Law Commons^™

Az Water Rights Settlement Act Of 2004, United States 108th Congress

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

Federal Legislation: San Carlos Apache Tribe Water Rights Settlement (negotiations assistance) Act of 2004, Title IV of AZ Water Settlement of 2004, PL 108-451, 118 Stat. 3478, 3573 (Dec. 10, 2004) Parties: San Carlos Apache Tribe & US. Certain provisions in Titles I-III relate to water for the Tribe if settlement is reached and other matters. This Act provides funding for the San Carlos Apache Tribe Water Rights Settlement negotiations. For three years, the DOI Secretary shall submit an annual report to Congress describing the status of efforts to negotiate an agreement covering the Gila River water rights with Tribe. …

School Funding Litigation: Who's Winning The War?, John Dayton, Anne Dupre

Vanderbilt Law Review

Much is being made this year in education law circles and elsewhere about the fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education.' The Brown decision has certainly left an indelible mark on schools and other institutions in the United States. But last year the thirtieth anniversary of another major Supreme Court opinion passed largely without comment, despite the fact that it may be the most significant decision regarding public schools since Brown. In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court, in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, concluded that education was not a fundamental right and that disparities in school funding …

Why Do Plaintiffs Sue Private Parties Under Section 1983, Jack M. Beermann

Faculty Scholarship

The subject of this article is why people make federal cases, under section 1983,' out of claims they have against private parties. Section 1983 provides a cause of action against "any person" who, while acting "under color of' state law, subjects or causes the plaintiff to be subjected to a violation of federal constitutional or statutory rights. The requirement that the defendant act under color of law means that the typical section 1983 claim is brought against state and local government officials or entities, not against private individuals or entities. However, there are situations in which a private party (i.e. …

Brown, The Civil Rights Movement, And The Silent Litigation Revolution, Stephen C. Yeazell

Vanderbilt Law Review

One doubts that Robert Carter, Thurgood Marshall, Spottswood Robinson, Jack Greenberg and the rest of the legal team that argued Brown v. Board of Education spent much time thinking about mass torts. Nonetheless, it is entirely appropriate that a commemoration of their achievements include not only that topic but also international human rights and health care, as well as the more expected ones of education and social welfare. Brown was part of a revolution, and revolutions often have collateral effects as important as their immediate consequences. The civil rights movement followed the same pattern.

As an immediate consequence, that movement …

Litigated Learning And The Limits Of Law, Michael Heise

Vanderbilt Law Review

The fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education' certainly warrants well-deserved celebration, but not one that deflects careful analysis of its legacy. Brown's legacy and what it says about the efficacy of litigation as a vehicle to achieve social change mean different things to different people. Perspectives on what Brown "means" and what it has accomplished vary tremendously and reveal just as much about ourselves as they do about the decision itself. This ambiguity invariably muddles Brown's legacy.

I argue that Brown's legacy does not bode well for future litigation efforts seeking to enhance the equal educational opportunity doctrine, …

Laying One Bankrupt Critique To Rest: "Sosa V. Alvarez-Machain" And The Future Of International Human Rights Litigation In U.S. Courts, Ralph G. Steinhardt

Vanderbilt Law Review

In offering a form of civil redress to the victims of international human rights violations, litigation under the Alien Tort Statute ("ATS") has come to reflect in microcosm the ways that international law and practice have changed in the last half century. Specifically, the successful ATS cases since the Second Circuit's seminal decision in Fildrtiga v. Peia-Irala illustrate the blurring of certain structural distinctions that had long given international law its characteristic shape, especially the distinctions between public and private international law, between treaties and custom, between state and nonstate actors, between international and domestic law, and between lex lata …

Private Parties As Defendants In Civil Rights Litigation: Introduction, Myriam Gilles

Articles

No abstract provided.

