Life Sciences Commons^™

Prevalence And Knowledge Of Brucellosis In Dairy Cattle In Makuyu Division, Murang’A County, Kenya, Dr. Michael N. Gicheru, Dr. Eric Mwangi, Mwangi Rachel Mbaire

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Brucellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that affects man, domestic animals and wildlife. The bacteria Brucella abortus is the principle cause of brucellosis in cattle. The incidence of the disease in humans, and which directly relates to that in other animals, is highly dependent on animal husbandry practices, the interaction between humans and animals, living standards, hygiene, food customs, and animal and human population density. Makuyu Division where the study was undertaken experiences hot and dry climate, the area has no permanent rivers and domestic water is obtained from boreholes. Most families live in congested homes and are provided with …

Physico Chemical, Azhagu Raj Ramakrishnan

Azhaguraj Ramakrishnan

No abstract provided.

High Prevalence Of Leucocytozoon Parasites In Nestling Northern Goshawks (Accipiter Gentilis) In The Northern Great Basin, U.S.A., Michelle I. Jeffries, Robert A. Miller, Michelle D. Laskowski, Jay D. Carlisle

Robert Miller

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is currently listed as a sensitive species by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Previous research in our study area, the South Hills of the Minidoka Ranger District of the Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho, identified possible signs of parasite infections among the banded adult and nestling goshawks, which could influence their survival and breeding success. Therefore, we sought to quantify the prevalence and intensity of Leucocytozoon parasites among a sample of nestling goshawks in the South Hills during the 2012 breeding season. We sampled 27 nestlings from 12 nests for Leucocytozoon parasites by examining blood smears. All …

Fotowoltaika, Panelesloneczne Kamil

panelesloneczne Kamil

No abstract provided.

Issues & Challenges For Sustainable Small Scale Fisheries In Inland Fisheries Sector Of India, A P. Sharma, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

This paper was presented in the panel discussion on Implementing the FAO-SSF Guidelines: Is there need for governance reforms? (How to create an enabling socio-economic, legal and policy environment for small-scale fisheries). the present paper focuses on the small scale fishers in Inland fisheries sector in India and the fisheries governance system in various states of india.

Human-Wildlife Conflict-Causes, Consequences And Mitigation Measures With Special Reference To Kashmir, Aadil Habib, Ishfaq Nazir, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal A. Bhat

JOZS JOURNAL

The rising levels of man-animal conflicts at various locations of Kashmir valley in India are due to close proximity between humans and wild carnivores particularly leopard and black bear. The data regarding human injuries and mortalities caused during conflicts from 2010 to 2012 was collected from Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Soura, Srinagar and its associated medical college hospital at Bemina Srinagar. The data indicates rising levels of man-carnivore conflicts in Kashmir. The leopard and Asiatic black bear were mainly involved in causing several forms of conflict. The human population growth and expansion, habitat degradation and fragmentation, land …

An Individual-Based Model For Feral Hogs In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Rene A. Salinas, William H. Stiver, Joseph L. Corn, Suzanne Lenhart, Charles Colin, Marguerite Madden, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Brandon B. Schmit, Ellen Kasari, Agricola Odoi, Graham Hickling, Hamish Mccallum

Agricola Odoi

The expansion of feral hog (Sus scrofa)populations in the United States has resulted in increased efforts to develop and implement control strategies designed to minimize the impacts done by this invasive species. We describe an individual-based model for feral hogs in Great Smoky Moun- tains National Park (GSMNP). The objectives of the model are to provide an understanding of the population dynamics of this feral hog population and to determine the efficacy of the annual harvest as a population control method. Results suggest that the dynamics of the population are driven by fall hard mast production and the GSMNP harvests …

Development Of Appropriate Packaging For Shelf Life Extension Of Smoked Fish In A Developing Economy, Michael Ayodele Omodara

Michael Ayodele Omodara

Three composite packaging materials; Paper-Polyethylene (PaPe,), Polyethylene-Paper (PePa) Polyethylene-Paper Polyethylene (PePaPe) were developed for packaging of dried fish samples with Polyethylene used as control. Some engineering properties (thickness, water and oil absorption rates) were determined using standard methods. Smoked dried catfish were stored in the three composite packing materials and in polyethylene for six months. The composite materials’thicknesses ranged from 0.23 to 0.31 mm while that of control was 0.27 mm. The water and oil absorption rates ranged from 1.73 to 10.00 g/cm2/min and 2.50 to 10.86 g/cm2/min respectively for the composite materials and 0.36 and 0.28 g/cm2/min respectively for …

