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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Hair, Feces And Breath Isotope Fractionation In Alpacas (Llama Pacos), Llamas (Llama Glama) And Guanacos (Llama Guanacoe) From Bolivia And Chile, Lino Constancio Lopez Lopez
Hair, Feces And Breath Isotope Fractionation In Alpacas (Llama Pacos), Llamas (Llama Glama) And Guanacos (Llama Guanacoe) From Bolivia And Chile, Lino Constancio Lopez Lopez
Theses and Dissertations
This study was conducted to determinate carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation in Bolivian and Chilean alpaca, llama and guanaco, hair, breath, plasma and feces. We also wanted to determine forage selection for these camelids using stable isotope technology. From the data, niche feeding and diet selection habits will determinate based on fecal composition. Bolivian sites were located near the high snow Altiplano Mountains at Tomarapi, Sajama, and at the Technical University Oruro's research center at Condoriri, Bolivia. Chilean samples were collected at INIA's (Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria) Kampenaike Research Station, Punta Arenas, Chile. Bolivian alpacas and llamas were 3 …
Physical Mapping Of Ribosomal Genes In New World Members Of The Genus Chenopodium Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Maria C. Sederberg
Physical Mapping Of Ribosomal Genes In New World Members Of The Genus Chenopodium Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Maria C. Sederberg
Theses and Dissertations
The genus Chenopodium contains many economically important species in the New World, but is relatively understudied and poorly understood, especially in terms of evolutionary relationships. A better understanding of the structure of this genus could significantly help in breeding efforts on its cultivated members, notably the tetraploid C. quinoa and also certain varieties of C. berlandieri, also tetraploid. Of special concern is determining which diploid weed species are the most likely ancestors for C. quinoa, C. berlandieri, and the other tetraploid members of subsection Cellulata. The phylogeny can be understood in part by examining the ribosomal RNA loci and observing …
Domain Duplication, Darwinian Selection, And The Origin Of The Globulin Seed Storage Proteins, Nathaniel S. Cannon
Domain Duplication, Darwinian Selection, And The Origin Of The Globulin Seed Storage Proteins, Nathaniel S. Cannon
Theses and Dissertations
The seed storage globulins found among virtually all spermatophytes comprise a multi-gene family of proteins with ancient evolutionary origins. The two main groups of storage globulins include the legumins (11S) and vicilins (7S), both of which play a main role in protein deposition and storage in the seed endosperm. Composed of two cupin domains (bicupin), these proteins have been recently noted not only for their close structural relationships among the two subfamilies (7S and 11S) but also for their similarity to other proteins such as germin-like proteins (GLP's), bacterial oxalate decarboxylases, and other cupin containing proteins. Previous studies have investigated …
Arthropod And Plant Communities As Indicators Of Land Rehabilitation Effectiveness In A Semi-Arid Shrub-Steppe, Eric T. Gardner
Arthropod And Plant Communities As Indicators Of Land Rehabilitation Effectiveness In A Semi-Arid Shrub-Steppe, Eric T. Gardner
Theses and Dissertations
We describe a case study evaluating the ecological impact of Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) invasion following fire disturbance and the effectiveness of revegetation in improving ecological integrity in a degraded semi-arid shrub steppe system. The effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts was assessed from measurements of arthropod richness, vegetation and arthropod community composition, and ground cover characteristics in three habitats: undisturbed, burned and weed-infested (B. tectorum), and burned and rehabilitated with native and non-native vegetation. Arthropods were collected in each habitat using pitfall traps. Differences in arthropod richness were compared using rarefaction curves. Non-metric multidimensional scaling, and non-parametric multivariate statistical procedures including …
Evaluation Of Downy Mildew (Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Chenopodii) Resistance Among Quinoa Genotypes And Investigation Of P. Farinosa Growth Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Leilani Kitz
Theses and Dissertations
