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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Law
Objections To Taxing Resale Of Residential Property Under A Vat, Wei Cui
Objections To Taxing Resale Of Residential Property Under A Vat, Wei Cui
All Faculty Publications
The “pre-collection” of tax on imputed consumption generated by owner-occupied housing plays a crucial role in both consumption tax theory and real-world tax regimes. However, even under current VAT systems with the widest tax bases, the taxation of imputed housing consumption is incomplete because pre-existing housing stock is typically not taxed when the VAT is introduced, and because housing value may appreciate after initial sale. In response, some have recommended taxing residential re-sale to capture previously untaxed consumption value. This paper argues that because the incidence of any properly-designed tax on resale will fall only on economic rent and existing …
Transnational Copyright: Misalignments Between Regulation, Business Models And User Practice, Leonhard Dobusch, Sigrid Quack
Transnational Copyright: Misalignments Between Regulation, Business Models And User Practice, Leonhard Dobusch, Sigrid Quack
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
In this paper we analyse discursive struggles over what is referred to as legal and illegal user practices in the internet as an outcome of regulatory uncertainty. The latter, in turn, is examined in the context of a multi-layered transnational copyright regime characterised by three features: the absence of an universally recognized single authority in charge of law-making, fragmented and partially contradicting forms of regulation of global, national and sectoral scope, and considerable indeterminacy of rule interpretation and application arising from the variety and distinctiveness of local usage contexts. We argue that notions of legality and illegality are used strategically …
Transnational Business Governance And The Management Of Natural Resources, Virginia Haufler
Transnational Business Governance And The Management Of Natural Resources, Virginia Haufler
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
In the last two decades, the international community has intervened directly to reduce the conflict and corruption that accompany natural resource development in weakly governed states. These efforts converge on the norm of information disclosure by a number of different transnational business governance initiatives. This article examines how the successive failures of public and private efforts led to patterns of convergence and divergence in the transnational governance of the extractive sector. The timing of the effort, combined with variation in industry structure, differences in the targets of information disclosure, and learning over time influence the outcome in each case. This …
Iso 26000: Bridging The Public/Private Divide In Transnational Business Governance Interactions, Kernaghan Webb
Iso 26000: Bridging The Public/Private Divide In Transnational Business Governance Interactions, Kernaghan Webb
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
This paper explores the proposition that the ISO 26000 social responsibility guidance standard represents an innovative form of global social responsibility (SR) rule instrument that performs five key distinctive bridging functions in addressing public and private transnational business governance interactions: (1) top down transpositions of key concepts from inter-‐governmental instruments directed at first instance at states into a non-‐state global SR rule instrument applying directly to transnational corporations (TNCs) and other organizations; (2) bottom up transpositions of key concepts from non-‐state SR instruments of narrow focus to apply more broadly to all SR activities; (3) innovations in the standards development …
Transnational Business Governance Interactions And Technical Systems In Global Finance, Tony Porter
Transnational Business Governance Interactions And Technical Systems In Global Finance, Tony Porter
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
Most transnational regulatory problems involve technical systems: extended sets of productive connections between humans, organized knowledge, and material objects. The functioning and relations between transnational business governance (TBG) schemes in any particular issue area are usually shaped by these technical systems. These technical systems and the material world that they interact with are not simply exogenous environments for tBG schemes. Individual TBG schemes can enhance their power and influence by expanding their function in a technical system, by incorporating the material aspects of the system into their activities, or by producing the system's technical knowledge. I hypothesize that where a …
