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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Using Handmade Cloning To Reduce Oocyte Mitochondria In Reconstructed Embryos, Laura Adams
Using Handmade Cloning To Reduce Oocyte Mitochondria In Reconstructed Embryos, Laura Adams
Student Research Symposium
Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the presence of more than one population of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in one cell, can cause metabolic issues and reduced ATP synthesis, even at relatively low levels. The presence of this condition in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos likely contributes to reduced prenatal and postnatal viability: the majority of the oocyte’s mitochondria is still present at the time of nuclear transfer, as well as through any further embryonic development post-fusion and activation. Though the somatic cell also contributes its mitochondria (which can successfully communicate with its nucleus), the oocyte’s mitochondria compose a greater proportion of the total …
Detecting Dna Oxidation In Sperm, Alexie Zwerdling
Detecting Dna Oxidation In Sperm, Alexie Zwerdling
Student Research Symposium
Declining body-wide levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that are present in normal aging men are linked to decreased sperm quality and DNA integrity. When NAD is low, the amount of oxidative stress on the DNA appears to be increased, due to the limited regeneration of the antioxidant glutathione, which is NAD-dependent. We therefore hypothesize that the increased sperm DNA damage in the aging male is caused by an elevated formation of 8-oxoguanine in the DNA, caused by increased oxidative stress when NAD levels are low. To test this hypothesis, a transgenic mouse model (ANDY mouse) was used to create …
Investigating The Primary Production Of Bear Lake's Filamentous Algal Blooms, Maycee Page
Investigating The Primary Production Of Bear Lake's Filamentous Algal Blooms, Maycee Page
Student Research Symposium
Filamentous algae blooms(FABs) have been appearing on the Western Shore of Bear Lake within the last couple of years with minimal research done on them. Through YSI meter sampling of light and dark trials of Bear Lake’s Eastern and Western shores and Fluorometer analysis of samples of filamentous algae taken from each site, gross primary production(GPP), net ecosystem production(NEP), and community respiration were calculated. Through graphical analysis between many of the factors that were accounted for, one statistical significance found was between the mass in milligrams of periphyton produced and the gross primary production. The two have a negative correlation …
Roles Of Nad+ In Testicular Aging And Epigenetic Sperm Modifications, Renata Hoskova
Roles Of Nad+ In Testicular Aging And Epigenetic Sperm Modifications, Renata Hoskova
Student Research Symposium
Since 1980, the average age of first-time fathers has been increasing. With increased age, sperm chromatin quality and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels are reduced. In order to condense around protamines, sperm DNA undergoes breaks, at which time epigenetic reprogramming occurs. In humans, about 2% of DNA stays wound to histones in spermatozoa. Histones carry post-translational modifications that control gene activity and have the potential to transmit epigenetic information to the offspring. Analysis of epigenetic sperm modifications is being conducted within niacin deficient versus niacin replete mice. The experimental plan includes the characterization of histone exchange in elongating spermatids via …
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Student Research Symposium
A large factor of climate change is its effect on infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be transferred from animals into humans. Cases of zoonotic diseases have increased as humans have interacted more with animals, and as worldwide travel has become more frequent. It is predicted that 60% of emerging human diseases will be zoonotic. The cases will continue to increase to due climate change. As climate change continues, research has shown that new diseases will emerge from the melting permafrost and ice caps. It is also likely that pre-existing diseases will be able to migrate to …
Roles Of Nad In Dna Repair And Response To Oxidative Stress, Micah Forbush
Roles Of Nad In Dna Repair And Response To Oxidative Stress, Micah Forbush
Student Research Symposium
It has become a common trend for people to start their families at a later age, often due to lifestyle choices like achieving career goals first and waiting to achieve financial stability. Along with this trend of increasing parental age comes another, the decrease in fertility. While it is well established that female fertility declines significantly with age, current research is showing that male fertility may be impacted just as much. NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an important biochemical cofactor in most metabolic reactions, and importantly, is it also essential for DNA repair. As age increases in humans, the amount …
Fecal Microbiota Transfer (Fmt) From Tumor-Bearing Mice Fed The Total Western Diet (Twd) Does Not Contribute To A Higher Tumor Burden In Mice Fed A Healthy Diet, Porter Green
Student Research Symposium
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Diet and gut microbiome have shown to influence the development of colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). For this study, the goal was to determine the association between colon inflammation, diet and microbiome in the development of CAC in mice. The primary objective of this study was to determine the contribution of gut microbiota from mice donors who have previously consumed one of two basal diets: 1) the standard AIN93G diet, which is designed to promote rodent health; and 2) the total Western diet (TWD), …
Evaluation Of A Proprietary Slow-Release Oxytocin Formulation On Corpus Luteum Function In Mares, Brendan Sarnecky
Evaluation Of A Proprietary Slow-Release Oxytocin Formulation On Corpus Luteum Function In Mares, Brendan Sarnecky
Student Research Symposium
Prolonging function of the corpus luteum (CL) is a method of suppressing estrus that relies on continued secretion of endogenous progesterone to keep mares out of heat naturally. The use of oxytocin treatment to prolong CL function is gaining increasing use, and the most common treatment protocol involves administration of 60 units of oxytocin intramuscularly (IM) once daily on days 7 to 14 after ovulation (8 daily treatments). Although that protocol induces prolonged CL function in â 70% of treated mares, the need for daily administration is a drawback to its use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to …
