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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Commons, Capitalism, And The Constitution, George Skouras
The Commons, Capitalism, And The Constitution, George Skouras
George Skouras
Thesis Summary: the erosion of the Commons in the United States has contributed to the deterioration of community and uprooting of people in order to meet the dynamic demands of capitalism. This article suggests countervailing measures to help remedy the situation.
The (Somewhat) False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn
The (Somewhat) False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
Comprehensive planning at the municipal level, although useful in a variety of ways, is neither necessary nor sufficient to promote "smart" (that is, pedestrian and transit-oriented) growth. Comprehensive plans can be used to support sprawl as easily as to support smart growth, while smart growth may be promoted effectively through zoning reform or statewide legislation as well as through local planning.
The Political Fragmentation Of Land Use Governance In Santiago, Chile, And Its Implications For Socioeconomic Residential Segregation, Diego Gil Mc Cawley
The Political Fragmentation Of Land Use Governance In Santiago, Chile, And Its Implications For Socioeconomic Residential Segregation, Diego Gil Mc Cawley
Diego Gil Mc Cawley
Despite decades of economic development and the general improvement in the quality of life of its people, Santiago, the capital of Chile, presents high levels of residential segregation along socioeconomic lines. A debate about legal reforms to address this phenomenon is currently occurring. Existing Chilean research suggests that the current pattern of urban segregation has been caused by social housing policies based on the provision of subsidies to homeless people implemented in the last decades. However, foreign literature, especially in the United States, indicates that residential segregation is also influenced by land use legal structure and practices. This latter factor …
How Environmental Review Can Generate Pollution: A Case Study, Michael Lewyn
How Environmental Review Can Generate Pollution: A Case Study, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
State environmental review statutes often require state and local governments to draft an environmental impact statement for any project or permit that might have a substantial environmental impact. One such statute, New York's State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) defines “environmental impact” broadly to include not only traditionally environmental impacts such as pollution, but also social impacts such as increased neighborhood population. As a result, any large-scale development is likely to require environmental review under SEQRA.
In my article, I argue that such stringency harms air quality by discouraging infill development (that is, development in already-urbanized areas). Such development is …
State Fertilizer Bills: The Greenest Way To A More Natural Landscape?, Catherine M. Janasie
State Fertilizer Bills: The Greenest Way To A More Natural Landscape?, Catherine M. Janasie
Catherine M Janasie
Abstract: State Fertilizer Bills: The Greenest Way to a More Natural Landscape?
By: Catherine Janasie, J.D., LL.M.
Ocean and Coastal Law Fellow
Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Legal Program at The University of Mississippi School of Law
Because the Federal Clean Water Act focuses mostly on point source pollution, states consider nonpoint source pollution to be the leading cause of water pollution in their waterways. Until recently, many thought that the regulation of fertilizer use by individual homeowners would invade too much on personal choice, which would make a fertilizer statute too unpopular for state legislators to pass. However, in an attempt …
The Birth, Death, And Afterlife Of The Wild Lands Policy: The Evolution Of The Bureau Of Land Management’S Authority To Protect Wilderness Values, Olivia Brumfield
The Birth, Death, And Afterlife Of The Wild Lands Policy: The Evolution Of The Bureau Of Land Management’S Authority To Protect Wilderness Values, Olivia Brumfield
Michael Blumm
Since the enactment of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) in 1976, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has had a troubled relationship with wild lands, the nation’s last remaining places with wilderness characteristics. Although for twenty-five years BLM recognized wilderness values as a resource it must balance and could protect consistent with the agency’s multiple use mandate, in 2003 BLM largely disclaimed that interpretation, potentially imperiling future protection of wild lands that were not designated as wilderness or wilderness study areas. Since then, the agency has made incremental – but potentially powerful – steps toward reclaiming a …
How Comprehensive Planning Makes Suburbia More Sprawling, Michael Lewyn
How Comprehensive Planning Makes Suburbia More Sprawling, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
Many commentators associate comprehensive land use planning with smart growth- but in fact, municipal plans can be used to further sprawl as well as smart growth.
