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Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Law
Antitrust And Trade Regulation Bulletin Ftc Releases Report On Intellectual Property And Antitrust, James Burling, John C. Christie Jr., Michelle Miller
Antitrust And Trade Regulation Bulletin Ftc Releases Report On Intellectual Property And Antitrust, James Burling, John C. Christie Jr., Michelle Miller
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
Last year the FTC and the Department of Justice jointly held hearings focused on the current balance of competition and patent law and policy. (See our December, 2001 Antitrust and Trade Regulation Bulletin at www.haledorr.com/antitrust.) The hearings spanned more than 24 days, involving more than 300 panelists and 100 separate written submissions. The first tangible by-product of those sessions came on October 28, 2003, with the release of a 266-page FTC report containing specific recommendations for changes in the existing patent system (the Patent Report)(http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2003/10/creport .htm). A second, joint report with DOJ, containing specific recommendations for antitrust, is promised for …
The Summary Judgment Standard And Pleading Requirements For Conspiracy Claims Relying On The Doctrine Of Conscious Parallelism, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kanye, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
The Summary Judgment Standard And Pleading Requirements For Conspiracy Claims Relying On The Doctrine Of Conscious Parallelism, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kanye, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
Last spring there was growing concern in the wake of the Seventh Circuit’s decision in In re High Fruc-tose Corn Syrup1 that the courts might be adopting a more receptive attitude toward antitrust claims based on allegations of consciously parallel pricing and other behavior in highly concentrated industries. Three decisions in the last few months suggest that High Fructose Corn Syrup may remain an aberration and that most courts remain deeply skeptical of claims that seek to infer agreement from consciously parallel conduct without any hard evidence of conspiracy. Two of these three decisions, Williamson Oil Co., Inc. v. Phillip …
Pay Or Play? The Jeremy Bloom Decision And Ncaa Amateurism Rules, Laura Freedman
Pay Or Play? The Jeremy Bloom Decision And Ncaa Amateurism Rules, Laura Freedman
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Antitrust And Trade Regulation Law, Michael F. Urbanski, James R. Creekmore, Ellen S. Moore
Antitrust And Trade Regulation Law, Michael F. Urbanski, James R. Creekmore, Ellen S. Moore
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Lowering The Filed Tariff Shield: Judicial Enforcement For A Deregulatory Era, Jim Rossi
Lowering The Filed Tariff Shield: Judicial Enforcement For A Deregulatory Era, Jim Rossi
Vanderbilt Law Review
The filed tariff doctrine, fashioned by courts to protect consumers from rate discrimination, has strayed from its origins. Instead of protecting consumers, the doctrine has evolved into a shield for regulated firms against common law and antitrust claims that reinforce market norms. In the ideal world, Congress would expand the jurisdiction of regulatory agencies to allow them to penalize private misconduct. However, since that has not always happened, the filed tariff doctrine has encouraged private firms to expend resources in using the regulator as a strategy to immunize conduct from antitrust and common law antitrust claims.
This Article assesses how …
The Merger Of Guidelines And The Integration Of Efficiencies Into Antitrust Review Of Horizontal Mergers, William Kolasky, Andrew Dick
The Merger Of Guidelines And The Integration Of Efficiencies Into Antitrust Review Of Horizontal Mergers, William Kolasky, Andrew Dick
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
There is a widening consensus among jurisdictions with competition laws that “the basic objective of competition policy is to protect competition as the most appropriate means of ensuring the efficient allocation of resources—and thus efficientmarket outcomes—in free market economies.” 1 As this statement indicates, it is efficiency, not competition, that is the ultimate goal of the antitrust laws. One of the senior economists of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division put it very well recently: “efficiency is the goal, competition is the process.”2 When the competitive process is allowed to run its course—unfettered by exclusionary practices or anticompetitive agreements among firms—the …
Evaluating The Risks Of Market Swaps, Maurice Stucke
Evaluating The Risks Of Market Swaps, Maurice Stucke
Scholarly Works
An asset swap between two competitors can be (i) per se illegal under Section 1 of the Sherman Act or (ii) a potentially legitimate sale of assets under Section 7 of the Clayton Act. The case law and antitrust commentary vary as to which standard should be applied, and the impication can be significant for the business entities contemplating the deal. This article outlines five factors to assist in evaluating the asset swap's legality under the federal antitrust laws, and the critical determination of which standard to apply to a potentially high risk transaction.