Annual Variation In Autumn Migration Phenology And Energetic Condition At A Stopover Site In The Western United States, Robert A. Miller, Jay D. Carlisle, Neil Paprocki, Gregory S. Kaltenecker, Julie A. Heath

Robert Miller

Climate change is having a dramatic effect on many migratory species. Changes in climate may lead to changes in food availability or other proximate cues that affect migratory behavior. We used 13 years (2000–2012) of data on songbird banding and raptor migration counts and captures during autumn migration in the intermountain West to evaluate whether regional temperature or precipitation or hemispheric climate indices predicted autumn migratory timing and energetic condition. We examined overall trends and evaluated the effects of diet and migratory distance on phenology and conditional responses. For the 13-year study period, no temperature, precipitation, or climate index trends …

A Tide Prediction And Tide Height Control System For Laboratory Mesocosms, Luke P. Miller, Jeremy D. Long

Luke P. Miller

Experimental mesocosm studies of rocky shore and estuarine intertidal systems may benefit from the application of natural tide cycles to better replicate variation in immersion time, water depth, and attendant fluctuations in abiotic and edaphic conditions. Here we describe a stand-alone microcontroller tide prediction open-source software program, coupled with a mechanical tidal elevation control system, which allows continuous adjustment of aquarium water depths in synchrony with local tide cycles. We used this system to monitor the growth of Spartina foliosa marsh cordgrass and scale insect herbivores at three simulated shore elevations in laboratory mesocosms. Plant growth decreased with increasing shore …

Web 2.0 Y Medios Sociales Para El Desarrollo En Pesca Y Acuicultura. En Ruta Hacia Las Redes Sociales, ¿Cuál Puede Ser Un Itinerario De Puesta En Marcha?, Enrique Wulff

Enrique Wulff

El modelo usado por la antigua red, en base a carpetas compartidas y repositorios, para desarrollar nuevos contenidos y transmitirlos se agota. En éste libro se propone recordar que si nadie visita tu página, que si uno se limita a hablar de si mismo sin formular preguntas, que si por el contrario facilita respuestas y las promociona construyendo algo excitante, si establece objetivos trimestrales, y si siempre tiene un horizonte a largo término. Entonces accede a las nuevas y fáciles de usar herramientas que se conocen como Web 2.0, las cuales conectan gente dando lugar a redes sociales, colaborando y …

Wintering Ecology Of Adult North American Ospreys, Brian E. Washburn, Charles J. Henny, Mark S. Martell, Richard O. Bierregaard, Brian S. Dorr, Thomas J. Olexa

Brian S Dorr

North American Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) typically migrate long distances to their wintering grounds in the tropics. Beyond the general distribution of their wintering range (i.e., the Caribbean, South America, and Central America), very little is known about the wintering ecology of these birds. We used satellite telemetry to determine the duration of wintering period, to examine the characteristics of wintering areas used by Ospreys, and to quantify space use and activity patterns of wintering Ospreys. Adult Ospreys migrated to wintering sites and exhibited high wintering site fidelity among years. Overall, Ospreys wintered on river systems (50.6%) more than on lakes …

Geographic Segregation And Evidence Of Density-Dependent Changes In Sex Ratios In An Abundant Colonial Waterbird, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Travis L. Devault, Alban Guillaumet, Scott C. Barras

Brian S Dorr

Demographic information, such as geographic segregation of sexes and sex ratio data, is needed to develop, model and evaluate conservation and management strategies for wildlife. A variety of physiological, behavioral and environmental factors can influence segregation of sexes and sex ratios, many of which originate with density- dependent processes. Departure from 50:50 sex ratios of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) collected during control efforts in breeding and wintering areas across their eastern range of the USA were evaluated using using a Z-test as well as Stouffer’s weighted Z-tests. In addition, a specifically-designed randomization test was used to evaluate density-dependent effects on …

Management Regimes And Its Impact On The Wetland Fisheries Management In Assam, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

Assam is endowed with copious aquatic wealth in the form of beels, swamps, ponds and rivers. The floodplain wetlands (beels) extending over one lakh hectare, constitute the most important fishery resource of the state. The beels are considered as one of the most productive ecosystems owing to their characteristic interactions between land and water system. These wetlands are the common property resource and under different management regimes. These wetlands are under various management regimes, i.e., private management (individuals and groups), fishermen cooperative management, Community-based fisheries management (decentralized management, Government works as facilitator) and open access. Most of the unregistered beels …