The Architecture Of Transnational Private Regulation, Fabrizio Cafaggi
The Architecture Of Transnational Private Regulation, Fabrizio Cafaggi
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
Conflicting interests among private actors constitute an important factor to explain why and how transnational private regulation has grown and the proliferation of standards and standard setting organizations that has followed. This essay provides a map of transnational regulatory space suggesting that the different levels are related to various governance responses to conflicts within the private sphere and between private and public actors.Three levels of the global regulatory space are considered: (1) the single global regulatory body, where interests are integrated into one organization, (2) the regime, in which multiple organizations operate, regulating within the same policy field, (3) multiple …
Emerging Private Governance: The Challenges Of Choosing A Policy Focus, Graeme Auld
Emerging Private Governance: The Challenges Of Choosing A Policy Focus, Graeme Auld
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
Across sectors of the global economy, private governance has emerged as a new instrument for addressing pressing social and environmental problems. Although better suited for tackling the challenge of reaching agreements among states to address problems transcending national borders, these initiatives create new boundaries based on what problems they choose to focus on and which actors they choose to regulate – that is, the different policy foci of individual programs. Specialization is not inherently problematic. Private governance can focus attention on the problems of a single-issue area and build capacity among actors to resolve its problems, but equally a particular …
Assembling An Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions In The Forest Sector, Christine Overdevest, Jonathan Zeitlin
Assembling An Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions In The Forest Sector, Christine Overdevest, Jonathan Zeitlin
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
Transnational governance initiatives increasingly face the problem of regime complexity in which a proliferation of regulatory schemes operate in the same policy domain, supported by varying combinations of public and private actors. The literature suggests that such regime complexity can lead to forum-shopping and other self-interested strategies which undermine the effectiveness of transnational regulation. Based on the design principles of experimentalist governance, this paper identifies a variety of pathways and mechanisms which promote productive interactions in regime complexes. We use the case of the EU's Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative, interacting with private certification schemes and public …
Book Review: Families And The Law: Cases And Commentary By Mary Jane Mossman, Susan Boyd
Book Review: Families And The Law: Cases And Commentary By Mary Jane Mossman, Susan Boyd
Canadian Journal of Family Law
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Not The Marrying Kind: A Feminist Critique Of Same-Sex Marriage By Nicola Barker, Gillian Calder
Book Review: Not The Marrying Kind: A Feminist Critique Of Same-Sex Marriage By Nicola Barker, Gillian Calder
Canadian Journal of Family Law
No abstract provided.
Autonomous Motherhood And The Law: Exploring The Narratives Of Canada’S Single Mothers By Choice, Fiona Kelly
Autonomous Motherhood And The Law: Exploring The Narratives Of Canada’S Single Mothers By Choice, Fiona Kelly
Canadian Journal of Family Law
In the past three decades, single mothers by choice (SMCs) have emerged as a new and rapidly growing component of Canada's single mother population. SMCs are women who choose to have a child, usually via some form of assisted conception, with the intention that they be their child's sole parent. While SMCs are part of an increasing number of non-normative family configurations in Canada, they pose some unique social and legal questions. However, unlike some other non-normative families, such as lesbian and gay families, SMCs have received very little academic attention and almost none pertaining to the role of law …
Gender Equality Rights And Trade Regimes: Coordinating Compliance, Pitman B. Potter
Gender Equality Rights And Trade Regimes: Coordinating Compliance, Pitman B. Potter
All Faculty Publications
Taken together, the symposium papers and presentations illustrate the rich diversity of perspectives and issues emerging from the discourse of Coordinated Compliance with regard to specific issues on gender equality and trade, revealing a fundamental concern over human well-being along with an abiding commitment to scholarly rigor.