Judicial Deference And Institutional Character: Homeowners Associations And The Puzzle Of Private Governance, Michael C. Pollack
Judicial Deference And Institutional Character: Homeowners Associations And The Puzzle Of Private Governance, Michael C. Pollack
Michael C. Pollack
Much of the study of judicial review of governing institutions focuses on the institutions of public government at the federal, state, and local levels. But the courts’ relationship with private government is in critical need of similar examination, and of a coherent framework within which to conduct it. This Article uses the lens of homeowners associations—a particularly ubiquitous form of private government—to construct and employ such a framework. Specifically, this Article proceeds from the notion that judicial deference is less appropriate the more unaccountable a governing institution is. It therefore develops a set of tests for institutional accountability and applies …
Something Rich And Strange: Progressive Land Use Regulation And The Takings Doctrine, Philip C. Dales
Something Rich And Strange: Progressive Land Use Regulation And The Takings Doctrine, Philip C. Dales
Philip C. Dales
ABSTRACT:
Something Rich and Strange: Progressive Zoning and the Takings Doctrine.
Philip Carter Dales
May, 2013
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The list of municipalities adopting form-based codes continues to grow, with one study putting the number at over 250, including Miami, Denver, Cincinnati and other major cities around the United States. These codes represent land use regulation that is fundamentally different from traditional Euclidean zoning. Rather than prescribing allowable uses, FBCs focus on the governance of form, with the goal of ensuring predictable outcomes for the built environment and simplifying complex use-based zoning ordinances.
In …
Climate Change Adaptation And Coastal Property Rights: A Massachusetts Case Study, Lara D. Guercio
Climate Change Adaptation And Coastal Property Rights: A Massachusetts Case Study, Lara D. Guercio
Lara D. Guercio
This Article examines how existing state laws, including coastal property law and public trust doctrines, are likely to create challenges for the implementation of adaptation strategies proposed to address the effects of climate change—specifically, accelerated sea level rise, increased coastal flooding and storm-related erosion—on coastlines and connected natural resource areas, such as beaches, coastal wetlands, and tidelands. The Article uses Massachusetts, with its highly evolved body of coastal property law and public trust doctrine, as a case study. Mindful of U.S. Supreme Court takings doctrine, the Article analyzes the likely legal challenges to climate change adaptation strategies recently proposed for …
The Dillon Rule & Norfolk Sea Level Rise: An Analysis Of The Limited Impact Of The Dillon Rule On Planning For Sea Level Rise In Norfolk, Mary-Carson B. Saunders
The Dillon Rule & Norfolk Sea Level Rise: An Analysis Of The Limited Impact Of The Dillon Rule On Planning For Sea Level Rise In Norfolk, Mary-Carson B. Saunders
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
No abstract provided.
The Dillon Rule And Sea Level Rise: An Analysis Of The Impact Of The Dillon Rule On Potential Adaptation Measures The City Of Poquoson May Implement, Lauren Gill
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
No abstract provided.
The False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn
The False Hope Of Comprehensive Planning, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
Some commentators on sprawl and smart growth speak of municipal comprehensive plans and sprawl as polar opposites: but in fact, a comprehensive plan can be used to further auto-oriented sprawl just as easily as it can be used to encourage more pedestrian-friendly development. This speech uses parts of Jacksonville, Florida's plan as examples of pro-sprawl planning.
Judaism And Urbanism: Jewish Communities React To Suburbanization, Michael Lewyn
Judaism And Urbanism: Jewish Communities React To Suburbanization, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
This speech addresses both how Jews should react to suburbanization and how they in fact have reacted in a variety of metropolitan areas.
