Life Sciences Commons^™

Development Of A Matrix Reference Material For Amoxicillin In Lyophilized Bovine Milk, Liu Tian-He, Wei Ning, Wu Cai-Hong, Zhang Yu, Liu Qiu-Hui

Food and Machinery

Objective： This study aimed to provide the basis of quantity traceability for the analysis of amoxicillin residues in milk. At the same time, it can also provide quantity standards for ensuring the effective implementation of amoxicillin monitoring in milk and combating the abuse of amoxicillin in the country and regions. Methods： Two healthy middle-class dairy cows were injected with amoxicillin intramuscularly. After the natural metabolism of the drug for a period of time, the milk containing the target drug amoxicillin was collected and made into milk matrix reference material containing amoxicillin by vacuum freeze-drying technology. The uniformity test, stability test, …

Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Development For The Determination Of Β–Defensins In Bovine Milk, Symone T. Whalin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Bovine mastitis, caused by a wide array of pathogens, results in a substantial economic loss for the dairy cattle livestock industry. β-defensins are a part of the bovine’s innate immune system and act as the first line of defense against mastitis. Only foundational research has been done on β-defensins’ ability to treat and prevent mastitis. There have been no analytical methods reported in the literature for analyzing β-defensins in bovine milk. This research aims to create an analytical approach to determine β-defensins in bovine milk. It is challenging to determine an analyte in a complex sample matrix, and milk is …

Estimation Of Chromium In Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum: A Case Study In Ruminants Of Punjab, Pakistan, Kafeel Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Saman Nazar, Ifra Saleem Malik, Asma Ashfaq, Mudasra Munir, Humayun Bashir, Fatima Ghulam Muhammad, Shahzad Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem, Shahid Mehmoud, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan, Mumtaz Akhtar, Shahzadi Mahpara

Journal of Bioresource Management

The increased use of waste water for agriculture purposes has increased around the globe. There are toxic metals present in waste water which affect plants, animals and human health. But at the same time it also contains useful nutrients which increase growth of plants. Different indices were applied to evaluate the metals present in water soil plant and milk. Various and correlation were determined with the help of SPSS, mean significance was found at the probability levels of 0.05, 0.001 and 0.01. The highest value of Cr was found in Avena sativa (0.7872 mg/kg) collected from site 5 while lower …

The Effects Of Poor Maternal Nutrition During Gestation On Colostrum And Milk Quality And Immunoglobulin G Concentrations In Sheep, Alexandra Bettencourt

Honors Scholar Theses

Maternal over- and under-nutrition have negative effects on the growth and development of offspring. Colostrum and milk are critical to neonatal development, and composition and quality of colostrum and milk may be influenced by maternal factors, including diet. In this study, 46 pregnant ewes received one of three diets, 60% (RES), 100% (CON), or 140% (OVER) of National Research Council (NRC) nutrition requirements for total digestible nutrients from d 30 of gestation until parturition. Colostrum samples were collected within 24 hours of parturition. Milk samples were collected on d 3 and d 21 postpartum. Total solid concentrations of samples were …

Examination Of The Effects Breed And Nutrition Have On The Milk Protein Profile Produced By Lactating Dairy Cattle, Rinske Tacoma

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Milk is a highly nutritious natural product and research over the last 10 years has proven that these milk proteins not only provide a rich source of amino acids to the consumer but also contains many bioactive proteins and peptides known to exert biological activity benefitting human health. In this research, proteomic methods were first used to characterize the low abundance proteome within the skim milk fraction produced by Holstein and Jersey dairy cows maintained under the same diet, management and environmental conditions. Milk samples were collected over a seven day period from six Holstein and six Jersey dairy cows. …

Tb158: Milk Processing And Distribution Costs: Maine 1993, Stephan C. Howick, George K. Criner, Stephen L. Jacobs

George K. Criner

The objective of this study is to provide an updated estimate of the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. Costs are estimated for a state-of-the-art processing plant assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area. The plant produces and distributes a full line of products, including white milk, chocolate milk, and orange juice, and distributes additional products such as cheeses and yogurts.

Tb140: Milk Processing And Distribution Costs: The Maine Model, Steven L. Jacobs, George K. Criner

George K. Criner

The objective of this study is to estimate the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. Costs are estimated for two state-of-the-art processing plants. The first plant produces and distributes a full line of products, including white milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, buttermilk, and distributes additional products such as cheeses and yogurts. The other plant produces a limited line of products including white milk packaged in plastic gallon and plastic half-gallon containers only. Both hypothetical plants are assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area.