The End Of 'Modes Of Liability' For International Crimes, James G. Stewart
The End Of 'Modes Of Liability' For International Crimes, James G. Stewart
All Faculty Publications
Modes of liability, such as ordering, instigation, superior responsibility and joint criminal liability, are arguably the most discussed topics in modern international criminal justice. In recent years, a wide range of scholars have rebuked some of these modes of liability for compromising basic concepts in liberal notions of blame attribution, thereby reducing international defendants to mere instruments for the promotion of wider socio-political objectives. Critics attribute this willingness to depart from orthodox concepts of criminal responsibility to international forces, be they interpretative styles typical of human rights or aspirations associated with transitional justice. Strangely, however, complicity has avoided these criticisms …
Sexual Assault Cases In The Supreme Court Of Canada: Losing Sight Of Substantive Equality?, Emma Cunliffe
Sexual Assault Cases In The Supreme Court Of Canada: Losing Sight Of Substantive Equality?, Emma Cunliffe
All Faculty Publications
The equality guarantee contained in section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has prompted reforms that protect women as complainants in sexual assault cases. This article considers the effectiveness of these reforms. Part 2 supplies a history of the relationships between consent, trial procedure, and substantive equality in sexual assault law. The author argues that substantive equality has had a significant effect on both substance and procedure. Part 3 examines the impact of these reforms by considering the extent to which substantive equality has infused judicial reasoning and fact determination in contested sexual assault cases. Specifically, the …
Finding Nemo Dat In The Land Title Act: A Comment On Gill V. Bucholtz, Douglas C. Harris, Karin Mickelson
Finding Nemo Dat In The Land Title Act: A Comment On Gill V. Bucholtz, Douglas C. Harris, Karin Mickelson
All Faculty Publications
This comment reviews the decision of the British Columbia Court of Appeal in Gill v. Bucholtz and explores the implications for the allocation of risk in the province’s title registration system. The case involved a rogue who forged the transfer of a fee simple and registered that transfer. The person on title, also a party to the fraud, then transferred two mortgages to bona fide purchasers. The purchasers of these charges held title insurance. The question before the court was whether the title registration system’s assurance fund would compensate the original holder of the fee simple interest for the mortgages …
Kigyo No Shakai-Teki Sekinin: Challenges For Corporate Social Responsibility In Japan, Janis P. Sarra, Masafumi Nakahigashi
Kigyo No Shakai-Teki Sekinin: Challenges For Corporate Social Responsibility In Japan, Janis P. Sarra, Masafumi Nakahigashi
All Faculty Publications
Globally, there is increasing discussion about corporate social responsibility (CSR). Many large multinational enterprises, particularly in mining and other resource sectors, have voluntarily adopted CSR programs, having concluded that social, economic, and environmental sustainability measures are good for the "bottom line" and fro the communities in which they operate. Companies in Japan have yet to move in that direction, although there are a few notable exceptions. In part, this lack of adaptation to the growing interest in CSR internationally is due to cultural and social norms in Japan that suggest that many aspects of CSR properly belong to the domain …
Conscientious Objection To Creating Same-Sex Unions: An International Analysis, Bruce Macdougall, Elsje Bonthuys, Kenneth Mck. Norrie, Marjolein Van Den Brink
Conscientious Objection To Creating Same-Sex Unions: An International Analysis, Bruce Macdougall, Elsje Bonthuys, Kenneth Mck. Norrie, Marjolein Van Den Brink
All Faculty Publications
In jurisdictions that recognize same-sex marriages and unions, the question arises as to the extent to which civic officials who normally preside at such unions can refuse such participation for religious reasons. This paper examines this issue in the context of four jurisdictions: Scotland, Canada, the Netherlands and South Africa. What is striking is how different is the process of reaching a resolution in each jurisdiction, though the actual result might be the same. This difference arises because of the jurisdiction-specific reasons why same-sex marriages and unions are recognized, how they are recognized, the status of the officers who preside …
The Basics Of Species At Risk Legislation In Alberta, Shaun Fluker, Jocelyn Stacey
The Basics Of Species At Risk Legislation In Alberta, Shaun Fluker, Jocelyn Stacey
All Faculty Publications
