCA), a good condition triple auger (GCA), and a new reel type (RT) mixer, were evaluated after 2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes of mixing time. Two diets were used: a grower diet with 37.14% ground hay and 62.86% concentrate and a finisher diet with 10.22% ground hay and 89.78% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Concentrate included whole shelled corn, high moisture ear corn and pelleted and liquid supplements. The coefficient of variation among acid detergent fiber levels appeared to be the best indicator of adequacy of mix. The PCA mixer …
Role Of Supplement Form For Finishing Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard
Role Of Supplement Form For Finishing Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
The impact of liquid, meal, and pelleted supplements on feedlot performance and liver abscesses was evaluated in yearling steers. Steers were fed 90% concentrate diets and test supplement sources for 105 days. The control diet included all supplemental feed ingredients in pelleted form. Four other diets included a liquid supplement that contained supplemental vitamins, minerals, and monensin and a dry supplement providing protein and tylosin all equal to the control. The protein-tylosin component was fed in meal or pelleted form. Overall, steers fed liquid supplements outperformed steers fed dry pelleted supplements with higher average daily gain (P=.05) and dry matter …
Sampling Of Large Round And Large Square Bales, C. L. Austin, N. J. Thiex, E. K. Twidwell, K. D. Kephart
Sampling Of Large Round And Large Square Bales, C. L. Austin, N. J. Thiex, E. K. Twidwell, K. D. Kephart
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Four hay probes were used to sample four lots of hay. The lots of hay were as follows: alfalfa large round bales, alfalfa large square bales, alfalfa-grass mix large round bales, and alfalfa-grass mix large square bales. Probes used were as follows: E-Z Probe, John Skogberg handcrafted probe, Utah Hay Sampler, and Frontier Mills probe. Six bales from each lot were sampled. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages and relative feed value (RFV) were predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Bale variation within hay type was much greater than probe …
Effects Of Administering Progesterone Or Progesterone And Gnrh On Age At Pubery In Crossbred Beef Heifers, C. L. Larson, H. L. Miller, D. M. Marshall, M. B. Long
Effects Of Administering Progesterone Or Progesterone And Gnrh On Age At Pubery In Crossbred Beef Heifers, C. L. Larson, H. L. Miller, D. M. Marshall, M. B. Long
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A study using 143 replacement beef heifers was conducted over a 3-year period to determine the effects that progesterone or progesterone and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) would have on age at puberty in beef heifers. Progesterone treated heifers were 21.8 and 38.9 days younger (P<.05) at puberty than control heifers in the first 2 years of the study, while progesterone plus GnRH treated heifers were 35.4 days (P<.01) and 31.2 days (P<.05) younger than controls. No difference (P>.05) in age at puberty was detected between groups in the third year. While progesterone and progesterone plus GnRH treated heifers had a higher conception rate (P<.01) to Al than controls in the first year of the study, calving records showed they experienced a higher rate of embryonic loss. However, calving rate still remained higher than in the control group. These differences were not observed in the second year and calving data for the final year of the study is currently not available.
Conventional Versus High Energy Receiving And Step-Up Diets For Feedlot Cattle, C. P. Birkelo, J. Lounsbery
Conventional Versus High Energy Receiving And Step-Up Diets For Feedlot Cattle, C. P. Birkelo, J. Lounsbery
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Two hundred sixty-four yearling steers with an initial average weight of 730 Ib were randomly allotted to 24 pens and fed ad libitum either conventional (CONV) receiving or step-up diets (hay content decreased from 50% to 40, 30, 20, and 10% of diet dry matter) or high energy (HE) diets (hay content was maintained throughout at 10% but wet corn distillers grain (WDG) decreased from 43% to 30, 20, 10, and 0%). The feeding of WDG in place of hay was designed to maximize energy intake while not overloading the rumen with starch during the grain adaptation period. Long grass …
Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits In Beef Cattle, D. M. Marshall
Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits In Beef Cattle, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
The recent scientific literature was reviewed to summarize genetic parameters for carcass traits in beef cattle. Heritability estimates were generally moderate to large, in agreement with previous literature estimates. This suggests good potential for making change through genetic selection for a given individual carcass characteristic. However, genetic improvement through multiple-trait selection would be slowed by several important genetic antagonisms between traits, suggesting the use of terminal breeding systems with complementary sire and dam genetic types. Individual and maternal heterosis estimates from age-constant analyses were numerically positive and quite large for fat thickness and tended to be numerically positive and small …
Maternal Performance Of First-Calf Crossbred Beef Cowns In Relation To Sire Expected Progeny Differency (Epds), D. M. Marshall, M. B. Long
Maternal Performance Of First-Calf Crossbred Beef Cowns In Relation To Sire Expected Progeny Differency (Epds), D. M. Marshall, M. B. Long
