Life Sciences Commons^™

Ec05-1893 Dry Bean Disease Profiles I: Foliar And Bacterial Diseases, Robert M. Harveson, John E. Watkins, Loren J. Giesler, Jnenifer L. Chaky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This two-page, 4-color publications profiles the foliar and bacterial diseases and symptoms of dry bean. Diseases discussed include: bean common mosaic/bean yellow mosaic virus, rust, common blight, halo blight, brown spot, bacterial wilt.

Nf05-633 Soybean Rust: How Great Is The Threat For Nebraska?, Loren J. Giesler

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Soybean rust is a serious foliar disease that has caused significant crop losses in other parts of the world. It was first detected in the United States in November 2004 and has since been identified in several southeastern states. The fact that wind-borne spores principally spread soybean rust suggests it will be a seasonal problem in Nebraska.

This NebFact discusses the symptoms, life cycle, host range, potential impact on soybean production, and management of soybean rust in the state of Nebraska.

G05-1582 How To Reduce Heat Stress In Dairy Cattle, Jeffrey F. Keown, Paul J. Kononoff, Richard J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Four ways to reduce heat stress and maintain production and fertility in dairy cattle.

Heat stress is one of the leading causes of decreased production and fertility in Nebrasks dairy cattle during summer months. These losses are apparent in the decreased amount of milk shipped, increased days open and decreased breedings per conception. Some heat stress is unavoidable, but effects can be minimized if certain management practices are followed.

Ec03-1886 Sugar Beet Disease Profiles Ii: Foliar, Viral, And Nematode Diseases, Robert M. Harveson, James P. Stack, John E. Watkins, Loren J. Giesler, Jennifer L. Chaky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This two-page, 4-color publication profiles the foliar, viral, and nematode diseases of sugar beet. Diseases and their symptoms discussed are: Rhizomania; Foliar -- Cercospora Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, Phoma Leaf Spot, Bacteral Leaf Spot; Beet Curly Top; Beet Soilborne Mosaic; Nematodse; False Root-Knot; Cyst; and Root-Knot.

Ec03-1887 Alfalfa Disease Profiles, Loren J. Giesler, John E. Watkins, James P. Stack, Robert M. Harveson, Jennifer L. Chaky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This two-page, 4-color publications profiles the diseases and symptoms of alfalfa. The diseases discussed here include: rust, anthracnose, stemphylium leaf spot, downy mildew, common leaf spot, spring black stem, summer black stem, stem nematode, seedling blights, phytophthora root rot, alfalfa mosaic, crown rot, verticillium wilt, and violet root rot.

Ec03-1892 Identifying Soybean Rust

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This four-color extension circular identifies the different diseases of soybeans: soybean rust, bacterial blight, bacterial pustle, and downy mildew. It also shows diseases that are similar looking: Cercospora blight, Frogeye leaf spot and brown spot. It also discusses what to look for when scouting for soybean rust.

G1507 Summer Patch And Necrotic Ring Spot, John E. Watkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the causes, predisposing conditions, and symptoms of summer patch and necrotic ring spot, and provides recommendations for their control.

Introduction

Two of the most destructive turfgrass patch diseases are summer patch and necrotic ring spot, both of which are present in Nebraska. The symptoms of necrotic ring spot and summer patch are essentially identical, making it difficult to distinguish the two apart in an affected turf. If the symptoms begin in May, necrotic ring spot is probably the cause; if they begin in July and August, then summer patch is suspect. In Nebraska summer patch is probably …

Nf02-518 Management Of Phytophthora Diseases Of Soybeans, Loren J. Giesler, Jane A. Christensen, Christopher M. Zwiener

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Phythophthora diseases of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae, are present wherever soybeans are grown in Nebraska. The pathogen survives primarily as "resting" spores in the soil or in association with infested crop debris. Symptoms associated with Phytophthora sojae, infections include seed rots, pre- and post-emergence dampin goff of seedlings and stem rot of plants at various growth stages.

Knowledge of the races present in the state and how varieties with different resistance genes have performed in a grower's field is critical to variety selection for maximum profitability.

G02-1464 West Nile Virus - Getting Prepared, Grasso M. Ebako, Sheila Scheideler, Wayne Kramer, Ron J. Johnson, David R. Smith, Del Wilmot, David J. Steffen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides background information and answers to commonly asked questions about this disease. West Nile Virus is spread by mosquitoes and affects birds (mostly Corvidae such as crows, blue jays and magpies), horses, and people. As West Nile Virus appears in neighboring states, the threat of diagnosing a case in Nebraska becomes more likely.

G646 Sphaeropsis Tip Blight Of Pines, Loren J. Giesler

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The symptoms and identification, disease cycle and control of Sphaeropsis tip blight.

Browning and death of tips is quite common in older, well-established pine plantings. Such damage is often due to Sphaeropsis tip blight, a fungal disease caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea (syn. Diplodia pinea). Infection kills major branches and may even kill the entire tree under severe disease pressure.

