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Articles 1 - 30 of 275
Full-Text Articles in Law
Improper Appropriation, Daniel J. Gervais
Improper Appropriation, Daniel J. Gervais
Daniel J Gervais
The traditional (Arnstein) test for copyright infringement is satisfied when the owner of a valid copyright establishes unauthorized copying by the defendant. To demonstrate unauthorized copying, one of the major tests is that the plaintiff must first show that her work was actually copied; second, she must establish substantial similarity and/or that the copying amounts to an improper or unlawful appropriation. The second prong is satisfied when (i) protected expression in the earlier work was copied and (ii) the amount of the copyrighted work that is copied must be more than de minimis. This Article examines, first, how impropriety has …
Exploring The Interfaces Between Big Data And Intellectual Property Law, Daniel J. Gervais
Exploring The Interfaces Between Big Data And Intellectual Property Law, Daniel J. Gervais
Daniel J Gervais
This article reviews the application of several IP rights (copyright, patent, sui generis database right, data exclusivity and trade secret) to Big Data. Beyond the protection of software used to collect and process Big Data corpora, copyright’s traditional role is challenged by the relatively unstructured nature of the non-relational (noSQL) databases typical of Big Data corpora. This also impacts the application of the EU sui generis right in databases. Misappropriation (tort-based) or anti-parasitic behaviour protection might apply, where available, to data generated by AI systems that has high but short-lived value. Copyright in material contained in Big Data corpora must …
The Trademark/Copyright Divide, Laura A. Heymann
The Trademark/Copyright Divide, Laura A. Heymann
Laura A. Heymann
No abstract provided.
Overlapping Intellectual Property Doctrines: Election Of Rights Versus Selection Of Remedies, Laura A. Heymann
Overlapping Intellectual Property Doctrines: Election Of Rights Versus Selection Of Remedies, Laura A. Heymann
Laura A. Heymann
Overlaps exist across various doctrines in federal intellectual property law. Software can be protected under both copyright law and patent law; logos can be protected under both copyright law and trademark law. Design patents provide a particular opportunity to consider the issue of overlap, as an industrial design that qualifies for design patent protection might also, in particular circumstances, qualify for copyright protection as well as function as protectable trade dress.
When an overlap issue arises—that is, when an intellectual property rights holder asserts rights under more than one doctrine—the question then becomes how courts should respond. One response, of …
A Tale Of (At Least) Two Authors: Focusing Copyright Law On Process Over Product, Laura A. Heymann
A Tale Of (At Least) Two Authors: Focusing Copyright Law On Process Over Product, Laura A. Heymann
Laura A. Heymann
No abstract provided.
What Can I Do With This?: Deciphering Copyright And License Notices, Benjamin J. Keele, Frederick W. Dingledy
What Can I Do With This?: Deciphering Copyright And License Notices, Benjamin J. Keele, Frederick W. Dingledy
Frederick W. Dingledy
No abstract provided.
Crossing The Line?: Copyright For Libraries, Frederick W. Dingledy
Crossing The Line?: Copyright For Libraries, Frederick W. Dingledy
Frederick W. Dingledy
No abstract provided.
Copyrighting Facts, Michael S. Green
The Escalating Copyright Wars, Peter K. Yu
The Escalating Copyright Wars, Peter K. Yu
Peter K. Yu
Piracy is one of the biggest threats confronting the entertainment industry today. Every year, the industry is estimated to lose billions of dollars in revenue and faces the potential loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs. To protect itself against Internet pirates, the entertainment industry has launched the latest copyright war. So far, the industry has been winning. Among its trophies are the enactment of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Vivendi Universal's defeat and purchase of MP3.com, the movie studios' victory in the DeCSS litigation, the bankruptcy and subsequent sale of Napster and its recent relaunch as a legitimate subscription-based …
Trips Enforcement And Developing Countries, Peter K. Yu
Trips Enforcement And Developing Countries, Peter K. Yu
Peter K. Yu
No abstract provided.
A Hole In Need Of Mending: Copyright And The Individual Marking Of Advertisements Published In Collective Works, Randy D. Gordon
A Hole In Need Of Mending: Copyright And The Individual Marking Of Advertisements Published In Collective Works, Randy D. Gordon
Randy D. Gordon
Over 20 years ago, the United States brought its copyright law into sync with international norms through the adoption of the Berne Convention. As a result, copyright notice is no longer a prerequisite to copyright protection. But because Congress implemented the Berne Convention through amendments to the (rather than adoption of a wholly new) Copyright Act, litigants have argued and at least some courts have held that certain works still must be noticed. This Article is concerned to rebut that contention.