Roundtable With Former Directors Of The Bureau Of Economics, Jonathan Baker
Roundtable With Former Directors Of The Bureau Of Economics, Jonathan Baker
Presentations
The roundtable commemorates the 100th anniversary of the FTC's predecessor agency, the Bureau of Corporations. It was sponsored by the FTC's Bureau of Economics (BE) and focused on BE history and contributions of BE and economic analysis to antitrust and consumer protection enforcement, and to research and economic knowledge and policy. BE was featured because the original functions of the Bureau of Corporations were to collect information, to conduct industry and policy research, to prepare reports at the request of the Congress and the President. The panelists for the roundtable consisted of former BE Directors and Acting Directors from the …
State Aid And The Financing Of Public Services: A Comment On The Altmark Judgment Of The Court Of Justice, Frederic Louis, Anne Vallery
State Aid And The Financing Of Public Services: A Comment On The Altmark Judgment Of The Court Of Justice, Frederic Louis, Anne Vallery
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
On 24 July 2003, the European Court of Justice handed down its judgment in the Altmark case, ending the controversy surrounding the application of the EC state aid control regime to compensation granted to undertakings in consideration for public service obligations imposed on them.
Antitrust And Competition Law Update: Busy Times For U.S. Antitrust Enforcement, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kayne, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
Antitrust And Competition Law Update: Busy Times For U.S. Antitrust Enforcement, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kayne, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
The last several weeks have seen a flurry of important developments in antitrust enforcement, with major decisions in one merger and one joint venture case, an important Federal Trade Commission policy statement about disgorgement and restitution remedies, and an announced FTC challenge to a consummated merger. Each of these developments is significant standing alone; collectively, they reflect extremely active Justice Department and FTC antitrust enforcement programs, with the agencies at times adopting more aggressive positions than some might have expected from a Republican administration.
United States V. Amr Corp.: Non-Traditional Cost Measures And Expanding Predatory Pricing Exposure, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kayne, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
United States V. Amr Corp.: Non-Traditional Cost Measures And Expanding Predatory Pricing Exposure, Robert Bell, Lee Greenfield, Veronica Kayne, William Kolasky, Jim Lowe, Doug Melamed, Thomas Mueller, Ali Stoeppelwerth
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Antitrust Series
Historically, industries with low average variable costs (AVC) have been as a practical matter largely immune from predatory pricing claims. The reason is simple. Predatory pricing claims require the plaintiff to establish, among other things, that the defendant priced below an appropriate measure of cost. Because marginal costs are notoriously difficult to measure, courts have commonly compared the defendant’s prices to AVC (total costs that vary with output/units of output). Consequently, in industries where average variable costs are very low, plaintiffs are unlikely to be able to prove that defendants have priced below AVC, even when defendants have drastically slashed …
State Action And The Meaning Of Agreement Under Sherman Act: An Approach To Hybrid Restraints, John E. Lopatka, William H. Page
State Action And The Meaning Of Agreement Under Sherman Act: An Approach To Hybrid Restraints, John E. Lopatka, William H. Page
UF Law Faculty Publications
Antitrust observers are familiar with the two-part Midcal test for the immunity of state regulation from federal antitrust laws: the state must clearly articulate its policy to displace competition and must "actively supervise" any private conduct pursuant to the policy. But state action need not meet these requirements if it is "unilateral" and therefore does not conflict with Section 1. Only if a state-authorized restraint is "hybrid," combining state and private action in a way that resembles aprohibited agreement, need the restraint satisfy Midcal.