Increasing California Dairy Exports To Japan And South Korea, Kristina Soper

Dairy Science

The opportunities for increasing exports of California dairy products to the Japanese and South Korean markets were determined by identifying current obstacles in the California dairy industry and determining the characteristics of consumers in the Japanese and South Korean markets. As the largest milk-producing state and the supplier of 7.5% of total U.S. dairy exports, California’s economic activity greatly affects the rest of the nation and the world. The trends in the California dairy industry include increasing total milk production and per-cow milk production, a diminishing number of total dairy operations, and a rising number of large dairy operations. These …

Development Of A Noncontact Sensor For Monitoring Milk Coagulation And Cutting Time Prediction In Cheese Making, Molly D. Craft-Jenkins

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Cheese products are manufactured more consistently and with better quality if the curd cutting time can be consistently selected. An optical sensor that accurately predicts cutting time has been developed for large cheese vats, but the initial cost of these sensors makes them uneconomical for small artisan cheese manufacturers. The small artisan cheese vats require an inexpensive sensor technology that can be implemented simply. The initial cost of purchasing a sensor and installing these sensors plus the need for a computational program for implementing the algorithm make this technology excessively expensive for these smaller cheese manufacturers. The objective of this …

Purchaser Preferences On Carbon Labels: Conventional Vs. Organic Milk, Mustafa Ozkan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past several years, there has been growing attention concerning global warming/climate change and how humans are contributors. It is known that agricultural production is a main contributor of greenhouse gas emissions and the livestock sector is particularly significant because it is quoted as having between 3 and 18% of greenhouse gas emissions measured in CO2 equivalent pending different assumptions. Due to this, carbon footprint labeling has been described as a potential tool to inform consumers about greenhouse gases associated with food products and assist them with the necessary information to purchase products that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. …

Vermont's Dairy Sector: Is There A Sustainable Future For The 800 Lb. Gorilla?, Bob Parsons

Opportunities for Agriculture Working Paper Series

Key Questions

• Will the organic sector resume its previous prolific growth or will it stagnate?
• The growth in artisan cheese presents an opportunity for a few farmers, but will it continue?
• How does the interest in local foods affect Vermont’s dairy sector?
• Will the interest in raw milk present a future option for dairy farmers?

Ec05-883 Crop And Livestock Prices For Nebraska Producers, 1960-2005, Darrell R. Mark, Dillon Feuz, Brad Heinrichs

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This report contains historical price data for the major crops and livestock commodities produced in Nebraska. Prices received by producers are reported for 1960-2005 for most of the commodities.

The data was compiled from Nebraska Agricultural Statistics Service and Agricultural Prices, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA; Oil Crops Situation and Outlook, Economic Research Service, USDA; Cotton and Wool Outlook, Economic Research Service, USDA; and Livestock and Grain Market News, Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Sources of prices for each commodity are indicated on the tables.

Analysis Of The Marketing Structure Of The Dairy Industry In The Trakya Region And The Determination Of Emerging Issues With Multidimensional Scaling, M. Ömer Azabağaoğlu, Okan Gaytanci̇oğlu, Ahmet Kubaş, Recep Erbay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The purpose of this paper is to examine the marketing structure of milk processors, factors influencing production and problems faced by firms following recent economic conditions in the Trakya region. Dairy cattle production is more developed in the research area than in other regions. In addition, the region has played an important role with its high milk processing capacity. The research results indicate that the dairy industry has important problems, such as an insufficient and low quality milk supply, and poor hygiene and marketing. In particular, a large number of small-and medium-sized milk processors face extensive hygiene and marketing problems. …

Ec03-883 Crop And Livestock Prices For Nebraska Producers, 1960-2003, Darrell R. Mark, Dillon Feuz, Roger Selley, Tina N. Barrett

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This report contains historical price data for the major crops and livestock commodities produced in Nebraska. Prices received by producers are reported for 1960-2002 for most of the commodities.

The data was compiled from Nebraska Agricultural Statistics Services and Agricultural Prices, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA; Oil Crops Situation and Outlook, Economic Research Service, USDA; Cotton and Wool Outlook, Economic Research Service, USDA; and Livestock and Grain Market News, Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Sources of prices for each commodity are indicated on the tables.

Mp82 2003-2004 Nebraska Dairy Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Annual Report of University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dairy Research for 2003-2004. Topics include:

Lactation Curves for Milk, Fat and Protein Yields and Somatic Cell Scores of Holstein Cows Treated with Bovine Somatotropin;

The Economic Impacts of Various Public Policy Scenarios for Methane Recovery on Dairy Farms;

Dairy Research Herd Report;

Modeling Genetic and Environmental Effects of Test Day Records by Autoregressive Convariance Structures;

Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows;

A Corn Hybrid with High Cell Wall Content and Digestibility and Lactational Performance of Holstein Cows;

Comparison of Brown Midrib-6 and 18 Forage Sorghum with Conventional …

Nf545 A Guide To Soy Foods, Georgia Jones, Wanda Koszewski

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Soy foods come in several forms: traditional, second-generation, and “hidden” soy products.

Ec00-280 Hiring Dairy Personnel: Making The Process Easier, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Position descriptions are essential. A detailed position, or job, description can help you as an employer identify and eliminate applicants who will not perform well on the job and gives you justifiable grounds for terminating an employee who does not perform the job satisfactorily.

On most dairy farms, employees can be grouped into three categories: herd managers, feeders or outdoor workers, and milkers. This extension circular discusses the description for each category, how to start the hiring process, and questions that may be asked during interviewing and after hiring for a position on the dairy farm.