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal native to the Andean region of South America and a staple crop for subsistence farmers in the altiplano of Bolivia and Peru. Downy mildew is the most significant disease of quinoa caused by the pathogen Peronospora farinosa f.sp. chenopodii Byford. This disease greatly impacts quinoa crops with yield losses up to 99%. As fungicides are expensive for farmers, the development of resistant cultivars appears to be the most efficient means for controlling downy mildew. The quinoa germplasm bank contains high amounts of genetic diversity, some of which exhibit mildew resistance. Methods for evaluating …
Comparative Cytotoxicity Of An Fda-Approved Cancer Drug To Extracts Of Atriplex Confertifolia On Human Breast And Cervical Cancer Cells, Christopher James Capua
Comparative Cytotoxicity Of An Fda-Approved Cancer Drug To Extracts Of Atriplex Confertifolia On Human Breast And Cervical Cancer Cells, Christopher James Capua
Theses and Dissertations
The severity and number of people affected by cancer is a worldwide problem with millions of people affected annually. The search for treatment and cures of cancer continues to be a global effort. As part of this global effort, many natural products have been tested against cancer cell lines, most from plants located in tropical regions. However, this study reports that extracts of Atriplex confertifolia, a native North American plant, has significant bioactivity against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, 435, and 231, and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells). The bioactivity of A. confertifolia extracts of these cells lines was …
Studies On Transformation Of Tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum L.) And Arabidopsis Thaliana Using Chimerical Constructs Of Varying Tospoviral Origin, Joshua Nathaniel Cobb
Studies On Transformation Of Tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum L.) And Arabidopsis Thaliana Using Chimerical Constructs Of Varying Tospoviral Origin, Joshua Nathaniel Cobb
Theses and Dissertations
Pathogen derived resistance (PDR) is a recent breakthrough where plant hosts can be made to be resistant to viral infections through transformation with conserved viral genes. Given the severity of Tospovirus diseases worldwide (particularly in tomato), PDR has the potential to garner large yield returns where pathogen populations have overcome the established resistance. Tomato breeding lines FLA7804, FLA8044, and the research line MP1 were used in transformation experiments with potions of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) N-gene, and two other chimerical viral nucleocapsid gene constructs from, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), and Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV). We conducted 19 …
Competitive Exclusion Of Cyanobacterial Species In The Great Salt Lake, Hillary Christine Roney
Competitive Exclusion Of Cyanobacterial Species In The Great Salt Lake, Hillary Christine Roney
Theses and Dissertations
Under Gause's principle two species cannot indefinitely occupy the same niche. The north and south arms of Great Salt Lake are separated by a rail causeway, resulting in salinity differences and color variation between the arms. Farmington Bay is also separated from the south arm by a vehicular causeway to Antelope Island. These causeways allow examination of competitive exclusion of cyanobacteria in the hypersaline environment of the Great Salt Lake. Cyanobacterial distributions partially map salinity, with Aphanothece halophytica proliferating in the north arm, and Nodularia spumigena in the south arm. I hypothesized that cyanobacterial species abundant north of the railway …
Using A Chelator-Buffered Nutrient System To Study Phosphorus, Manganese And Zinc Interactions In Russet Burbank Potato, Steven A. Barben
Using A Chelator-Buffered Nutrient System To Study Phosphorus, Manganese And Zinc Interactions In Russet Burbank Potato, Steven A. Barben
Theses and Dissertations
Potato production requires high phosphorus (P) application with potential negative environmental or nutritional consequences for potato as well as for subsequent crops. Impacts of high available P on yield and plant nutrition of species in potato cropping rotations are inadequately understood, and could result in antagonistic interactions with cationic micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). Three hydroponic experiments were conducted with Russet Burbank potato to elucidate P and Zn relationships and associated interactions with other nutrients. In the first experiment, P solution concentration was constant at 256 µM while Zn concentration varied: 0.1, 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 …
Effect Of Ca And Ph On Disease Severity Of Pink Rot Phytophthora Erythroseptica In Russett Norkotah Potato Solanum Tuberosum, Jared H. Benson
