Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Criminal Law (11)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (4)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (3)
- Constitutional Law (3)
- Criminal Procedure (3)
-
- Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
- Law and Society (3)
- Legal Studies (3)
- State and Local Government Law (3)
- Fourteenth Amendment (2)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (2)
- Applied Behavior Analysis (1)
- Clinical Psychology (1)
- Cognition and Perception (1)
- Cognitive Psychology (1)
- Community Psychology (1)
- Counseling (1)
- Courts (1)
- Disability and Equity in Education (1)
- Economics (1)
- Education (1)
- Educational Methods (1)
- Forensic Science and Technology (1)
- Health Law and Policy (1)
- Human Rights Law (1)
- Immigration Law (1)
- Labor Economics (1)
- Law and Economics (1)
- Law and Psychology (1)
- Institution
- Publication
-
- Articles (2)
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (2)
- Catharine Richmond (1)
- Employment Research Newsletter (1)
- LESTER JACKSON (1)
-
- San Diego Law Review (1)
- Scholarly Publications (1)
- Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy (1)
- Touro Law Review (1)
- University of Massachusetts Law Review (1)
- University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform (1)
- Upjohn Institute Working Papers (1)
- Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications (1)
- Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Law
Much Ado About Nothing? A Critical Examination Of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Dennis Roderick, Susan T. Krumholz
Much Ado About Nothing? A Critical Examination Of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Dennis Roderick, Susan T. Krumholz
University of Massachusetts Law Review
In the decades since the 1970s there have been several movements designed to impact or alter the workings of the legal system. The most lasting and widespread of these movements has been the development and systemic incorporation of mediation or Alternative Dispute Resolution, especially in the arena of family law but also impacting community disagreements, a variety of commercial disputes, and civil cases in general. However mediation did not significantly impact the practice of criminal law. Rapid growth in the number of individuals being processed through the criminal courts during the 1980s and 1990s shifted the focus to the criminal …
Sex Offender Law And The Geography Of Victimization, Amanda Y. Agan, J. J. Prescott
Sex Offender Law And The Geography Of Victimization, Amanda Y. Agan, J. J. Prescott
Articles
Sex offender laws that target recidivism (e.g., community notification and residency restriction regimes) are premised—at least in part—on the idea that sex offender proximity and victimization risk are positively correlated. We examine this relationship by combining past and current address information of registered sex offenders (RSOs) with crime data from Baltimore County, Maryland, to study how crime rates vary across neighborhoods with different concentrations of resident RSOs. Contrary to the assumptions of policymakers and the public, we find that, all else equal, reported sex offense victimization risk is generally (although not uniformly) lower in neighborhoods where more RSOs live. To …
The Homicide Survivors’ Fairness-For-Victims Manifesto, Lester Jackson
The Homicide Survivors’ Fairness-For-Victims Manifesto, Lester Jackson
LESTER JACKSON
Murderer advocates place a far greater value on the lives of the most savage murderers than on the lives of their victims. Let them deny it; their words and deeds conclusively give the lie to that denial. The critical question is this: Whose concept of justice is going to prevail? The concept of a small but vocal well-financed minority with influence and power out of all proportion to its numbers, or that of the large but poorly financed and disorganized majority. In recent decades, the former have dominated. Tragically, compared to media-dominant murderer advocates, victims have been virtually voiceless. Yes, …
The Future Of Sex Offense Courts: How Expanding Specialized Sex Offense Courts Can Help Reduce Recidivism And Improve Victim Reporting, Catharine Richmond, Melissa Richmond
The Future Of Sex Offense Courts: How Expanding Specialized Sex Offense Courts Can Help Reduce Recidivism And Improve Victim Reporting, Catharine Richmond, Melissa Richmond
Catharine Richmond
Specialty sex offense courts are a nascent judicial innovation that seek to improve general public safety through reducing recidivism. Decreased recidivism results from swifter, personalized, experienced, and consistent judicial action that encourages sex offenders to take more responsibility and seek rehabilitative assistance. In these specialized courts, communities of stakeholders work collaboratively to prevent future crime. Although somewhat counterintuitive, specialty courts that offer such intensive and specific attention are often more cost effective and efficient than their traditional counterparts. This Note argues that sex offense courts should be expanded beyond the handful of jurisdictions where they currently exist, not only to …
The Punishment Should Fit The Crime—Not The Prior Convictions Of The Person That Committed The Crime: An Argument For Less Impact Being Accorded To Previous Convictions, Mirko Bagaric
San Diego Law Review
The seriousness of the offense is the main consideration that should determine the severity of criminal punishment. This cardinal sentencing principle is undermined by the reality that often the criminal history of the offender is the most decisive sentencing consideration. Recidivists are frequently sent to imprisonment for long periods for crimes, which, when committed by first-time offenders, are dealt with by a bond, probation, or a fine. This makes sentencing more about an individual’s profile than the harm caused by the offender and has contributed to a large increase in prison numbers. Intuitively, it feels right to punish repeat offenders …
Incarceration And Reintegration: How It Impacts Mental Health, April M. Marier, Alex Alfredo Reyes
Incarceration And Reintegration: How It Impacts Mental Health, April M. Marier, Alex Alfredo Reyes
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
ABSTRACT
Background: Previous criminal justice policies have been non-effective leading to overpopulated prisons and unsuccessful reintegration. There is a lack of effective supportive and/or rehabilitative services resulting in high rates of recidivism and mental health implications. Objective: This study investigated the perceived impact that incarceration and reintegration with little to no supportive and/or rehabilitative services has on the mental health status of an individual. The emphasis was on participant perception and not on professional reports because of underreporting and lack of attention to mental health in the criminal justice system. Methods: Focus groups in the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley …
Articulating A Vision: A Case Of Study Of Democracy, Education, And Prisoner Rehabilitation In A Day Reporting Center, Gregory A. Jones
Articulating A Vision: A Case Of Study Of Democracy, Education, And Prisoner Rehabilitation In A Day Reporting Center, Gregory A. Jones
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Abstract
Unfortunately, little or no time is spent on transitioning inmates back into society, especially those with physical and mental disabilities. One support service that is being taken into consideration is the Day Reporting Center. Day Reporting Centers are highly structured nonresidential programs. Parolees report to the center on a daily basis, submit to drug tests, and are enrolled in various counseling, education, or vocational classes. Whereas most centers have strict monitoring and surveillance of parolees, one center that stands out in its alternative approach of self-governance is the San Bernardino Day Reporting Center in San Bernardino, California. There, the …
Supreme Court Of New York Appellate Division, First Department - Street Vendor Project V. City Of New York, Sarah Marx
Supreme Court Of New York Appellate Division, First Department - Street Vendor Project V. City Of New York, Sarah Marx
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
More Than A Second Chance: An Alternative Employment Approach To Reduce Recidivism Among Criminal Ex-Offenders, Rose M. Burt
More Than A Second Chance: An Alternative Employment Approach To Reduce Recidivism Among Criminal Ex-Offenders, Rose M. Burt
Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy
Since the mid-1970s, the United States has engaged in a "race to incarcerate" that has resulted in a prison population expanded to a level previously unknown in any democratic society. This rise in imprisonment came about primarily because of "tough on crime" policies that were intended to enhance public safety and respond to the demands of an increasingly conservative population. This record three decade increase in imprisonment has resulted in an average annual prison population rate of more than 2,000,000 people behind bars in United States jails and prisons, and that figure increases exponentially each year. During this thirty-year period, …
Ending Recidivism: How A Judicial Paradigm Shift Could Prevent Recidivism By Sex Offenders, Geoffrey S. Weed
Ending Recidivism: How A Judicial Paradigm Shift Could Prevent Recidivism By Sex Offenders, Geoffrey S. Weed
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Solitary Confinement, Public Safety, And Recdivism, Shira E. Gordon
Solitary Confinement, Public Safety, And Recdivism, Shira E. Gordon
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
As of 2005, about 80,000 prisoners were housed in solitary confinement in jails and in state and federal prisons in the United States. Prisoners in solitary confinement are generally housed in a cell for twenty-two to twenty-four hours a day with little human contact or interaction. The number of prisoners held in solitary confinement increased 40 percent between 1995 and 2000, in comparison to the growth in the total prison population of 28 percent. Concurrently, the duration of time that prisoners spend in solitary confinement also increased: nationally, most prisoners in solitary confinement spend more than five years there. The …
Sentencing And Prior Convictions: The Past, The Future, And The End Of The Prior-Conviction Exception To "Apprendi", Nancy J. King
Sentencing And Prior Convictions: The Past, The Future, And The End Of The Prior-Conviction Exception To "Apprendi", Nancy J. King
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article traces the fascinating history of early efforts to identify defendants and their prior convictions as well as the evolving use of prior convictions in aggravating punishment; examines how contemporary repeat offender penalties fall short of punishment goals and contribute to the racially lopsided profile of punishment today; and critiques potential justifications for the prior conviction exception to the rule in Apprendi v. New Jersey, arguing that the exception should be abandoned. The article summarizes empirical research testing the relationship between prior convictions and examining the efficacy of repeat offender sentences in reducing recidivism; collects commentary on the use …
A Behavioral Justification For Escalating Punishment Schemes, Murat C. Mungan
A Behavioral Justification For Escalating Punishment Schemes, Murat C. Mungan
Scholarly Publications
The standard two-period law enforcement model is considered in a setting where individuals usually, but not exclusively, commit crimes only after comparing expected costs and benefits. Where escalating punishment schemes are present, there is an inherent value in keeping a clean criminal record; a person with a record may unintentionally become a repeat offender if he fails to exert self-control, and be punished more severely. If the punishment for repeat offenders is sufficiently high, one may rationally forgo the opportunity of committing a profitable crime today to avoid being sanctioned as a repeat offender in the future. Therefore, partial deterrence …
Mass Incarceration And Employment, Steven Raphael
Mass Incarceration And Employment, Steven Raphael
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Legal Status And The Criminal Activity Of Immigrants, Giovanni Mastrobuoni, Paolo Pinotti
Legal Status And The Criminal Activity Of Immigrants, Giovanni Mastrobuoni, Paolo Pinotti
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We exploit exogenous variation in legal status following the January 2007 European Union enlargement to estimate its effect on immigrant crime. We difference out unobserved time-varying factors by 1) comparing recidivism rates of immigrants from the “new” and “candidate” member countries and 2) using arrest data on foreign detainees released upon a mass clemency that occurred in Italy in August 2006. The timing of the two events allows us to set up a difference-in-differences strategy. Legal status leads to a 50 percent reduction in recidivism and explains one-half to two-thirds of the observed differences in crime rates between legal and …
Evidence-Based Sentencing And The Scientific Rationalization Of Discrimination, Sonja B. Starr
Evidence-Based Sentencing And The Scientific Rationalization Of Discrimination, Sonja B. Starr
Articles
This Article critiques, on legal and empirical grounds, the growing trend of basing criminal sentences on actuarial recidivism risk prediction instruments that include demographic and socioeconomic variables. I argue that this practice violates the Equal Protection Clause and is bad policy: an explicit embrace of otherwise- condemned discrimination, sanitized by scientific language. To demonstrate that this practice raises serious constitutional concerns, I comprehensively review the relevant case law, much of which has been ignored by existing literature. To demonstrate that the policy is not justified by countervailing state interests, I review the empirical evidence underlying the instruments. I show that …