Mp78 2001-2002 Nebraska Dairy Report

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Annual Report of University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dairy Research for 2001-2002. Topics include:

Optimal Replacement of Forage and Concentrate with a New Wet Corn Milling Product for Lactating Dairy Cows

Evaluation of Alternative Sources of Rumen Undegradable Protein with Wet Corn Milling Products for Dairy Cattle

Effect of Wet Corn Gluten Feed on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility of Dairy Heifers

Quality of Corn Silage and Wet Corn Gluten Feed Ensiled Together in Mini Silos

Use of Bt Corn Silage and Grain by Lactating Dairy Cattle

Effect of Nonenzymatically Browned Sunflower Seeds on Ruminal Fermentation and Milk Composition

Carbohydrate Composition of Commonly …

Nf99-405 Processing Corn Grain For Dairy Cows, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact offers suggestions for processing forn for lactating cows.

Diffuse Reflectance Changes During The Culture Of Cottage Cheese, Frederick Alan Payne, R. Carol Freels, Sue E. Nokes, Richard S. Gates

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A sensor for measuring diffuse reflectance of milk during the typical 6-h culture of cottage cheese was installed in a local manufacturing facility. Diffuse reflectance was found to increase slowly during the first three hours of the culture and increase rapidly toward the end of fermentation. The correlation between parameters generated from the diffuse reflectance profile and cutting time was sufficient to develop an algorithm for cutting time prediction. An algorithm incorporating t_max (time from adding culture to the maximum rate of change in reflectance) and slope of the reflectance curve at t_max predicted the operator selected cutting …

Ec98-755 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Fact Sheet 13: Improving Milking Center Effluent Treatment, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Effluent from the dairy milking center, including discharges from the milking parlor (manure, feed solids, hoof dirt) and milkhouse (bulk tank and pipeline rinse water and detergent used in cleaning), is commonly disposed of in a variety of ways. Milking center effluent offers several unique challenges due to the presence of: 1. Large volumes of contaminated water which can overwhelm soil absorption systems. 2. Milk solids and fats and manure solids which plug many systems. 3. Cleaning sanitizers which reduce bacterial breakdown of solids. When these systems fail, effluent will become a risk to surface and groundwater quality.

Ec98-758 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Worksheet 11: Land Application Of Manure, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Stewardship of soil and water resources should be a goal of every livestock producer. Management decisions made relative to land application of livestock manure will influence the ability to attain that goal.

Ec98-757 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Fact Sheet 11: Improving Land Application Of Manure, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Resource or waste? Stewardship of soil and water resources should be a goal of every livestock producer. Management decisions made relative to land application of livestock manure will influence the ability to attain that goal. An evaluation of your land application practices should focus on the following question: Is manure a waste or are source?

Ec98-756 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Worksheet 13: Milking Center Effluent Treatment, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Milking center effluent is usually considered a dairy sanitation problem. If not properly managed, however, the effluent can contaminate both groundwater and surface water.

Ec98-761 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Worksheet 10: Livestock Yards Management, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Livestock yards, such as barnyards, holding areas and feedlots, are areas of concentrated livestock wastes and a potential source of nutrient, solids, and bacteria contamination of surface and groundwater. Yards that are abandoned permanently or are inactive temporarily also represent a potential risk.

Ec98-759 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Fact Sheet 10: Improving Livestock Yards Management, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Besides addressing the potential of livestock yards to pollute surface and groundwater, other good reasons for improving management practices include ease of maintenance, improved herd health, and quality milk or meat production. This fact sheet discusses six issues critical to minimizing the impact of livestock yards on water quality.

G98-1364 Feeding Children Ages 2 To 5, H. Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide defines nutritional needs and healthy eating patterns for children ages 2 to 5.

Children Grow at Their Own Rate

Children move though growth spurts throughout childhood. Usually, a child will grow about 2 1/2 inches and gain about four or five pounds each year between the ages of 2 and 5. By 15 months old, most children have developed enough fine motor skills to feed themselves without help, if allowed to do so. Appetites vary with young children as well as adults. Parents and caregivers need to help promote a healthy pattern of eating rather than using controlling …

Nf98-391 Nebraska's Child And Adult Care Food Program Meal Pattern For Infants, Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact provides meal information regarding dietary recommendations for infants by the Nebraska Child and Adult Food Care Program.

G98-1358 Feeding To Maximize Protein And Fat, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes feeding guidelines to increase milk fat and protein production.

Proper feeding management of dairy herds can both improve the economy of production and provide a healthier cow. To achieve these goals, producers must feed to increase production of milk with maximum levels of milk fat and protein.

Milk solids components include fat, protein, lactose and minerals. Normal values for milk fat range from 3.7 percent (Holstein) to 4.9 percent (Jersey); milk protein ranges from 3.1 percent (Holstein) to 3.8 percent (Jersey). Lactose is usually 4.6–4.8 percent for all breeds; minerals (ash) average .74 percent. Because current milk …

Nf97-314 School Lunch Requirements Using Food Based Menus, Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact has information on Food Based Menus, one of the menu planning options in the USDA School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children.