Book Review: Choreographing Copyright: Race, Gender, And Intellectual Property Rights In American Dance By Anthea Kraut, Carys Craig
Carys Craig
Dance may be one of the world’s oldest art forms, but it is a relatively recent entrant into the sphere of copyright law—and remains something of an afterthought amongst copyright lawyers and scholars alike. For copyright scholars, at least, that should change with the publication of Anthea Kraut’s CHOREOGRAPHING COPYRIGHT: RACE, GENDER, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN AMERICAN DANCE. Kraut performs a fascinating exploration of the evolution of choreographic copyright—sweeping, political, polemical—that should leave no one in doubt as to the normative significance of choreography as a subject matter of copyright law and policy. Nor should doubt remain as to …
Globalizing User Rights-Talk: On Copyright Limits And Rhetorical Risks, Carys Craig
Globalizing User Rights-Talk: On Copyright Limits And Rhetorical Risks, Carys Craig
Carys Craig
Around the world, the focus of copyright policy reform debates is shifting from the protection of copyright owners’ rights towards defining their appropriate limits. There is, however, a great deal of confusion about the legal ontology of copyright “limits,” “exceptions,” “exemptions,” “defenses,” and “user rights.” While the choice of terminology may seem to be a matter of mere semantics, how we describe and conceptualize lawful uses within our copyright system has a direct bearing on how we delimit and define the scope of the owner’s control. Taking seriously the role of rhetoric in shaping law and policy, this Paper critically …
Blockchain And Smart Contracts: The Missing Link In Copyright Licensing?, Balazs Bodo, Daniel Gervais, Joao Pedro Quintais
Blockchain And Smart Contracts: The Missing Link In Copyright Licensing?, Balazs Bodo, Daniel Gervais, Joao Pedro Quintais
Daniel J Gervais
Copyright And Distributive Justice, Justin Hughes, Robert P. Merges
Copyright And Distributive Justice, Justin Hughes, Robert P. Merges
Robert P Merges
Is our copyright system basically fair? Does it exacerbate or ameliorate the skewed distribution of wealth in our society? Does it do anything at all for disempowered people, people at the bottom of the socio-economic hierarchy? In this Article we engage these questions. Our goal is to begin a more comprehensive discussion of the effect the copyright system has on the allocation of wealth in our society.
Unwinding Sony, Peter S. Menell, David Nimmer
The Magnificence Of The Disaster: Reconstructing The Sony Bmg Rootkit Incident, Deirdre K. Mulligan, Aaron K. Perzanowski
The Magnificence Of The Disaster: Reconstructing The Sony Bmg Rootkit Incident, Deirdre K. Mulligan, Aaron K. Perzanowski
Deirdre Mulligan
No abstract provided.
Intellectual Property’S Lessons For Information Privacy, Mark Bartholomew
Intellectual Property’S Lessons For Information Privacy, Mark Bartholomew
Mark Bartholomew
There is an inherent tension between an individual’s desire to safeguard her personal information and the expressive rights of businesses seeking to communicate that information to others. This tension has multiplied as consumers generate and businesses collect more and more personal data online, forcing efforts to strike an appropriate balance between privacy and commercial speech. No consensus on this balance has been reached. Some privacy scholars bemoan what they see as a slanted playing field in favor of those wishing to profit from the private details of other people’s lives. Others contend that the right in free expression must always …
Panel Ii: The Death Or Rebirth Of The Copyright?, Hugh C. Hansen, Diane Zimmerman, Robert Kasunic, Brett Frischmann
Panel Ii: The Death Or Rebirth Of The Copyright?, Hugh C. Hansen, Diane Zimmerman, Robert Kasunic, Brett Frischmann
Brett Frischmann
No abstract provided.
Fair Use And Appropriation Art, Niels Schaumann
Fair Use And Appropriation Art, Niels Schaumann
Niels Schaumann
Part I provides some background regarding aesthetic vocabulary in the arts, and traces the use of appropriated images in the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries. Part II discusses the general application of copyright law to appropriation art. Part III examines the current status of the fair use cases that address appropriation art and concludes that the fair use results are better than before, largely because of the ascendancy of “transformativeness” as an important fair use factor. It also concludes, however, that fair use remains insufficient to protect appropriation art. Finally, Part IV re-proposes a solution—an exception to copyright, limited to fine …
A Realist Approach To Copyright Law's Formalities, Michael W. Carroll
A Realist Approach To Copyright Law's Formalities, Michael W. Carroll
Michael W. Carroll
Rejecting the conventional story that formalities in copyright law were abolished by the Berne Convention, this Article demonstrates that privately administered systems of formalities play a significant role in the administration of copyright law worldwide. Indeed, they must because copyright is designed to support a transaction structure which requires rightsholders who seek to attract licensing partners to go through some formal step to identify themselves and the works in which they have a legal or beneficial interest. Canvassing the landscape of mandatory and voluntary public and private systems of formalities, this article argues that: (1) national policymakers retain more policy …
Brief Of Amicus Curiae Academic Authors And Legal Scholars In Support Of Defendants Appellees And Affirmance, Nos. 12-14676-Ff, 12-15147-Ff (April 25, 2013), David R. Hansen, Peter A. Jazsi, Pamela Samuelson, Jason Schultz, Rebecca Tushnet
Brief Of Amicus Curiae Academic Authors And Legal Scholars In Support Of Defendants Appellees And Affirmance, Nos. 12-14676-Ff, 12-15147-Ff (April 25, 2013), David R. Hansen, Peter A. Jazsi, Pamela Samuelson, Jason Schultz, Rebecca Tushnet
David R Hansen
No abstract provided.