Employing Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors For Delivery Of A Therapeutic Timp-3 Transgene To The Equine Distal Extremity, Anisa Rose Samhouri
Employing Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors For Delivery Of A Therapeutic Timp-3 Transgene To The Equine Distal Extremity, Anisa Rose Samhouri
Student Research Symposium
Equine laminitis is a condition that results in lameness, extreme pain, and in many cases, concludes in euthanasia. The epidermal and dermal layers of the hoof's lamina are stabilized by connective tissues. Homeostatic metabolic factors allow for healthy remodeling of the lamina. When laminitis occurs, the enzymes that degrade lamellar connective tissue are upregulated while the concentration of degradative inhibitors (TIMP-3) is not changed. The unbalanced state of the metabolic factors compromises the structural integrity of the lamina and allows for movement of the coffin bone within the hoof capsule. Gene therapy has manifested promising results for preventing laminitis. The …
Impact Of The Introduction Of Black Raspberries In A Standard Western-Style Diet On Colitis And Colorectal Cancer Risk In Mice, Daphne Rodriguez, Korry Hintze
Impact Of The Introduction Of Black Raspberries In A Standard Western-Style Diet On Colitis And Colorectal Cancer Risk In Mice, Daphne Rodriguez, Korry Hintze
Student Research Symposium
Approximately 1.4 million people suffer from inflammatory bowel disease, which is major risk factor for developing colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Dietary interventions with the goal to reduce colon inflammation and encourage gut microbiome homeostasis may be a strategy to reduce the risk of CAC. The antioxidants and antiinflammatory compounds present in black raspberries (BRB) have demonstrated protective effects in the colon epithelium and may alter the composition of the gut microbiome. Previously, we showed that dietary supplementation with black raspberries significantly suppressed coliti and colon tumorigenesis promoted by the consumption of a Western type diet in mice. The goal …
Integrating A Traditional 4-H Youth Program With Stem Programming Using Market Show Hog Dna To Evaluate Meat Quality, Denton Perkins, Joshua Dallin
Integrating A Traditional 4-H Youth Program With Stem Programming Using Market Show Hog Dna To Evaluate Meat Quality, Denton Perkins, Joshua Dallin
Student Research Symposium
Junior livestock projects provide excellent opportunities for education and positive agricultural experiences for 4-H youth. As genetic testing advances become widely available to livestock producers, youth benefit by learning the benefits and applications of genetic testing. Porcine stress syndrome (PSS), which springs from the HAL gene, is an inherited neuromuscular disorder in pigs that is triggered by stressful situations, such as exercise, fighting, marketing, vaccination, castration, parturition, hot weather, etc. The symptoms exhibited by pigs experiencing PSS include muscle and tail tremors, labored and irregular breathing, blanching and reddening of the skin, rapid rise in body temperature, collapse, muscle rigidity …
Multi-Generational Effect Of Western Diet On Colorectal Cancer And Impact Of Green Tea On Cancer Prevention, Sumira Phatak, Canyon Neal, Kevin Contreras, Tess Armbrust, Daphne Rodriguez, Braden Abercrombie, Katie Pontsler, Deanna Larson, Ashli Hunter, Hector Esquer, Jocelyn Cuthbert, Michael Lefevre, Korry Hintze, Robert Ward, Abby Benninghoff
Multi-Generational Effect Of Western Diet On Colorectal Cancer And Impact Of Green Tea On Cancer Prevention, Sumira Phatak, Canyon Neal, Kevin Contreras, Tess Armbrust, Daphne Rodriguez, Braden Abercrombie, Katie Pontsler, Deanna Larson, Ashli Hunter, Hector Esquer, Jocelyn Cuthbert, Michael Lefevre, Korry Hintze, Robert Ward, Abby Benninghoff
Student Research Symposium
Diet is widely recognized as an important factor in lifetime cancer risk, yet Americans routinely consume foods that are energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Animal model studies to identify functional foods for cancer prevention generally do not account for typical Western dietary patterns with respect to macro- and micronutrient content. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the impact of ancestral and multi-generational consumption of a Western-style diet in a murine model of inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Additionally, we sought to determine the efficacy of green tea for prevention of Western diet-enhanced colon tumorigenesis. Previously, our group developed the Total Western …
Phenotypic Variation In The Model Organism, Danio Rerio, Rachel D. Champaigne, Kim H. Brown
Phenotypic Variation In The Model Organism, Danio Rerio, Rachel D. Champaigne, Kim H. Brown
Student Research Symposium
Model organisms are used to study evolutionary conserved traits. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used a model organism because of their highly fecundity, external fertilization, and robust nature, making them highly adaptable to environmental and genetic variation. In an effort to limit data variation that lies outside of topic interest, phenotypic measures of variation must be performed, understood, and taken into consideration for future studies. A common measurement of phenotypic variation in fish is in the maximum (Ucrit) swimming speeds. Inter and intra-strain variation in zebrafish Ucrit swimming speeds will be observed in a swim tunnel. Baseline values will …
Room To Roam: Using Gps To Determine The Effect Of Exhibit Size And Herd Size On Zoo Elephant Movement, Matthew Holdgate, Deborah A. Duffield, David J. Shepherdson
Room To Roam: Using Gps To Determine The Effect Of Exhibit Size And Herd Size On Zoo Elephant Movement, Matthew Holdgate, Deborah A. Duffield, David J. Shepherdson
Student Research Symposium
Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta spp.) are particularly susceptible to welfare concerns in zoological institutions due to their high intelligence, complex social structures, and sheer size. Zoo elephants are also limited by the space available to them, and the resulting lack of exercise may contribute to a host of health issues, including obesity and foot disease. Zoos rely largely on changes to the exhibit size and herd size to promote elephant movement, yet the effect of these factors on movement is unknown. Our study used GPS-equipped anklets to track the movement of 80 elephants at 43 zoos …