This article examines Alberta's Wildlife Act and the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) to assess the legal protection of endangered species in Alberta. Most of the discussion related to provisions contained in SARA, as there is comparatively less to discuss under the Wildlife Act. The fact that legal protection for endangered species in Alberta consists primarily of federal statutory rules is unfortunate, as wildlife and its habitat are by and large property of the provincial Crown, and it is a general principle of constitutional law that the federal government cannot in substance legislate over provincial property under the guise …
Overdetermined Atrocities, James G. Stewart
Overdetermined Atrocities, James G. Stewart
All Faculty Publications
An event is overdetermined if there are multiple sufficient causes for its occurrence. A firing squad is a classic illustration. If eight soldiers are convened to execute a prisoner, they can all walk away afterwards in the moral comfort that “I didn’t really make a difference; it would have happened without me.” The difficulty is, if we are only responsible for making a difference to harm occurring in the world, none of the soldiers is responsible for the death — none made, either directly or through others, an essential contribution to its occurrence. In many respects, this dilemma is the …
China's Tax Policy Response To The Global Financial Crisis, Wei Cui
China's Tax Policy Response To The Global Financial Crisis, Wei Cui
All Faculty Publications
VAT reform constituted the most important tax policy action China took during the global financial crisis in 2008-9. If China had had a more typical tax structure, this specific policy instrument (as well as certain others) would not have been available. Conversely, because of the idiosyncrasies of China’s current tax structure, some of the policy measures commonly deployed in other countries also cannot be used. In comparing China and Europe in the tax policies adopted since 2008, therefore, major differences in prior tax structures must be taken into account. There are also two other potential determinants of China’s tax policy. …
Prospects For Scalability: Relationships And Uncertainty In Responsive Regulation, Cristie Ford
Prospects For Scalability: Relationships And Uncertainty In Responsive Regulation, Cristie Ford
All Faculty Publications
Ian Ayres’s and John Braithwaite’s book Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Regulatory Debate (1992) gave us many significant insights. The book has transcended its own time. At the same time, on the 20th anniversary of its publication, two things about Responsive Regulation are striking. The first is the direct, personal relationship on which the regulatory interaction is premised. The second is the boundedness and manageability of the regulatory project. At least in prudential regulation of global financial institutions in the wake of the recent financial crisis (though surely elsewhere too), neither of these features can be taken for granted. This brief …
Open Justice: Concepts And Judicial Approaches, Emma Cunliffe
Open Justice: Concepts And Judicial Approaches, Emma Cunliffe
All Faculty Publications
Recent years have seen an increase in the number and scope of non-publication orders and other limits on open justice, an increase in the number of statutes that regulate or threaten open justice, and the articulation of an Australian constitutional principle (of institutional integrity) that has the potential to protect some aspects of open justice. The purposes and values of open justice are, however, rarely examined in a comprehensive or theoretically-informed manner. This article provides a theory of open justice which accounts for its heterogeneous nature. Australian judicial approaches to the substance, limits, and constitutional dimensions of open justice are …
A Tale Of Two Cases: Urging Caution In The Prosecution Of Hiv Non-Disclosure, Isabel Grant, Jonathan Glenn Betteridge
A Tale Of Two Cases: Urging Caution In The Prosecution Of Hiv Non-Disclosure, Isabel Grant, Jonathan Glenn Betteridge
All Faculty Publications
Two provincial Courts of Appeal have recently released unanimous decisions that clarify the law regarding the obligation imposed upon people living with HIV to disclose their HIV status prior to sexual relations. The decision of the Manitoba Court of Appeal in R v. Mabior and of the Quebec Court of Appeal in R c. D.C. must be seen against a background of increasing criminal prosecutions in Canada of people with HIV who allegedly do not disclose their HIV status to sexual partners. Since the first HIV nondisclosure prosecution in 1989, there have been over 120 prosecutions. A high proportion of …
Mère, Régine Tremblay
Mère, Régine Tremblay
All Faculty Publications
Qu'est-ce qu'une mère en droit? Cette entrée encyclopédique explore de manière critique et transsystémique la notion de mère en droit, à la lumière des deux grandes traditions juridiques canadiennes.
