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Animal Sciences

Kansas State University Libraries

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1979

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Phosphorus Availability In Dry And High-Moisture Sorghum Grain For Growing Swine And Chicks (1979), M Trotter, G Allee Jan 1979

Phosphorus Availability In Dry And High-Moisture Sorghum Grain For Growing Swine And Chicks (1979), M Trotter, G Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 117 crossbred pigs and 260 male White Leghorn chicks to determine the availability of phosphorus in high-moisture sorghum grain treated with propionic acid or stored in an oxygen limiting structure, and in field-dried sorghum grain. Bone breaking force as the criterion in the pig studies and tibia bone ash as the criterion in the chick studies gave availability estimates of 19, 42, and 43% for the pig and 25, 46, and 48% for the chick for dry, HMPA and HMO2L, respectively.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effect Of Growth Rate From Birth Through Thirty Months On Performance Of Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, G.H. Kiracofe, L.R. Corah Jan 1979

Effect Of Growth Rate From Birth Through Thirty Months On Performance Of Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, G.H. Kiracofe, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifers with faster gain the first and second winter (weaning to yearling and 18 months to 2 years old) had better production and reproduction than heifers with low or moderate gains. Gains during the first winter (weaning to yearling) had more influence on future performance than gains during the second winter as bred heifers.

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Evaluating The Breeding Potential Of Yearling Bulls, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1979

Evaluating The Breeding Potential Of Yearling Bulls, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two years of research with nine herds indicated one of two yearling bulls with a herd usually will sire most of the calves. In six of the nine cases, the bull we pre-evaluated as most sexually active was the sire of the most of the calves. So a brief pre-breeding libido evaluation may help estimate breeding potential. In data from one herd the bull dominant as a yearling continued to be dominant as a two-year-old. Our data also indicated active breeding yearling bulls easily breed more than 20 to 25 cows during their first breeding season.

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Pelvic Area, Calving Ease And Rebreeding In First Calf Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, L.R. Corah, G. Kiracofe Jan 1979

Pelvic Area, Calving Ease And Rebreeding In First Calf Heifers, R.R. Schalles, A.T. Fleck, L.R. Corah, G. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pelvic area had little influence on the number or severity of calving problems after size and condition of two-year-old first-calf heifers, sex and weight of their calf, and genetic background of the heifer and her calf were accounted for. Little difference in rebreeding was attributed to calving difficulty, although heifers that had Caesarean deliveries rebred about two weeks later than those giving natural birth.

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Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, Prairie Hay, Soybean Meal And Urea Compared For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg Jan 1979

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, Prairie Hay, Soybean Meal And Urea Compared For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milo stover silage, prairie hay or forage sorghum silage was fed in rations containing 10, 12 or 14% protein from soybean meal (SBM) or 12% protein from urea; 100 heifers were fed in the 78-day growing trial (November 11, 1977 to February 2, 1978). Heifers fed forage sorghum silage, prairie hay or forage sorghum silage + prairie hay had similar rate and efficiency of gains; those fed milo stover silage made slowest and least efficient gains. Rations containing prairie hay were consumed in the greatest amounts. Feeding rations with 12 or 14% protein from SBM gave better performance than rations …

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Processing Retail Beef Cuts From Boxed Beef, M.O. Leafgreen, J.H. Mccoy Jan 1979

Processing Retail Beef Cuts From Boxed Beef, M.O. Leafgreen, J.H. Mccoy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This analysis measured efficiencies of a centralized retail meat fabrication facility receiving all beef as boxed or as carcasses. Moving vacuum-packaged, boxed-beef subprimals through a central meat processing facility was more efficient than a corresponding operation with beef carcasses. Boxed beef saved approximately 6.0 cents per pound on wholesale cuts.

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Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1979), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1979), David A. Nichols, D R. Ames, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 168 finishing pigs were conducted to compare continuous fogging with intermittent wetting to reduce heat stress in swine. In the second trial, intermittent wetting by sprinklers (1 min. sprinkle, 29 min. dry) significantly improved (P<.05) average daily gain and average daily feed over control, yet no significant differences in feed to gain ratios were observed between controls and fogged pigs in the second trial.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Swine Embryo Culture And Transfer For Export To England (1979), J E. James, P D. Reeser, Duane L. Davis, E C. Straiton, A C. Talbot, C Polge Jan 1979

Swine Embryo Culture And Transfer For Export To England (1979), J E. James, P D. Reeser, Duane L. Davis, E C. Straiton, A C. Talbot, C Polge

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A major threat to swine enterprises is the possible introduction of disease when new breeding animals are purchased and introduced. So, methods of introducing new genetic material while minimizing the potential for introducing disease are needed. Transfer of embryos from a donor sow in another herd or country would minimize disease risks. Already used to introduce new breeding stock into Specific Pathogen Free herds and other closed herds, embryos now are placed in the recipient gilt's or sow1s uterus within a few hours after their recovery from the donor. That method prevents export and limits application of swine embryo transfer …