In this article, John Lopatka and Bill Page examine the history andcurrent importance of the …
Ub Viewpoint – Aol/Microsoft Settlement Could Harm Consumers, Robert H. Lande
Ub Viewpoint – Aol/Microsoft Settlement Could Harm Consumers, Robert H. Lande
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Mergers And Acquisitions In Europe: Analysis Of Ec Competition Regulations, Youngjun Lee
Mergers And Acquisitions In Europe: Analysis Of Ec Competition Regulations, Youngjun Lee
LLM Theses and Essays
This paper analyzes three competition regulations in the European Community—article 85 and 86 of the EC Treaty and the EC Merger Regulation. Specifically, article 85 focuses on the market structure and article 86 focuses on the market dominance. The paper explores the Merger Regulation, its objectives and its scope. The amendment to the Merger Regulation extending its scope to include smaller-scale mergers and cooperative joint ventures is explained. The paper concludes with the extraterritoriality of the EC competition regulations.
Resolving The Patent-Antitrust Paradox Through Tripartite Innovation, Michael A. Carrier
Resolving The Patent-Antitrust Paradox Through Tripartite Innovation, Michael A. Carrier
Vanderbilt Law Review
The issues presented by-the intersection of the patent system and the antitrust laws have never been as pressing as they are today. The number of issued patents is skyrocketing. Companies are more frequently entering into arrangements with competitors not only to recover their investment from creating patented products but also to avoid the patent landmines that line the path of innovation. They form patent pools for laser eye surgery, MPEG-2 video compression technology, and DVD formatting; enter into alliances, mergers, and settlements in the biopharmaceutical industry; refuse to license their patented products in various industries; and cross-license their patents in …
The Antitrust Implications Of “Clinical Integration:” An Analysis Of Ftc Staff’S Advisory Opinion To Medsouth, Thomas B. Leary
The Antitrust Implications Of “Clinical Integration:” An Analysis Of Ftc Staff’S Advisory Opinion To Medsouth, Thomas B. Leary
Saint Louis University Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The European Union’S Microsoft Case: No Time For Jingoism, Albert A. Foer, Robert H. Lande
The European Union’S Microsoft Case: No Time For Jingoism, Albert A. Foer, Robert H. Lande
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Internet Killed The Video Star: How In-House Internet Distribution Will Affect Profit Participants , Konrad Gatien
Internet Killed The Video Star: How In-House Internet Distribution Will Affect Profit Participants , Konrad Gatien
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Natural Law Basis Of Legal Obligation: International Antitrust And Opec In Context, Joel B. Moore
The Natural Law Basis Of Legal Obligation: International Antitrust And Opec In Context, Joel B. Moore
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) stabilizes petroleum prices to promote the economic prosperity of its member nations for which oil is a substantial export. Price stabilization influences the price of petroleum around the world, impacting the economies of developed and developing countries. Under U.S. antitrust jurisprudence, the OPEC quota agreements that stabilize prices would likely be declared illegal, and other countries might also declare price fixing to be illegal under their respective competition laws.
Several U.S. Senators have recently proposed that price fixing should be illegal under international law as well. This Note avoids a superficial analysis …
The European Commission's Ge/Honeywell Decision: U.S. Responses And Their Implications, David J. Gerber
The European Commission's Ge/Honeywell Decision: U.S. Responses And Their Implications, David J. Gerber
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Why Did The Antitrust Agencies Embrace Unilateral Effects, Jonathan Baker
Why Did The Antitrust Agencies Embrace Unilateral Effects, Jonathan Baker
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Weakening Its Own Defense? The Ncaa's Version Of Amateurism, Kristen R. Muenzen
Weakening Its Own Defense? The Ncaa's Version Of Amateurism, Kristen R. Muenzen
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Economists' Roundtable, Jonathan Baker, Philip Nelson, Janusz Ordover, Dennis Carlton
Economists' Roundtable, Jonathan Baker, Philip Nelson, Janusz Ordover, Dennis Carlton
Presentations
Moderator for the Economists' Roundtable
The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Negotiating And Planning A Research Joint Venture, Kurt M. Saunders
The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Negotiating And Planning A Research Joint Venture, Kurt M. Saunders
Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review
This Article considers the role of intellectual property rights in research joint ventures. Professor Saunders begins by outlining the various advantages of pursuing research in a joint venture business form, including the sharing of expertise and investment costs. The author identifies and elucidates the intellectual property issues, as well as related licensing and antitrust implications, that arise in the joint venture context. Most notably, Saunders articulates the different intellectual property concerns that surface at each separate stage-from negotiation and planning, to termination of the collaboration.