Population Dynamics Of Spiders In Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College Campus, Sivakasi, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India, Jeyaparvathi S

JOZS JOURNAL

Spiders play an important role in regulating insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. There are a large number of species, many of them with high population densities. A survey was conducted in the Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College campus from January, 2011 - March, 2011. 29 individuals were collected representing 11 families and 21 genera. From these, 25 species were present throughout the campus; however, only 5 of these were taken in the ground, they are the ground dwellers. Peucetia viridana (Stolizcka), Oxyopes hindostanicus (Tikader), Lycosa pseudoannulata (Bosenberg) and Plexippus petersi, were common. P. viridana was the dominant species followed …

Surveillance Of Feral Swine For Trichinella Spp. And Toxoplasma Gondii In The Usa And Host-Related Factors Associated With Infection, John A. Baroch

John A Baroch

No abstract provided.

Kisspeptin Receptor Agonist (Ftm080) Increased Plasma Concentrations Of Luteinizing Hormone In Anestrous Ewes, Brian K. Whitlock, Kelly A. Chameroy, Rebecca R. Payton, Shinya Oishi, Nobutaka Fujii, Joseph A. Daniel

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Kisspeptin (KP) and the KP receptor (Kiss1r) are integral to central regulation of the gonadotropic-axis. The demonstration that intravenous infusion of KP can stimulate gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in seasonally anestrous female sheep offers a means of manipulating the reproductive axis. However, KP may be of limited clinical use because of the short circulating half-life. Kiss1r agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to KP in vitro potentially may provide beneficial applications in breeding management of many species. However, many of these agonists have not been tested in vivo. This study was designed to test and compare the effects of …

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Inflammatory Response Of Calves Castrated By Banding Post-Weaning, Brian K. Whitlock, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves, and painful procedures are increasingly becoming a public concern. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of meloxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory, on performance and inflammatory response in weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (weaned) beef calves [10.0±0.2 mo old; 304±6 kg BW] were blocked by age, BW, wither height, scrotal circumference, and source, then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding with …

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Behavior Of Calves Castrated By Banding Pre-Weaning, Joseph A. Daniel, Peter D. Krawczel, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

The objective was to determine if oral meloxicam (M; a non-steroid anti-inflammatory) administered at castration of pre-weaning calves affected ADG or behavior. Prior to castration (14 d), Angus bulls were assigned to bull (BULL; n = 7; age 106 ± 6 d; BW = 174.2 ±7.7 kg; scrotal circumference 17.7 ± 0.4 cm), castrated (BAN; n = 12; age = 105 ± 5 d; BW = 144.5 ± 7.6 kg; scrotal circumference = 16 ± 0.4 cm) or castrated with meloxicam (BAN+M; n = 13; age = 121 ± 6 d; BW = 145.8 ± 6 kg; scrotal circumference = …

Meloxicam Mediates Short-Term Behavioral Changes Of Castrated Calves, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves and painful procedures are increasingly a public concern. Therefore, practical pain mitigation is critical. The objective was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of NSAID, meloxicam, on the behavior of weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (56 d post-weaning) beef calves [10.0 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) mo old; 304 ± 6 kg BW] were blocked by multiple factors then randomly assigned to 3 treatments (n = 16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding …

A Study Of Mexican Free-Tailed Bat Chirp Syllables: Bayesian Functional Mixed Modeling Of Nonstationary Time Series Data With Time-Dependent Spectra, Josue G. Martinez, Kirsten M. Bohn, Raymond J. Carroll, Jeffrey S. Morris

Jeffrey S. Morris

We describe a new approach to analyze chirp syllables of free-tailed bats from two regions of Texas in which they are predominant: Austin and College Station. Our goal is to characterize any systematic regional differences in the mating chirps and assess whether individual bats have signature chirps. The data are analyzed by modeling spectrograms of the chirps as responses in a Bayesian functional mixed model. Given the variable chirp lengths, we compute the spectrograms on a relative time scale interpretable as the relative chirp position, using a variable window overlap based on chirp length. We use 2D wavelet transforms to …

State Of Inland Fisheries And Inland Fisher Community Of India, A P. Sharma, P K. Katiha, A K. Sahoo, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

With exponential increase in human population. the food demand, shrinkage of cultivable land and decline in the agricultural productivity. role of livestock and fisheries sectors to fulfill growing demand for food is of paramount importance for nutritional security. In this context significance of fisheries sector is enormous and well documented. Starting from a purely traditional activity in the early fifties. the fisheries sector has transformed into a significant commercial enterprise with impressive growth (overI 0 fold increase in last six decades). The sector is employer of more than 14 million people. The environmental and social perspectives of inland open water …

Agricultural Geo-Engineering; Past, Present & Future, Erich J. Knight Mr.