Taking Adequacy Seriously: The Inadequate Assessment Of Adequacy In Litigation And Settlement Classes, Linda S. Mullenix

Vanderbilt Law Review

In the past decade, the debate over settlement classes has moved considerably beyond the "sturm und drang" inspired by the epic settlement classes in Amchem Products, Incorporated. v. Windsor' and Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corporation. Whereas Amchem asked whether and on what terms federal courts were authorized to approve settlement classes, and Ortiz asked whether a mandatory, limited- fund global asbestos settlement was sustainable, the settlement class issue du jour focuses on the ability of litigants to collaterally attack settlements in remote forums and at remote times.

Because the collateral attack problem is so vital to the sanctity of settlement classes, …

File Early, Then Free Ride: How Delaware Law (Mis)Shapes Shareholder Class Actions, Elliott J. Weiss, Lawrence J. White

Vanderbilt Law Review

Delaware courts have largely privatized enforcement of fiduciary duties in public corporations. In In re Fuqua Industries, Inc. Shareholder Litigation, Chancellor Chandler expressly acknowledged this judicial policy. He noted that Delaware courts implement it partly by allowing private attorneys, working on a contingent fee basis, to initiate and maintain derivative and class actions in the names of "nominal shareholder plaintiffs." Attorneys are subject only to the relatively weak constraints that they must inform their "clients" and receive their consent before they file shareholder suits. Further, Delaware courts use cost and fee shifting mechanisms to "economically incentivize" those attorneys to initiate …

Future-Priced Convertible Securities & The Outlook For "Death-Spiral" Securities-Fraud Litigation, Zachary T. Knepper

ExpressO

No abstract provided.

6th Annual Open Government Summit: Access To Public Records Act & Open Meetings Act, 2004, Department Of Attorney General, State Of Rhode Island

School of Law Conferences, Lectures & Events

No abstract provided.

Understanding New Hampshire’S Rule 4.2 As Applied To Corporate Litigants: An Explanation And Suggestions For Improvement, Heather Menezes

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “Consider this scenario: an attorney represents a client in litigation against a corporation. The attorney gets a call from an employee of that corporation and the employee says, “Everything in your complaint is absolutely correct.” However excited the attorney is to speak with this person, the Rules of Professional Conduct constrain whom the attorney can talk to if a corporation is involved in the pending litigation. In New Hampshire, any attorney can quickly find that Rule 4.2 prohibits contact with a represented party.1 But is this corporate employee a represented party? Even after reading the comment to the rule …

Building A Better Bounty: Litigation-Stage Rewards For Defeating Patents, Joe Miller

Scholarly Works

A patent challenger who defeats a patent wins a prize that it must share with the whole world, including all its competitors. This forced sharing undermines an alleged infringer's reason for fighting the patent case to the finish - especially if the patent owner offers an attractive settlement. Too many settlements, and too few definitive patent challenges, are the result. A litigation-stage bounty would correct this defect in patent litigation's basic framework, for it would provide cash prizes to successful patent challengers that they alone would enjoy. After briefly describing the free rider problem with inventions that patent law attempts …

Procedural Justice, Lawrence B. Solum

ExpressO

The real work of procedure is to guide conduct. It is sometimes said that the regulation of primary conduct is the work of the general and abstract norms of substantive law—clauses of the constitution, statutes, regulations, and common law rules of tort, property, and contract. But substance cannot effectively guide primary conduct without the aid of procedure. This is true because of three problems: (1) the problem of imperfect knowledge of law and fact, (2) the problem of incomplete specification of legal norms, and (3) the problem of partiality. The solution to these problems is particularization by a system of …

Georgia General Assembly Adopts "Manifest Disregard" As A Ground For Vacating Arbitration Awards: How Will Georgia Courts Treat The New Standard?, John W. Hinchey, Thomas V. Burch

Scholarly Works

Generally, courts may only set aside arbitration awards on the grounds listed in the Federal Arbitration Act or the applicable state arbitration code. However, all federal circuit courts and a few state courts have adopted a non-statutory exception that allows a court to overturn an arbitrator's decision if the arbitrator has exemplified a "manifest disregard" of the law.