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Cumulative milk production of crossbred daughters of sires of several breeds was estimated using weigh-suckle-weigh procedures. Pooled-across-breed analyses were conducted to determine, in retrospect, relationships of sire expected progeny difference (EPD) values for milk and total maternal value to daughter milk yield and daughter's offspring weaning weight. The pooled coefficient for regression of daughter 214-day milk yield sire milk EPD was 13.4 Ib/lb (residual correlation was .14). The overall mean estimated milk yield was 2,782 Ib, suggesting that a difference in sire milk EPD of 1 Ib corresponded to a difference of approximately 5% in cumulative daughter milk yield. The …
Net Energy Of Soybean Mill Run For Growing Cattle, C. P. Birkelo, D. Thomson
Net Energy Of Soybean Mill Run For Growing Cattle, C. P. Birkelo, D. Thomson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
The objective of the experiment was to estimate the net energies for maintenance (NEm) and gain (NEg) of soybean mill run (SMR), a by-product typically containing about 90% soyhulls. Six steers with an average weight of 288 kg were alternately fed pelleted test diets at intakes varying from 3.6 to 9.4 kg per day in an energy balance experiment arranged in a crossover design. The test diets contained either 96.6% alfalfa (ALF) or 46.6% alfalfa and 50.0% soybean mill run (ALFSMR). Energy intake from feed and losses in feces and urine were determined from total collections. Energy lost as methane …
Ammoniated Oat Hulls For Growing Calves, C. P. Birkelo, D. U. Thomson, J. Lounsbery
Ammoniated Oat Hulls For Growing Calves, C. P. Birkelo, D. U. Thomson, J. Lounsbery
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
Eighty-one steer calves were fed growing diets that contained 50% of either 1) ground brome hay (BROME), 2) unground oat hulls (OH), or 3) unground oat hulls treated with 3% ammonia and enough water to raise the moisture content to 20% (NH3-OH). Treated oat hulls were allowed to react for 63 days prior to feeding. Daily gains of NH3-OH fed steers were 18 and 13% greater than those of OH and BROME fed steers, respectively, during the 88-day study (P<.01). Dry matter intakes were not affected by diet (P>.10). However, feed efficiency was 13% better for NH3-OH fed steers than steers fed OH and 9% better than those …
Effects Of Level Of Concentration On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard
Effects Of Level Of Concentration On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A trial involving total tract digestibility and ruminal in situ disappearance was conducted to determine effects of level of concentrate supplement on utilization of mature prairie hay by beef steers. Supplemental treatments included CONTROL (no supplement) and combinations of corn and soybean meal to provide .66 1b of ruminally degradable protein from increasing amounts of concentrate supplement (LOW = 2.16 Ib/day, MEDIUM = 6.28 Ib/day, and HIGH = 10.38 Ib/day). Steers receiving higher levels of concentrate supplements (MEDIUM and HIGH) exhibited decreased intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.01) of mature prairie hay. Supplementation with the low level of high crude protein supplement (LOW) resulted in improved dry matter intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.02) of mature prairie hay. Apparent dry matter digestibility of the total diet increased (P<.05) as level of concentrate supplement increased. Supplementation with the high level of concentrate supplement (HIGH) decreased disappearance of dry matter (P<.05) and neutral detergent fiber (P<.05) from the rumen and depressed ruminal pH (P<.01) at 4, 8, and 12 hours post-supplementation. Results of this trial confirm the benefits of low levels of high crude protein, all natural supplements on utilization of mature forages and indicate that high levels of high starch supplements will depress utilization of mature prairie hay.
Level Of Available Forage And Supplemental Protein And Energy For Cows Grazing Winter Range, R. J. Pruitt, M. C. Namminga, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
Level Of Available Forage And Supplemental Protein And Energy For Cows Grazing Winter Range, R. J. Pruitt, M. C. Namminga, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A winter grazing trial at the SDSU Range and Livestock Research Station near Cottonwood was conducted to determine if the response to feeding a high starch supplement is dependent on the amount of protein fed and the amount of forage available. During December and January 126 Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing two pastures with differing amounts of available forage were fed four supplemental treatments that provided the following amounts of crude protein (Ib) and metabolizable energy (Mcal) per cow daily: 1) .72 and 3.92, 2) .72 and 10.64, 3) 1.44 and 7.78, and 4) 1.44 and 10.91. Cows grazing the high …
Sdsu Beef Teaching Herd, R. J. Pruitt
Sdsu Beef Teaching Herd, R. J. Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A herd of Angus, Simmental and Simmental- Angus crossbreds are maintained at the Cow-Calf Teaching and Research Unit near the SDSU campus. Cattle from this herd are used for teaching, research, and extension activities. In addition to use in the classroom, cattle are used for the annual SDSU Little International, field days, and numerous 4-H, FFA, and other educational events. Research projects include reproductive physiology, creep feeding, and cow nutrition studies.
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
No abstract provided.
Dairy Digest 1992-1993, South Dakota State University Dairy Club
Dairy Digest 1992-1993, South Dakota State University Dairy Club
Dairy Digest
No abstract provided.
1993 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
1993 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
This is the complete 1993 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 1993. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition , breeding and genetics, management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.