Anticompetitive Settlement Of Intellectual Property Disputes, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Mark D. Janis, Mark A. Lemley
Anticompetitive Settlement Of Intellectual Property Disputes, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Mark D. Janis, Mark A. Lemley
All Faculty Scholarship
The overwhelming majority of intellectual property lawsuits settle before trial. These settlements involve agreements between the patentee and the accused infringer, parties who are often competitors before the lawsuit. Because these competitors may agree to stop competing, to regulate the price each charges, and to exchange information about products and prices, settlements of intellectual property disputes naturally raise antitrust concerns. In this paper, we suggest a way to reconcile the interests of intellectual property law and antitrust law in evaluating intellectual property settlements. In Part I, we provide background on the issue. Part II argues that in most cases courts …
The Return Of Timberlane?: The Fifth Circuit Signals A Return To Restrictive Notions Of Extraterritorial Antitrust, William J. Tuttle
The Return Of Timberlane?: The Fifth Circuit Signals A Return To Restrictive Notions Of Extraterritorial Antitrust, William J. Tuttle
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Over the past 100 years, the United States has remained ambivalent regarding the potential extraterritorial application of its antitrust laws. The executive, legislative, and judicial branches began with a doctrine of strict territoriality but promptly shifted toward an examination of the effects of the antitrust activity on U.S. commerce. Since the 1970s, the branches of government have refrained the question as one of statutory interpretation, embraced considerations of international comity, modified those considerations, and eventually rejected many of those same considerations.
Throughout this chaos, however, the results reached by the various branches of government have typically been consistent with the …
Assessing Theories Of Global Governance: A Case Study Of International Antitrust Regulation, Anu Bradford
Assessing Theories Of Global Governance: A Case Study Of International Antitrust Regulation, Anu Bradford
Faculty Scholarship
An effective, legitimate model of global governance must strike a delicate balance between national sovereignty and international cooperation. As such, governance on an international level is a constantly evolving discourse among multiple actors whose respective roles and influence vary across time and policy realms. The participation of multiple actors in global governance is widely recognized, but there is considerable disagreement as to the appropriate distribution of power among these participants and the optimal pattern for their interaction. We may never be able to construct an ideal global governance model. But the attempt to create such a model by examining the …
Competitive Price Discrimination: The Exercise Of Market Power Without Anticompetitive Effects (Comment On Klein And Wiley), Jonathan Baker
Competitive Price Discrimination: The Exercise Of Market Power Without Anticompetitive Effects (Comment On Klein And Wiley), Jonathan Baker
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
A firm that discriminates in prices faces a downward sloping demand curve, and thus could potentially raise price by reducing output. For this reason, evidence of price discrimination is relevant to assessing the possibility of market power, as antitrust law has long recognized. But price discrimination can be beneficial as well as harmful, and can reasonably be termed competitive if entry is easy. Hence a demonstration that entry is easy rebuts the inference of anticompetitive effect when price discrimination is the basis for proof of market power, breaking the link between market power and anticompetitive effect. Klein and Wiley's proposal …
Vertical Restraints And Intellectual Property Law: Beyond Antitrust, Michael J. Meurer
Vertical Restraints And Intellectual Property Law: Beyond Antitrust, Michael J. Meurer
Faculty Scholarship
This Article describes how intellectual property (IP) law regulates six types of vertical restraints: restrictions on the field or location of use; restrictions on sharing; control over the frequency of use; restrictions on repair and modification; packaging requirements; and impediments to a buyer's decision to exit its relationship with a seller. There are three reasons to focus on IP oversight of vertical restraints separately from antitrust oversight. First, IP law covers a broader range of vertical restraints. Second, economic analysis of the antitrust-IP conflict focuses mainly on the potential of vertical restraints to exclude downstream competitors. IP doctrines that regulate …
Goldwasser, The Telecom Act, And Reflections On Antitrust Remedies, Philip J. Weiser
Goldwasser, The Telecom Act, And Reflections On Antitrust Remedies, Philip J. Weiser
Publications
No abstract provided.