Effect Of Ca And Ph On Disease Severity Of Pink Rot Phytophthora Erythroseptica In Russett Norkotah Potato Solanum Tuberosum, Jared H. Benson
Theses and Dissertations
Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb. is a devastating fungal pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum). The pathogen causes a disease known as pink rot. Pink rot results in necrosis and decay of tubers; and is responsible for major losses pre and post harvest. Attributes of the disease are progressing toward epidemic proportions. To help prevent such dramatic outbreaks of the disease, understanding the factors associated with incidence will provide opportunities to control the pathogen. A link between pH and disease severity has been observed. We studied the effects of pH and Ca to determine their influence on disease development. Low pH and Ca …
Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus Idahoensis) Habitat Use, Activity Patterns And Conservation In Relationship To Habitat Treatments, Janet E. Lee
Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus Idahoensis) Habitat Use, Activity Patterns And Conservation In Relationship To Habitat Treatments, Janet E. Lee
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined activity patterns and habitat use of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in mechanically treated and untreated areas in south-central Utah 2005-2008. We monitored fecal pellet plots in continuous sagebrush habitat as well as along treatment edges to record deposition and leporid presence over timed periods. Pygmy rabbit use of big sagebrush was higher than black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and mountain cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttallii ) (P< 0.01) relative to treated areas (P <0.01). We also compared pygmy rabbit use of areas with continuous sagebrush to residual sagebrush in a sample of mechanically treated areas. Our results suggest a treatment effect with higher (P <0.01) average counts of pygmy rabbit pellets in areas with continuous sagebrush compared to sagebrush strips and islands within treated areas. Before the big sagebrush biotype inhabited by pygmy rabbits is treated to reduce the occurrence and dominance of big sagebrush, we recommend managers consider two options. The first is no treatment, thus preserving, as is, the critical habitat of the pygmy rabbit and other sympatric big sagebrush obligate species of wildlife. The second option cautiously introduces the first prescription of habitat treatment ever recommended in relationship to the pygmy rabbit. This prescription includes recommended widths of the treated areas, seed mixes, widths of the preserved intact big sagebrush habitat for pygmy rabbits as well as suggested grazing systems for domestic livestock. Activity patterns of pygmy rabbits at their burrow were documented through the use of remote cameras. Photographs were analyzed for temporal and seasonal patterns of activity. Our results suggested that time of day was important in the activity level of pygmy rabbits while season was not. Pygmy rabbits were active during all time periods of the day but the greatest levels of activity occurred at night. Numerous other wildlife species were recorded by our remote cameras including other species of leporids, birds, rodents, reptiles and terrestrial predators.
Duplicate Gene Expression In Allopolyploid Gossypium Reveals Two Temporally Distinct Phases Of Expression Evolution, Joshua Udall, Lex E. Flagel, Dan Nettleton, Jonathan F. Wendel
Duplicate Gene Expression In Allopolyploid Gossypium Reveals Two Temporally Distinct Phases Of Expression Evolution, Joshua Udall, Lex E. Flagel, Dan Nettleton, Jonathan F. Wendel
Faculty Publications
Polyploidy has played a prominent role in shaping the genomic architecture of the angiosperms. Through allopolyploidization, several modern Gossypium (cotton) species contain two divergent, although largely redundant genomes. Owing to this redundancy, these genomes can play host to an array of evolutionary processes that act on duplicate genes. Results- We compared homoeolog (genes duplicated by polyploidy) contributions to the transcriptome of a natural allopolyploid and a synthetic interspecific F1 hybrid, both derived from a merger between diploid species from the Gossypium A-genome and D-genome groups. Relative levels of A- and D-genome contributions to the petal transcriptome were determined for 1,383 …
The Maya Footprint: Soil Resources Of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico, Ryan V. Sweetwood
The Maya Footprint: Soil Resources Of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico, Ryan V. Sweetwood
Theses and Dissertations