Sphaeropsis sapinea can infect young trees, but the disease becomes increasingly more common and destructive as trees approach 30 years of age. Tip blight commonly occurs in landscape, windbreak and park plantings; but is seldom found in natural pine stands. …

Ec99-1877 Damping Off, Root Rots, And Vascular Disorders Of Soybean, Loren J. Giesler

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Soybeans are grown on nearly 4 million acres in Nebraska and are threatened by several diseases, soil-borne fungal diseases being the most common (for growers in the Midwest). Early season damping off and root rots often are followed by premature death, which in many instances is attributed to fungal infections earlier in the growing season causing root and cortical rots and vascular disorders.

This extension circular discusses these diseases, their symptoms and control.

Nf99-397 Gray Leaf Spot Of Perennial Ryegrass In Nebraska, John E. Watkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Gray leaf spot, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, was reported in the early 1970s to be a damaging disease of annual ryegrass grown for forage in the southeastern United States. Forage yield losses were so severe that the disease was named ryegrass blast.

This NebFact discusses the diagnosis, future occurrences, and management of gray leaf spot in Nebraska and surrounding states.

Nf98-361 The Female Athlete Triad, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

As more and more females become active in sports, physicians, coaches, trainers, parents and athletes need to be aware of a potential condition termed the Female Athlete Triad.

Ec97-2505 Signs And Symptoms Of Pesticide Poisoning, Larry D. Schulze, Clyde Ogg, Edward F. Vitzthum

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Accidental exposure or overexposure to pesticides can have serious implications. The potential for pesticide accidents is real. It has been estimated that more than 36 million pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually in Nebraska. While most of these pesticides can be used with relatively little risk (as long as label directions are followed), some are extremely toxic and require special precautions.

The Poison Center, at the Children's Hospital in Omaha, reports that agricultural pesticides are responsible for 4.6 percent of all accidental exposures reported. A recent study surveyed callers to The Poison Center who were exposed to agricultural …

G97-1327 Cedar-Apple And Related Rusts Of Apple And Ornamentals, Don Steinegger, Jane A. Christensen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Discussion of complex inter-species disease life cycle in junipers and apple trees, description of symptoms, control measures, and lists of varieties of species resistant to cedar-apple rust and related rusts.

Cedar-apple rust is a disease that causes substantial injury to apple and crabapple trees in Nebraska. The disease is caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and occurs wherever apples and junipers are grown in close proximity.

G97-1330 Apple Scab, Diane A. Merrell, Donald Steinegger

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequallis, occurs worldwide wherever apples are grown. Scab is one of the most important diseases of apples and crabapples in Nebraska.

This NebGuide discusses the apple scab disease, its symptoms, disease cycle, and cultural and chemical control. Varieties of apples and crabapples are listed according to their degree of resistance.

G97-1321 Powdery Mildew Of Landscape Ornamentals, John E. Watkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Powdery mildew can diminish the beauty of landscape ornamentals; however, it can be controlled through cultural practices or chemical alternatives.

Powdery mildew is the name for the grayish white powdery coating of fungus mycelium and masses of spores growing on plant leaves, shoots and flowers. This disease is caused by a distinct group of similar fungi that attacks a wide variety of plants. Lilac, zinnia and many other flowers and shrubs can be damaged. Although plants infected with powdery mildew rarely die, the disease detracts from the natural beauty of ornamentals. Damage ranges from an unsightly white powdery coating on …

G96-1286 Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome (Prrs) Virus, Angela Baysinger, V. L. Cooper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome--its symptoms, transmission and diagnosis; and it discusses methods of prevention, management and control.

History

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) was first observed in 1986 in the United States and in 1990 in Europe. The syndrome was initially called Mystery Pig Disease in the United States since no known swine pathogens could be implicated. A number of titles have been used to describe this disease syndrome: swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS), porcine epidemic abortions and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), blue-eared pig disease as well as others. Since 1992, PRRS has been the …

G96-1295 Scabies, Wayne L. Kramer, Donald E. Mock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The life cycle, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of scabies infestations in humans is addressed.

Scabies is a contagious disease of humans and other mammals. It is caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the dead layer of the human skin (stratum corneum). Sarcoptic mites are obligate parasites which spend most of their lives in burrows in the skin. If the mite invades a person's skin, and establishes itself, symptoms of scabies will become apparent, although it may take four to six weeks.

Scabies is transmitted from person to person by close personal and prolonged skin contact. Transmission also …

G95-1250 Rust Of Dry Bean, James R. Steadman, H. F. Schwartz, Dale T. Lindgren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The symptoms, sources, spread and management of rust in dry edible beans is discussed in this NebGuide.

Rust is an important disease that affects dry beans in eastern Colorado, western Nebraska and adjacent regions. The disease is caused by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus which has caused periodic epidemics in this region since the 1950s. Recent yield losses from the disease have exceeded 50 percent in some areas.

G95-1270 Sclerotinia Stem Rot Of Soybeans, James R. Steadman, S. Rutledge, D. Merrell, David Wysong

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Life cycle, symptoms, and control measures of sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans is discussed.

Sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This pathogen has an extremely wide host range and can affect more than 400 plant species, including oilseed, vegetable and forage legume crops. S. sclerotiorum has caused a disease known as white mold on dry edible beans in western Nebraska for 40 years, but it did not become a problem in soybeans until the 1990s. This fungal pathogen can be found on soybeans in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota. …

Ec94-132 Freeze Injury To Nebraska Wheat, Robert N. Klein, Drew J. Lyon, John E. Watkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraska’s adverse weather conditions affect winter wheat during much of its growth. The newer varieties of wheat have increased winter hardiness, and better management practices have reduced winter injury of winter wheat, yet low temperature injury during winter and spring can be destructive. Wheat has little resistance to low temperatures after it begins growing in the spring; therefore, injury from freezes at this time can occur in any part of the state. This publication describes temperature conditions that cause winter injury, symptoms of injury at different spring growth stages, and management practices to use when wheat is injured.

G94-1207 Scab Of Wheat, John E. Watkins, Ben Doupnik, Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The identification of and disease cycle of wheat scab is described along with its management. Guidelines for using wheat contaminated with vomitoxin also are included.

Scab or Fusarium head blight is an important disease of wheat, barley, oats, rye and wheatgrasses. Scab manifests itself by the premature death or blighting of spikelets in the wheat head. Direct yield losses are often minor, but can be higher than 50 percent in severely infected fields. The economic significance is magnified by the possibility that the low quality, shriveled grain also can become contaminated by mycotoxins (e.g. vomitoxin, zearalenone).

G92-1097 Root And Crown Rot: Winterkill Complex Of Winter Wheat, John E. Watkins, Ben Doupnik, Jr., Eric D. Kerr, Robert N. Klein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Root and crown rot--winterkill complex is discussed, including nature of the complex, symptoms, control, and management rationale. Root and crown rot of winter wheat is an interrelated disease complex caused by the interaction of infection of roots and crowns by Bipolaris sorokiniana and/or Fusarium graminearum and harsh winter conditions. It is an insidious, persistent and inconspicuous disease complex that reduces wheat yields each year. In extreme cases, entire fields or large areas within fields are killed. The ultimate effect is loss of stands, poor plant vigor, reduced yield and lower grain quality.

G92-1100 Sugar Beet Nematode, Eric D. Kerr, F.A. Gray, G.D. Franc

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Symptoms, life cycle and control of sugar beet nematodes are among the topics covered here.

The sugar beet nematode, schachtii, is a major parasite of sugar beets, causing serious stand and yield reductions. It was first identified in 1859 on sugar beets near Halle, Germany. It was first observed in the United States as early as 1895 and was reported in two fields near Gering, Nebraska in 1926.

G92-1103 White Mold Of Dry Beans, James R. Steadman, Howard F. Schwartz, Eric D. Kerr

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

White mold symptoms, infection and control are covered here.

One of the most important diseases affecting dry beans in western Nebraska and Colorado is white mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In a recent year, losses from this disease averaged as high as 20 percent, with a few individual field losses exceeding 65 percent.

G92-1090 Black Dot Disease Of Potato, Alexander D. Pavlista, Eric D. Kerr, Robert B. O'Keefe

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The cause, symptom, disease cycle, influencing factors, effects and control of black dot are described. Black dot of potato, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes, was recognized in Australia and Europe, then was observed and described in Canada in 1921. Since then this disease has spread to many potato production areas of the United States; its occurrence was first reported in Nebraska in 1988. In the past few years, black dot has been recognized on infected potato tissue from several areas of the state. The increased incidence of black dot in Nebraska may have been favored by high …

G92-1075 Club Lamb Fungus Disease, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Roger J. Sahara

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Club lamb fungus disease is a threat to both animals and humans. This guide reports on the disease cause, symptoms and treatment methods.

Club lamb fungus disease is a relatively new health problem encountered mostly in sheep being exhibited at fairs and other shows. This disease appears to be contagious to humans and other animals.

First reported in 1989, it has occurred mostly in the western United States with epidemics in New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Reports of the disease have been received from other parts of the country also. The Western States Livestock Health Association met in December, 1990, …

G91-1036 Environmental Stresses And Tree Health, Jon S. Wilson, Mark O. Harrell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is intended to help tree owners identify tree health problems caused by environmental factors, and ways to prevent or reduce damage.

Environmental stresses cause many health problems of Nebraska trees. Hot and cold temperatures, drying winds, poor soil and root conditions and man's activities can cause direct damage to leaves, bark and roots, and can predispose trees to secondary insect and disease attack. Maintaining a tree in good condition through proper maintenance can prevent many environmentally related health problems.

G90-970 Summer Patch And Necrotic Ring Spot, John E. Watkins, Robert C. Shearman, Terrance P. Riordan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the causes, predisposing conditions, and symptoms of summer patch and necrotic ring spot, and provides recommendations for their control.

Research since 1980 has resulted in considerable progress in identifying causes of the "patch"-type disease of turfgrass. Two of the most destructive patch diseases of turfgrasses are summer patch and necrotic ring spot.

Both summer patch and necrotic ring spot are present in Nebraska turfs. Unfortunately, necrotic ring spot and summer patch cause identical symptoms and cannot be distinguished in the field, and identification in the laboratory is time-consuming (3-6 months) and laborious.