In 2002, after several years of tentative lower court decisions, the Georgia Supreme Court, in Progressive Data Systems v. Jefferson Holding Corporation, held that manifest disregard is not a proper ground for vacatur in Georgia. The court emphasized that Georgia's Arbitration Code …

Overcoming The Obstacles Of Garrett: An As Applied Saving Construction For The Ada's Title Ii, S. Elizabeth Malloy, Timothy J. Cahill

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

Recent Supreme Court cases regarding Congress's abrogation authority have seriously impaired Congress's ability to demonstrate a valid exercise of its Section 5 power under the Fourteenth Amendment to subject nonconsenting states to suit for money damages in federal court. During its 2003 term, the Supreme Court has again granted certiorari to a case involving the proper scope of Congress's section 5 power, Lane v. Tennessee. Lane involves a suit for money damages under Title II of the ADA based on the alleged failure of the State of Tennessee to make its courthouses accessible. Many commentators suggest that the Supreme Court …

The Implementation Of Fda Determinations In Litigation - Why Do We Defer To The Pto But Not To The Fda?, William G. Childs

Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines the possible inequity of the treatment of licensees' rights in tort litigation in comparison to patent rights in patent litigation. In particular, this Article presents the presumptions afforded from issued patents as a valid model for the proper treatment of FDA approval in litigation. Presently, most academic discussion proposes either preclusion of tort claims or leaving the system more or less as it stands. This Article, on the other hand, proposes a middle ground.

This Article begins by examining the differences between the USPTO and the FDA. In particular, the quantity and quality of the review provided …

Naming The Dragon: Litigating Race Issues During A Death Penalty Trial, Andrea Lyon

Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gerry Spence's The Smoking Gun As A Teaching Tool, Dana K. Cole

Akron Law Faculty Publications

The Smoking Gun, is the true story of a woman and her teenage son charged in what appeared to be a hopeless murder case. At Mr. Spence’s request, Professor Cole wrote a companion manual for use by law professors interested in using Spence’s book in teaching criminal law, criminal procedure, clinical practicum, ethics, evidence or trial advocacy. The companion manual is a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the book that highlights teachable topics and analyzes some of the skills and techniques described in the book.

The Lawyer Doth Protest Too Much, Methinks: Reconsidering The Contemporaneous Objection Requirement In Depositions, E. Stewart Moritz

Akron Law Faculty Publications

The time has come to eliminate the contemporaneous objection requirement for depositions.

From the original 1938 framing of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Rules) to the present, no one has recognized that the theory behind the contemporaneous objection rule in depositions, as drawn from pre-Rules equity practice, does not match the function of depositions in our post-Rules system of open discovery. Pre-Rules depositions in the federal courts were exclusively testimony-preservation devices, and never discovery tools. The common law and statutory procedural rules for pre-Rules depositions, including the contemporaneous objection rule, reflected this use . But when the original Federal …

Maternity Leave Under The Fmla: An Analysis Of The Litigation Experience , Rafael Gely, Timothy D. Chandler

Faculty Publications

We begin with a brief description of trends in female labor force participation and the presence of dual-earner households in the U.S. labor market, conditions which likely led to the need for family and medical leave legislation. We then review various practices that business and government organizations have implemented to balance work and family conflicts, as well as related features of the FMLA, particularly those pertaining to childbirth and adoption. With this background in place, we introduce a framework for examining FMLA litigation. We then review cases litigated in federal court under the FMLA involving requests for family leave due …

Relations Between Lawyer And Client In Damages: Model, Typical, Or Dysfunctional?, Rodney J. Uphoff