Conserving A Place For Renewable Power, Jacob P. Byl
Conserving A Place For Renewable Power, Jacob P. Byl
Jacob P. Byl
Promoting renewable power and conserving land are often conflicting goals because renewable power requires a lot of land. The conflict is becoming an important issue on lands encumbered by conservation easements. I argue that the current legal rule allowing oil and gas development, but not wind and solar development, on conserved land does not make sense in light of the threats of climate change. The best way to encourage renewable power while respecting the intent of landowners is to have the Internal Revenue Service promulgate rules that explicitly allow renewable power going forward and interpret existing easements with a set …
Why Leave It To The Liberals? Conservative Views On Smart Growth, Michael E. Lewyn
Why Leave It To The Liberals? Conservative Views On Smart Growth, Michael E. Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
Part of panel discussion on "Why Leave It To The Liberals? Conservative Views on Smart Growth"
Regulatory Takings: Survey Of A Constitutional Culture, James Valvo
Regulatory Takings: Survey Of A Constitutional Culture, James Valvo
James Valvo
Fifth Amendment property protections under the Takings Clause have grown increasingly contentious as governing entities have used regulations to limit what property owners can do with their land. This paper profiles regulatory takings jurisprudence from Pennsylvania Coal, to Penn Central, to Nollan and Dolan, and Tahoe-Sierra. The paper also examines conceptual constructs that have shaped the field’s evolution, including: the doctrine’s origin, the nuisance exception, the changed circumstances argument, unconstitutional conditions, temporary takings and the denominator problem.
Evidence-Based Sign Regulation: Regulating Signage On The Basis Of Empirical Wisdom, Dawn E. Jourdan
Evidence-Based Sign Regulation: Regulating Signage On The Basis Of Empirical Wisdom, Dawn E. Jourdan
Dawn E Jourdan
Since the 1970s, the Metromedia decision has caused great confusion in the land use planning area about the appropriate parameters for the regulation of on premise signs. Local governments have taken great liberties in regulating on-premise signs, justifying such approaches on grounds of aesthetics and traffic safety. These approaches often harm the ability of local businesses to direct passersbys to their businesses. Further, overly restrictive regulations may not improve the visual landscape or enhance traffic safety because they interfer with legibility. This paper proposes a performance based zoning framework for the regulation of on premise signs in an effort to …
The Public Trust In Wildlife, Michael Blumm, Aurora Paulsen
The Public Trust In Wildlife, Michael Blumm, Aurora Paulsen
Michael Blumm
The public trust doctrine, derived from ancient property principles, is thought to mostly apply to navigable waters and related land resources. The doctrine supplies a mediating force to claims of both private ownership and unfettered government discretion over these resources, vesting the state with trust responsibility to ensure that the use of these resources promotes long-term sustainability. A related doctrine—sovereign ownership of wildlife—is also an ancient public property doctrine inherited from England. State ownership of wildlife has long defeated private ownership claims and enabled states to enact and implement wildlife conservation regulations. This paper claims that these two doctrines should …
Institutional Free Exercise And Religious Land Use, John Infranca
Institutional Free Exercise And Religious Land Use, John Infranca
John Infranca
The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C. declared that the First Amendment “gives special solicitude to the rights of religious organizations.” This recognition of institutional free exercise rights has important implications for religious land uses. The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) protects religious landowners from the imposition, through a land use regulation, of a substantial burden on religious exercise. Most RLUIPA claims are brought by the religious institution that owns property subject to a regulation. Nonetheless, courts and commentators evaluate these claims by applying a standard derived from cases involving …
Do Not Disturb: A Practical Guide For What Not To Do Around Cemeteries And Human Remains For The Louisiana Energy And Land Use Practitioner, Ryan M. Seidemann
Do Not Disturb: A Practical Guide For What Not To Do Around Cemeteries And Human Remains For The Louisiana Energy And Land Use Practitioner, Ryan M. Seidemann
Ryan M Seidemann
No abstract provided.
How Do We Deal With All The Bodies? A Review Of Recent Cemetery And Human Remains Legal Issues, Ryan M. Seidemann
How Do We Deal With All The Bodies? A Review Of Recent Cemetery And Human Remains Legal Issues, Ryan M. Seidemann
Ryan M Seidemann
No abstract provided.