The Canadian Public Domain: What, Where, And To What End?, Carys J. Craig
The Canadian Public Domain: What, Where, And To What End?, Carys J. Craig
Carys Craig
This essay explores the important body of scholarship that has emerged on the substance, nature, and role of the public domain in intellectual property law. I offer some concrete definitions of the public domain in the copyright context, identify some ongoing sources of debate in the literature, and highlight some particularly significant voices in public domain discourse. In doing so, my aim is twofold: first, I mean to present a reasonably comprehensive but concise review of the academic public domain movement, which has been directed towards substantiating and politicizing the concept of the public domain, second, I hope to re-situate …
Digital Locks And The Fate Of Fair Dealing In Canada: In Pursuit Of 'Prescriptive Parallelism', Carys J. Craig
Digital Locks And The Fate Of Fair Dealing In Canada: In Pursuit Of 'Prescriptive Parallelism', Carys J. Craig
Carys Craig
The enactment of anti-circumvention laws in Canada appears imminent and all but inevitable. This article considers the threats posed by technical protection measures and anti-circumvention laws to fair dealing and other lawful uses of protected works, and so to the copyright system more generally. The argument adopts, as its normative starting point, the principle of "prescriptive parallelism" according to which the traditional copyright balance of rights and exceptions should be preserved in the digital environment. Looking to the experiences of other nations, the article explores potential routes towards reconciling technical protection measures with copyright limits, and maintaining a substantive continuity …
Out Of Tune: Why Copyright Law Needs Music Lessons, Carys Craig
Out Of Tune: Why Copyright Law Needs Music Lessons, Carys Craig
Carys Craig
This chapter offers a critical analysis of copyright law that integrates insights from music. The authors argue that the unique qualities of musical works magnify the mismatch between creative practices and copyright doctrine, and suggest that an interdisciplinary analysis can shine a revealing light on both the problem and potential paths to improvement. Beginning with an overview of copyright doctrine in Canada in respect of musical works and music infringement claims, the authors then borrow analytical concepts from the discipline of music theory to problematize copyright’s “reasonable listener” test for determining substantial copying. Using a specially-designed musical composition, the authors …
Copyright Treatment Of Freelance Work In The Digital Era, Giuseppina D'Agostino
Copyright Treatment Of Freelance Work In The Digital Era, Giuseppina D'Agostino
Giuseppina D'Agostino
No abstract provided.
Performance, Property, And The Slashing Of Gender In Fan Fiction , Sonia K. Katyal
Performance, Property, And The Slashing Of Gender In Fan Fiction , Sonia K. Katyal
Sonia Katyal
Today, it is no secret that the regime of copyright law, once an often-overlooked footnote to our legal system of property, now occupies a central position in modern debates surrounding the relationship between freedom of expression, language, and ownership. Curiously, however, while contemporary scholarship on copyright now embraces a wide range of political and economic approaches, it has often failed to consider how intellectual property law - as it is owned, constituted, created, and enforced - both benefits and disadvantages segments of the population in divergent ways. This absence is both vexing and fascinating. While issues of distributive justice have …
Performance, Property, And The Slashing Of Gender In Fan Fiction , Sonia K. Katyal
Performance, Property, And The Slashing Of Gender In Fan Fiction , Sonia K. Katyal
Sonia Katyal
Today, it is no secret that the regime of copyright law, once an often-overlooked footnote to our legal system of property, now occupies a central position in modern debates surrounding the relationship between freedom of expression, language, and ownership. Curiously, however, while contemporary scholarship on copyright now embraces a wide range of political and economic approaches, it has often failed to consider how intellectual property law - as it is owned, constituted, created, and enforced - both benefits and disadvantages segments of the population in divergent ways. This absence is both vexing and fascinating. While issues of distributive justice have …
Fair Use: Its Application, Limitations And Future. , Sonia Katyal, Paul Aiken, Laura Quilter, David O. Carson, John, Jr. G. Palfrey, Hugh C. Hansen
Fair Use: Its Application, Limitations And Future. , Sonia Katyal, Paul Aiken, Laura Quilter, David O. Carson, John, Jr. G. Palfrey, Hugh C. Hansen
Sonia Katyal
No abstract provided.
Copyrights, Privacy, And The Blockchain, Tom W. Bell