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High Moisture Corn For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

High Moisture Corn For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

W used 135 yearling steers in two trials to compare dry with high moisture (HM) corn and soybean meal (SBM) supplement with urea supplement. Results of trail 1 (88 days) show HM corn either rolled or ensiled in a stave silo or ensiled whole in a fiberglass O2-limiting silo supported faster and more efficient gains than dry rolled, steam-flaked or HM-corn treated with a preservation. A 50% SBM+ 50% urea supplement tended to be used more efficiently than either 100% SBM or 100% urea supplements. In trial 2 (97 days) steers fed dry rolled corn or HM corn ensiled with …

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Nutritional Effects On Beef Palatability, D.E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, L.H. Hayward, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen Jan 1979

Nutritional Effects On Beef Palatability, D.E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, L.H. Hayward, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf, Dell M. Allen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We assigned 112 Angus yearling steers to 14 nutritional treatments including control. Submaintenance, and 12 different combinations of ration energy (low, medium or high) and feeding period (56,91, 119, 147, or 175 days). Boneless rib steaks were evaluated by a trained taste panel and Instron Warner-Bratzler shear. Average daily gains increased as energy level increased. Slaughter weight, and USDA quality and yield grades increased as both ration energy and days fed increased. Taste panel score were not significantly affected by ration energy level, but muscle fiber tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall tenderness scores tended to increase as days fed increased. …

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Effect Of High-Moisture Grain On Availability Of Phosphorus For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee Jan 1979

Effect Of High-Moisture Grain On Availability Of Phosphorus For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A feeding trial and two phosphorus balance studies were conducted to compare the availabilities of phosphorus from high-moisture sorghum grain treated with propionic acid (1.2% acid, 23% moisture), grain stored in an oxygen limiting structure (27% moisture), and field-dried sorghum grain (13% moisture). Bone and phosphorus retention data indicated that the phosphorus in high-moisture sorghum grain is more available than phosphorus in field-dried sorghum grain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effects Of Feeding Oats Or Oat Hulls And Meal Or Pellets On The Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Effects Of Feeding Oats Or Oat Hulls And Meal Or Pellets On The Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred fifty eight, five-week old weanling pigs were used to evaluate various levels of dietary oats and oat hulls in swine diets by performance and incidence of diarrhea in pigs weaned at approximately 5 to 6 weeks of age (17.6 to 28.6 lbs.).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Predicting Feedlot Performance Using Mathematical Models, P. George, B.E. Brent Jan 1979

Predicting Feedlot Performance Using Mathematical Models, P. George, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tables based on mathematical models illustrate how feed intake, rate of gain, and feed efficiency change during the feeding period and in response to different wing-chill temperatures. The tables wert used to calculate costs or gain.

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Mechanical Blade Tenderization Of Meat, D.E. Burson, L.H. Hayward, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1979

Mechanical Blade Tenderization Of Meat, D.E. Burson, L.H. Hayward, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We randomly assigned 112 Angus yearling steers to 14 nutritional groups fed varied ration energy levels and varied lengths of time. Blade tenderized and non-tenderized boneless rib steaks were evaluated by a taste panel and a mechanical (Instron) shearing technique. Blade tenderization significantly improved taste panel sores for both muscle fiber and overall tenderness and decreased the amount of detectable connective tissue, but did not affect juiciness and flavor scores. Peak shear force decreased with blade tenderization; but total cooking loss increased. Blade tenderization narrowed the range of detectable connective tissue scores for ration energy level groups, leading to more …

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Evaluation Of Hover Types With And Without Supplemental Heat For Finishing Pig Performance (1979), G L. Allee, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Hover Types With And Without Supplemental Heat For Finishing Pig Performance (1979), G L. Allee, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty Yorkshire barrows and gilts were used to evaluate supplemental heat and various types of hovers for finishing pigs during December, 1978, and January, 1979. Hovers constructed of plywood, straw, and plywood covered with foil were placed over pens with and without catalytic heaters to determine the effect of each on performance. Hovers modified the pig's environment by an average of 80 straw hover, 90 foil covered plywood, and 30 plywood hover. Average daily gain and feed required per pound of gain were similar for all treatments. Pigs fed in pens with catalytic heaters gained slightly faster and …

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Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency By Finishing Pigs (1979), G L. Allee Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency By Finishing Pigs (1979), G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials involving 300 finishing pigs (120-220 lbs.) were conducted to evaluate Tylan, Stafac, Lincomix, and Flavomycin by growth rate and feed efficiency. In trial I, none of the antibiotics improved growth rate or feed efficiency. In trial II, where pigs were more crowded, feeding an antibiotic slightly, but not significantly, increased daily gain (0 to 8% improvement) and feed efficiency (3 to 9%), with no significant difference among antibiotics. These studies demonstrate that the response or lack of response to feeding low levels of antibiotics during the finishing phase will depend on the level of stress imposed.; Swine Day, …