“Not Supported By Current Science” : The National Forest Management Act And The Lessons Of Environmental Monitoring For The Future Of Public Resources Management, Ryan P. Kelly, Margaret R. Caldwell
“Not Supported By Current Science” : The National Forest Management Act And The Lessons Of Environmental Monitoring For The Future Of Public Resources Management, Ryan P. Kelly, Margaret R. Caldwell
Ryan P Kelly
Environmental monitoring remains a persistent challenge for natural resources management, illustrating the difficulty of incorporating dynamic science into relatively static law and regulation. One such management statute, the National Forest Management Act of 1976 (NFMA), required that “wildlife and fish, and wilderness” be among the multiple uses embodied in the forest land use plans. NFMA’s implementing regulations fulfilled this mandate by requiring forest managers to implement a particular monitoring strategy—Management Indicator Species (MIS)—in making land-use decisions. The regulations’ fundamental assumption was that a small suite of these MIS could and would provide feedback as a kind of ecosystem gauge that …
Ten Ways States Can Combat Ocean Acidification (And Why They Should), Ryan P. Kelly, Margaret R. Caldwell
Ten Ways States Can Combat Ocean Acidification (And Why They Should), Ryan P. Kelly, Margaret R. Caldwell
Ryan P Kelly
The ocean is becoming more acidic worldwide as a result of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (“CO2”) and other pollutants. This fundamental change is likely to have substantial ecological and economic consequences globally. In this Article, we provide a toolbox for understanding and addressing the drivers of ocean acidification. We begin with an overview of the relevant science, highlighting known causes of chemical change in the coastal ocean. Because of the difficulties associated with controlling diffuse atmospheric pollutants such as CO2, we then focus on controlling smaller-scale agents of acidification, discussing ten legal and policy tools that state government …
Can't Buy Me Love: Monetary Versus In-Kind Remedies, Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
Can't Buy Me Love: Monetary Versus In-Kind Remedies, Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
The choice of appropriate remedies is a major concern in all legal spheres, yet little has been done to determine which remedies people actually prefer. Scholarly debates on this issue are typically based on theoretical arguments and intuitions rather than experimental or empirical data. It is often assumed that people are indifferent between in-kind and monetary remedies of equal pecuniary value. Consequently, some scholars have argued, for instance, that people ordinarily view a contractual obligation as an option to either perform in-kind or pay expectation damages.
This Article challenges the conventional wisdom that monetary remedies are usually a satisfactory substitute …
What Is The Primary Right?, Carter Dillard
What Is The Primary Right?, Carter Dillard
Carter Dillard
This essay develops a new human right derived from both domestic substantive due process and international political exit right doctrines, called the primary right, which is best described as a general human claim-right of reasonable access to wilderness. It is a first generation human rights approach to environmental protection, positing a “nonhuman” baseline environment which is a necessary condition for persons to a) be “let alone” by others, and b) withdraw consent to political association and exit any, and therefore all, polities.
Shifting Standards: A Meta-Theory For Public Access And Private Property Along The Coast, Melissa K. Scanlan
Shifting Standards: A Meta-Theory For Public Access And Private Property Along The Coast, Melissa K. Scanlan
South Carolina Law Review
No abstract provided.
Neighborhood Empowerment And The Future Of The City, Kenneth Stahl
Neighborhood Empowerment And The Future Of The City, Kenneth Stahl
Kenneth Stahl
In any given metropolitan region, there are scores of municipalities locked in a zero-sum struggle for mobile sources of jobs and tax revenue. This competition appears to advantage small, homogenous suburbs over large, diverse cities because the former can directly enact the uniform will of the electorate rather than becoming ensnarled in conflict between competing interest groups. Cities can level the playing field with suburbs, however, by devolving municipal power to smaller, more homogenous subgroups within the city, such as neighborhoods. Indeed, one such effort at neighborhood empowerment, the “business improvement district,” (BID) has been widely identified as a key …
Plans Are Not Enough, Michael Lewyn
Plans Are Not Enough, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
Some commentators see comprehensive municipal plans as a remedy for suburban sprawl. But in fact, a plan can be used to promote sprawl as well as to prevent sprawl.
Seqra And Infill, Michael Lewyn
Seqra And Infill, Michael Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
New York's State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) is designed to protect the environment by requiring government to consider the harmful environmental impacts of its actions. However, SEQRA itself may create environmental harm by discouraging infill development.