A National Systemic Risk Clearinghouse?, Cristie Ford, Hardeep S. Gill
A National Systemic Risk Clearinghouse?, Cristie Ford, Hardeep S. Gill
All Faculty Publications
In December 2011, in Reference re Securities Act, the Supreme Court of Canada dashed the Canadian federal government’s hopes of being able to create a federal securities regulator. Instead, it left the constitutional jurisdiction over “day-to-day operations of the securities markets” with the provinces and allocated to the federal government responsibility for just two things: data collection, and the management of systemic risk. Our claim in this essay is that the Reference can be understood as an invitation to create a meaningful and ambitious national systemic risk regulator for the securities markets. The essay points to five recent examples (the …
Foreign Administrative Law And International Taxation: A Case Study Of Tax Treaty Implementation In China, Wei Cui
All Faculty Publications
U.S. taxpayers and the IRS increasingly have to take into account the interactions between U.S. and foreign laws, but they have paid little attention to the administrative law backgrounds of foreign tax laws. In a growing range of cases, the need for such attention has become urgent. This Article describes a novel class of cases encountered by U.S. taxpayers that emanate from tax treaty implementation in China. In these cases, U.S. (and other foreign) investors face certain rules that conflict with common treaty interpretations, and that, at the same time, are not legally binding under Chinese domestic law. The question …
The Normal Ones Take Time': Civil Commitment And Sexual Assault In R. V. Alsadi, Isabel Grant
The Normal Ones Take Time': Civil Commitment And Sexual Assault In R. V. Alsadi, Isabel Grant
All Faculty Publications
This comment addresses the issue of whether a woman who is civilly committed in a psychiatric facility can ever give a valid consent to sexual activity with someone employed by that facility to ensure her safety and protection. The paper argues that such a consent would be involuntary and invalid because it was obtained as a result of an abuse of a position of trust. It is argued that the imbalance of power between a civilly committed psychiatric patient and, in Alsadi, a security guard employed by the hospital is so significant that no meaningful or voluntary consent can be …
Taking Threats Seriously: Section 264.1 And Threats As A Form Of Domestic Violence, Joanna Birenbaum, Isabel Grant
Taking Threats Seriously: Section 264.1 And Threats As A Form Of Domestic Violence, Joanna Birenbaum, Isabel Grant
All Faculty Publications
An alarming number of women are in abusive relationships where violence and threats of violence pervade their lives. This article examines the offence of uttering threats in the Canadian Criminal Code, using the Manitoba Court of Appeal decision in R v O’Brien as a backdrop. We make two arguments. First, we argue that, in intimate relationships, threats of death and bodily harm are a form of domestic violence, often used by men in concert with physical violence and other forms of intimidation to control and dominate women. The Canadian criminal justice response to charges of uttering threats in intimate partner …
A Railway, A City, And The Public Regulation Of Private Property: Cpr V. City Of Vancouver, Douglas C. Harris
A Railway, A City, And The Public Regulation Of Private Property: Cpr V. City Of Vancouver, Douglas C. Harris
All Faculty Publications
The doctrine of regulatory or constructive taking establishes limits on the public regulation of private property in much of the common law world. When public regulation becomes unduly onerous — so as, in effect, to take a property interest from a private owner — the public will be required to compensate the owner for its loss. In 2000, the City of Vancouver passed a by-law that limited the use of a century-old rail line to a public thoroughfare. The Canadian Pacific Railway, which owned the line, claimed the regulation amounted to a taking of its property for which the city …
Ipeelee And The Pursuit Of Proportionality In A World Of Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Debra Parkes
Ipeelee And The Pursuit Of Proportionality In A World Of Mandatory Minimum Sentences, Debra Parkes
All Faculty Publications
The law of sentencing in Canada is being pulled in opposing directions: Parliament regularly legislates new mandatory sentences that limit judicial discretion while the Supreme Court strongly affirms the “highly individualized” nature of sentencing. Mandatory sentences have proliferated in recent years, contrary to overwhelming social science evidence that they do not deliver on their promises of deterrence and crime control, and largely unimpeded by the Charter. However, the recent decision in R v Ipeelee arguably puts the principles relevant to the sentencing of Aboriginal people on a collision course with the substantial limits on judicial discretion that are central to …