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Are Spread Out Cities Really Safer? , Michael E Lewyn
Are Spread Out Cities Really Safer? , Michael E Lewyn
Michael E Lewyn
One of my first articles. A discussion of the gap between perceptions of crime and the reality of crime, noting that sprawling Sun Belt cites were erroneously perceived as safer than they really were, while older, denser northern cities were erroneously perceived as more dangerous.
The Paradox Of Ideology, Justin Schwartz
The Paradox Of Ideology, Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
A standard problem with the objectivity of social scientific theory in particular is that it is either self-referential, in which case it seems to undermine itself as ideology, or self-excepting, which seem pragmatically self-refuting. Using the example of Marx and his theory of ideology, I show how self-referential theories that include themselves in their scope of explanation can be objective. Ideology may be roughly defined as belief distorted by class interest. I show how Marx thought that natural science was informed by class interest but not therefore necessarily ideology. Capitalists have an interest in understanding the natural world (to a …