Erich J Knight Mr.

Historic hall marks of GHG emissions are reviewed, providing repeated demonstration of anthropogenic land use changes on climate forcing.

New Astrophysical and Paleoclimate concordance with extinction events demonstrating climate adaptation by prehistoric man.

A review of new research concerning Soil Carbon, Carboniferous Aerosols, extent of Pyrolytic-Carbon fraction in soil and the first survey of the extensive deep soil carbon sink.

How thermal conversion technologies can integrate and optimize the recycling of valuable nutrients while providing energy and building soil carbon.

New discoveries from the Advanced Spectrometry & Meta-Genomics studies in soil microbiology which demonstrate unaccounted for ecological services provided by …

Fractal Approach To Heat Transfer In Silkworm Cocoon Hierarchy, Dong-Dong Fei, Fu-Juan Liu, Qiu-Na Cui, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

Silkworm cocoon has a complex hierarchic structure with discontinuity. In this paper, heat transfer through the silkworm cocoon is studied using fractal theory. The fractal approach has been successfully applied to explain the fascinating phenomenon of cocoon survival under extreme temperature environment. A better understanding of heat transfer mechanisms for the cocoon could be beneficial to the design of biomimetic clothes for special applications.

Avma Guidelines For The Euthanasia Of Animals: 2013 Edition, Steven Leary, Wendy Underwood, Raymond Anthony, Samuel Cartner, Douglas Corey, Temple Grandin, Cheryl B. Greenacre, Sharon Gwaltney-Bran, Mary Ann Mccrackin, Robert Meyer, David Miller, Jan Shearer, Roy Yanong

Cheryl B Greenacre DVM

No abstract provided.

Species Diversity And Abundance Of Avifauna In And Around Hombolo Wetland In Central Tanzania, Geofrey Soka, Pkt Munishi, Bernad Mgina

Geofrey Soka

No abstract provided.

Use Of Communication Media In Wetland Fisheries Development Of Assam, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

The study was carried out in 21 districts of Assam. Two categories of respondents, namely fishers (106 nos) of floodplain wetlands and lower level field extension functionaries (30 officials) constituted the sample for the study. The study revealed that the interpersonal communication sources like consultation with Fisheries Extention Officer Beel manager and scientists were the most important sources for obtaining information on new, improved practices. Demonstration and consultation with progressive farmers were assigned second and third rank. Field extension functionaries preferred group discussion as the main source of extension programme followed by demonstration, fisheries publication and field day/ fish farmers' …

Constraints In Adoption Of Moongbean Production Technology In Sundarban, West Bengal, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

The new agricultural technologies are considered to be the prime mover to the process of agricultural development in India. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of a given technology is crucial in the generation and diffusion of new technologies and farm household information dissemination. Pulses in India have long been considered as the poor man’s only source of protein. Moongbean (green gram) is one of the important pulse crop in India, plays a major role in augmenting the income of small and marginal farmers of Sundarban. Constraints are the circumstances or causes, which prohibit farmer to adopt improved farm technology. This constraint study …

Molecular Surveillance Of Low Pathogenic Avianinfluenza Viruses In Wild Birds Across The United States:Inferences From The Hemagglutinin Gene, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Susan A. Shriner, Kaci Van Dalen, Alan B. Franklin, Theodore D. Anderson, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis

Alan B Franklin

A United States interagency avian influenza surveillance plan was initiated in 2006 for early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) in wild birds. The plan included a variety of wild bird sampling strategies including the testing of fecal samples from aquatic areas throughout the United States from April 2006 through December 2007. Although HPAIV was not detected through this surveillance effort we were able to obtain 759 fecal samples that were positive for low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). We used 136 DNA sequences obtained from these samples along with samples from a public influenza sequence database for …

Application Of Gis In Inland Fisheries. Training Manual, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

No abstract provided.