Agricultural yields in Northwest Yucatán are constrained by climate, thin soils, and low fertility. Despite this, the ancient Maya city of Chunchucmil Yucatán, Mexico, boasted an immense, dense, and wealthy population during the Middle Classic period (ca A.D. 400-700). Soil physical and chemical properties were explored to determine how the ancient Maya of Chunchucmil fed themselves. Soil profiles were collected from various locations within ancient Chunchucmil's suspected sustaining area. The physical and chemical properties, carbon isotopes, black carbon, and coprostanols of soil profiles sampled were compared to ancient rural settlement and remotely sensed images, such as AIRSAR (airborne synthetic aperture …
Expression And Evolutionary Relationships Of The Chenopodium Quinoa 11s Seed Storage Protein Gene, Mikel Stevens, Peter J. Maughan, Daniel J. Fairbanks, Marie R. B. Balzotti, Jennifer N. Thornton, David A. Mcclellan, Eric N. Jellen, Craig E. Coleman
Expression And Evolutionary Relationships Of The Chenopodium Quinoa 11s Seed Storage Protein Gene, Mikel Stevens, Peter J. Maughan, Daniel J. Fairbanks, Marie R. B. Balzotti, Jennifer N. Thornton, David A. Mcclellan, Eric N. Jellen, Craig E. Coleman
Faculty Publications
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a food crop cultivated by subsistence farmers and commercial growers on the high Andean plateau, primarily in Bolivia, Peru, and Chile. Present interest in quinoa is due to its tolerance of harsh environments and its nutritional value. It is thought that the seed storage proteins of quinoa, particularly the 11S globulins and 2S albumins, are responsible for the relatively high protein content and ideal amino acid balance of the quinoa seed. Here we report the genomic and cDNA sequences for two 11S genes representing two orthologous loci from the quinoa genome. Important features of the …
Ecological Factors Determining Nesting Habitat For American Avocets, Landon R. Jones
Ecological Factors Determining Nesting Habitat For American Avocets, Landon R. Jones
Student Works
The American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) is a large shorebird that breeds and congregates in open, shallow, saline wetlands (Robinson et al. 1997). Its long, curved bill is well adapted for stirring up and feeding on invertebrates from the benthos. Because they fill such a narrow habitat niche, the majority of avocets concentrate in the thousands to breed in a few hot spots such as Mono Lake in California, and the Great Salt Lake in Utah (Robinson et al. 1997). Avocets arrive at the Great Salt Lake in late March and nest from mid-April to mid-July (Sordahl 1981). They require 15-20 …
Effect Of Food Deprivation On The Metabolic Profile Of Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Letanias Experimental Station - Viacha, Edwin Eddy Ali Quisbert
Effect Of Food Deprivation On The Metabolic Profile Of Llamas (Lama Glama) In The Letanias Experimental Station - Viacha, Edwin Eddy Ali Quisbert
Theses and Dissertations
In the highlands, where regular agriculture and livestock are not viable, raising camelids is the only means of subsistence for rural families. While grazing during the dry season in the high Andean region, llamas face serious nutritional deficiencies due to limited forage availability. This study was done at the experimental station of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute located in the community of Letanias which is in the municipality of Viacha. The objective was to determine the effect of food deprivation on the metabolic profile of blood plasma (concentration of urea-nitrogen, total protein, albumin, and creatinine) as well as the …
Effect Of Three Cryoconservation Diluents On Sperm Motility And Vitality In The Ejaculate Of Bulbourethal-Ectomized Llamas (Lama Glama), Department Of La Paz, Edwin Eddy Maceda Tintaya
Effect Of Three Cryoconservation Diluents On Sperm Motility And Vitality In The Ejaculate Of Bulbourethal-Ectomized Llamas (Lama Glama), Department Of La Paz, Edwin Eddy Maceda Tintaya
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different diluents used during the cryopreservation process on the motility and vitality of sperm cells. The three diluters used in this study were: A) trice-serum-egg yolk-glycerin, B) serum-egg yolk-glycerin, and C) Dulbecco’s serum-egg-yolk- glycerin. Diluters were tested in proportions of 64-15-15-6% (N1), 54-20-20-6% (N2), and 44-35-15-6% (N3). Llama semen was collected at the Mejoramiento Genético y Diagnóstico Clínico Del Servicio Agropecuario (SEDAG) in the Los Andes Province of the Department of La Paz. The procedure took place at the Unidad Académica Campesina de Tiahuanaco by a direct optimized …