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Comparison Of Anthelmintics For Pigs Raised In Outside Lots (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis Jan 1979

Comparison Of Anthelmintics For Pigs Raised In Outside Lots (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty crossbred pigs averaging 21 lbs. initially were used to evaluate the effects of Banminth or Tramisol on performance of pigs housed in worm-contaminated dirt lots. Neither anthelmintic significantly affected average daily gain or feed efficiency. Pigs fed Banminth continuously were 5% more efficient in feed utilization during the starter phase and 4% more efficient in feed utilization during the grower phase than nonwormed pigs. Pigs fed Banminth had no liver scarring and no ascarids in gastrointestinal tracts at 125 pounds. Untreated pigs and those treated with Tramisol had lever scarring and ascarids in the gastrointestinal tracts at …

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Effects Of Steam Pelleting And Extruding Sorghum Grain-Soybean Meal Diets On Phosphorus Availability For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee Jan 1979

Effects Of Steam Pelleting And Extruding Sorghum Grain-Soybean Meal Diets On Phosphorus Availability For Swine (1979), M Trotter, G Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials and three phosphorus balance studies were conducted to compare the effect of steam pelleting, extruding, and grinding on phosphorus availability. The results indicate that steam pelleting or extruding has little, if any, effect on the availability of phosphorus for finishing swine (100 to 220 lbs.).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Evaluation Of Comingling Pigs Before Weaning To Reduce Weaning Stress (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Evaluation Of Comingling Pigs Before Weaning To Reduce Weaning Stress (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the management practice of comingling litters one week before weaning to help reduce weaning stress. Pigs which were comingled before weaning gained slightly faster the first two weeks after weaning than pigs mixed at weaning, but overall pig performance to 7 to 8 weeks of age was similar for rate of gain and feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effects Of Various Water Medications On Performance And Feed And Water Consumption By Pigs Weaned At 3 Or 4 Weeks Of Age (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis Jan 1979

Effects Of Various Water Medications On Performance And Feed And Water Consumption By Pigs Weaned At 3 Or 4 Weeks Of Age (1979), G L. Allee, D Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials using 216 pigs were conducted to evaluate effects various water medications have on performance and feed and water consumption by pigs weaned at 3 and 4 weeks of age. Water medication had no effect on pig performance. Pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age consumed an average of 0.8 quart of water per day for the first five days after weaning, compared with an average of 1.1 quarts per day by those weaned at 4 weeks of age. Adding syrup (500 ml/5 gallon) doubled the water consumption of both groups. Water medications did not reduce water consumption.; Swine …

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Effect Of Fiber Source On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines Jan 1979

Effect Of Fiber Source On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1979), A J. Thulin, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six Yorkshire pigs, weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and averaging 9.5 kg (20.9 lbs.) were used to determine the effects of diets with increased fiber from oats, beet pulp, wheat bran, alfalfa meal or wheat shorts on performance and fecal consistency. Pigs fed the control, 20% oats, 10% beet pulp or 21.2% wheat bran diets had the best average daily gain; those fed the 48.5% wheat shorts, the poorest daily gain. Average daily feed intake was similar except that pigs fed the 20% oats diet consumed more feed (P<.05) than those fed the 48.5% wheat shorts. Feed efficiency was similar for all diets. Pigs fed the control, 20% oats, 10% beet pulp or 21.2% wheat bran diets had better average daily diarrhea scores than those fed the 7.6% alfalfa meal or 48.5% wheat shorts diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 8, 1979

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Effects From Using Ralgro Sequentially On Sexual Development Of Bulls And On Growth And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Bulls, L. Fink, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee Jan 1979

Effects From Using Ralgro Sequentially On Sexual Development Of Bulls And On Growth And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Bulls, L. Fink, L. Corah, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-nine Simmental X Hereford and Hereford calves (24 bulls and 25 steers) were used to study the effect of Ralgro on growth, carcass traits, sex drive, sperm production, and development of sex organs. Approximately half of the bulls and half of the steers received a total of four 36-mg. Ralgro implants, one implant each 100 days (approximately 28, 128, 228 and 328 days of age). Implanted bulls and steers had higher average daily gains; however, the effect was greater in steers than bulls. Ralgro impaired all facets of sexual development measured. None of the implanted bulls could have been used …

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Effects Of Ralgro And Des Implants During The Suckling Period On Later Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, F.L. Schwartz Jan 1979

Effects Of Ralgro And Des Implants During The Suckling Period On Later Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers, L.R. Sprott, L.R. Corah, G.H. Kiracofe, M. Mckee, F.L. Schwartz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heifers were given either one or two Ralgro implants or one DES implants during the suckling period with no obvious effect on later reproductive performance when the heifers were bred as yearlings. However, conception rates in control heifers were low in two trials, so more studies are needed for conclusive results.