Faculty Publications

This essay begins, therefore, by briefly examining the question of what constitutes good lawyering. The essay acknowledges the difficulty of defining precisely what is good lawyering. In fact, scholars, judges, and lawyers often disagree markedly when they characterize lawyer behavior using the term. Not surprising, then, even though academic commentators routinely trumpet the importance of establishing a meaningful attorney-client relationship as an important aspect of good lawyering, not all in the legal profession embrace that view.8Indeed, the debate about the importance of a good lawyer-client relationship largely reflects contrasting attitudes within the legal profession about the client's role in the …

The Lawyer Doth Protest Too Much, Methinks: Reconsidering The Contemporaneous Objection Requirement In Depositions, E. Stewart Moritz

E. Stewart Moritz

The time has come to eliminate the contemporaneous objection requirement for depositions. From the original 1938 framing of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Rules) to the present, no one has recognized that the theory behind the contemporaneous objection rule in depositions, as drawn from pre-Rules equity practice, does not match the function of depositions in our post-Rules system of open discovery. Pre-Rules depositions in the federal courts were exclusively testimony-preservation devices, and never discovery tools. The common law and statutory procedural rules for pre-Rules depositions, including the contemporaneous objection rule, reflected this use . But when the original Federal …

Section 1983 Civil Rights Litigation Colloquium, Erwin Chemerinsky, Martin A. Schwartz

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Actual Confusion In Trademark Infringement Litigation: Restraining Subjectivity Through A Factor-Based Approach To Valuing Evidence, Mark D. Robins

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

No abstract provided.

Civility In Litigation: How Can The Profession Promote And Enforce Good Behavior?, Aviva A. Orenstein, Torrence Lewis

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This essay emanates from a talk that was given to the Defense Trial Counsel of Indiana at its annual meeting’s luncheon. The good thing about talking about civility, particularly at lunch, is that no one dare heckle or throw food. Beyond the obvious constraints against rude behavior inherent in the medium, we sense a genuine openness to the topic. Defense counsel, in particular, feel besieged by what they perceive to be uncivil behavior, and welcome affirmation about the nature of the problem and some suggestions for solutions. More generally, one can argue that the lack of civility in legal culture …

Oil And Gas Law: Recent Oklahoma Cases Interpreting Oil And Gas Joint Operating Agreements, Mark D. Christiansen

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

School Voucher Programs: Has The Supreme Court Pulled Up The Gangplank To Establishment Clause Challenges., Cecil C. Kuhne Iii

St. Mary's Law Journal

The Establishment Clause is not violated when a program is neutral toward religion and provides assistance directly to a broad class of citizens, who in turn voluntarily direct the aid to religious schools. A program containing these features permits government aid to reach religious institutions only thru the deliberate choices of individuals. Any incidental advancement or endorsement of religion is attributable to the individual recipient—not the government, which simply acts as a disburser. In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, the Supreme Court reiterated this rationale from a twenty-year line of cases. Zelman is a death knell for Establishment Clause challenges to carefully …

Insurance Triggers As Judicial Gatekeepers In Toxic Mold Litigation, Gregory A. Goodman

Vanderbilt Law Review

At the dawn of the 21st century, a new plague is leeching across the nation's legal landscape. "Some call it the Perfect Storm-a confluence of events that merged into a financial crisis for the insurance industry and a politically charged catastrophe for... homeowners, threatening disaster for the.., economy." What exactly is this Perfect Storm quickly overwhelming both the legislative and judicial systems? Mold. Not the harmless mold growing in a neglected bathtub, but toxic mold that can ravage homes and other buildings from the inside out, while allegedly causing the inhabitants to suffer nasty fates. Mold destroying dwellings is nothing …

Damages: The Litigation Environment, Stephen D. Easton

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Damages' is, at least in part, the story of a lawsuit. In some ways, it is a fairly typical lawsuit. In other ways, it is rather unusual, due to the significant damages potential of the suit. Therefore, some of the lessons to be learned from the story of this lawsuit may be applicable to lawsuits in general or, at least, to "typical" civil suits, while others may not.