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Protein Levels With And Without Monensin For Finishing Steers, W. Thompson, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

Protein Levels With And Without Monensin For Finishing Steers, W. Thompson, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ration erode protein levels of 9%, 11%, 15%, 12 declining to 10.5% and 13% declining to 11% and finally to 9% were fed with and without Monensin. Steers fed 9% protein continuously gained the least and were the least efficient. Steers fed the other four protein levels had similar performances. Averaged across protein levels, Monensin had no significant effect on steer performance but it improved feed efficiency 7.4% with the 11%, 12-10.5% and 13-11-9% rations.

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Conventional Vs Accelerated Beef Production For Traditional And Later-Maturing Cattle Types, S.M. Myers, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley Jan 1979

Conventional Vs Accelerated Beef Production For Traditional And Later-Maturing Cattle Types, S.M. Myers, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of traditional and later-maturing cattle types fed under accelerated (placed directly on the finishing ration) and conventional (back grounded on a growing ration before finishing) system, indicated large differences between feeding systems but smaller differences between cattle types in the same feeding system. Differences between feeding systems stress the economic importance of maintaining maximum gain, and the disadvantages of extended feeding periods, when much of the feed consumed is required for maintenance. Later-maturing cattle on accelerated feeding required the least feed per pound of gain.

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Performance, Carcass, And Meat Traits Of Different Cattle Types, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1979

Performance, Carcass, And Meat Traits Of Different Cattle Types, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Different crossbred (X) cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, carcass and meat traits. Steers were studied from mating Angus (A), Hereford (H), Brahman (B), Sahiwal (S), Pinzgauer (P), and Tarentaise (T) sires to Angus and Hereford females.

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Incidence Of Short Estrous Cycles After Weaning In Beef Cows, S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee Jan 1979

Incidence Of Short Estrous Cycles After Weaning In Beef Cows, S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde, G. Kiracofe, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weaning calves from cows that had not cycled after calving caused a higher percentage of cows to show estrous in the next 25 days than cows suckling calves. However, 78.3% of the nonsuckling cows had short cycles (7-10 days) compared with 16.6% of the cows suckling calves. A short cycle does not appear to be clinically abnormal when estrus occurs with the first ovulation after calving. The percentage of cows having an estrus with the first ovulation, and thus a short cycle, increases drastically when calves are weaned. Although anestrous cows can be induced to cycle by weaning their calves, …

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Rumen Bacterial Endotoxins And Their Possible Role In The Sudden-Death Syndrome, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, E. Bartley, L. Fina, H. Anthony, H. Leipold Jan 1979

Rumen Bacterial Endotoxins And Their Possible Role In The Sudden-Death Syndrome, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, E. Bartley, L. Fina, H. Anthony, H. Leipold

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We have found that rumen bacteria contain endotoxins that are released into rumen fluid. Also rumen fluid from grain-fed cattle contains considerably more free endotoxin than rumen fluid from hay-fed cattle. Injecting cattle with rumen bacterial endotoxins may be involved with such diseases associated with high-grain feeding as the sudden death syndrome.

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Delayed Winter Supplemental Feeding And Year-Round Mineral Supplementation Of Beef Cows On Native Range, J. Pruitt, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith Jan 1979

Delayed Winter Supplemental Feeding And Year-Round Mineral Supplementation Of Beef Cows On Native Range, J. Pruitt, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Polled Hereford cows on native Flint Hills pasture not supplemented until February lost more weight from December to February, lost less from February to May, and were in poorer condition before calving than cows supplemented beginning in November. But calf survival, birth weight, and calf average daily gain were similar for both groups. Feeding cows a calcium, phosphorus, trace mineral mix did not improve any measure of cow or calf performance.

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Effects Of Rumensin Or Lasalocid On Rumen Fermentation In Vitro, E. Bartley, E. Herod, R. Bechtle, D. Sapienza, B. Brent Jan 1979

Effects Of Rumensin Or Lasalocid On Rumen Fermentation In Vitro, E. Bartley, E. Herod, R. Bechtle, D. Sapienza, B. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A series of artificial-rumen studies tested effects of Rumensin and lasalocid on rumen fermentation. At concentrations of 22, 44, and 66 ppm both depressed microbial protein synthesis. Both severely inhibited protein synthesis at 176 ppm. Both increased propionic acid and decreased acetic acid concentrations. However, only Rumensin increased lactic acid. Both inhibited total gas production and decreased the percentage of methane. We concluded that lasalocid and Rumensin have similar effects on rumen fermentation.

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