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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Law
Fiduciary Duties Of Bidder Directors In The Context Of Tender Offers - Fair Play In A War, Henning Bernd C. Lowe
Fiduciary Duties Of Bidder Directors In The Context Of Tender Offers - Fair Play In A War, Henning Bernd C. Lowe
LLM Theses and Essays
When discussing mergers and acquisitions, most of the focus is given to whether the board of directors of the target company has a right of “self-defense” to stay independent. However, this thesis focuses on the other side of the transaction and seeks to determine whether the bidder in making a tender offer is acting unlawfully. Since a director has unlimited personal liability for a breach of his or her fiduciary duties, the question of whether a takeover-bid can be a breach of a director’s fiduciary duty is of great importance, yet little literature and no case law are devoted to …
An Analysis Of The Nature And Impact Of Legal Complexities Facing United States Corporations Considering Investment Into The New South Africa, Philip R. Mcdougall
An Analysis Of The Nature And Impact Of Legal Complexities Facing United States Corporations Considering Investment Into The New South Africa, Philip R. Mcdougall
LLM Theses and Essays
Due to sanctions imposed against South Africa’s Apartheid government, the South African economy suffered as little international investment was made in the country. With these sanctions lifted following the democratic elections of 1994, South Africa is now an alluring country for international investment. Despite this attractiveness, U.S. corporations face many legal concerns before entering the South African economy. An analysis of these issues is made in the context of American and South African law with solutions proposed in an effort to avoid deterring foreign investment. These concerns include political and non-economic risks that often hinder investment in the African continent, …
Agent’S Knowledge In An Era Of Corporate Restructuring: Imputation, Liability And Protection, Beate Buescher
Agent’S Knowledge In An Era Of Corporate Restructuring: Imputation, Liability And Protection, Beate Buescher
LLM Theses and Essays
Agents of partnerships and corporations often acquire important and secret incoming and outgoing information. Protecting this information becomes especially critical during corporate restructuring. In this paper, the author reviews current agency law, fiduciary duties, liability, and mechanisms utilized by companies to prevent the disclosure of confidential information and discusses the inadequacies of these traditional protections in current business realities. Specific examples of disclosing confidential information and trade secrets are provided. Also, the author critiques both long-term measures, such as improvement of the structural reorganization process and the development of a new business ethic, as well as short-term methods, like the …
An Analysis Of The Disallowance Of Advertising Expenses For Tobacco Products, Ravi Mannam
An Analysis Of The Disallowance Of Advertising Expenses For Tobacco Products, Ravi Mannam
LLM Theses and Essays
Generally, reasonable expenses incurred in the ordinary and necessary course of a legitimate trade or business are deductible from gross income under the U.S. Tax Code; however in an effort to curb tobacco use, recent legislation has disallowed this benefit to tobacco companies for advertising expenses. The judiciary has upheld this disallowance under the doctrine of legislative grace. This thesis critiques the doctrine of legislative grace along with a review Congress’s power to tax income and the role of deductions. Also, the possibility of disallowing business expenses under public policy grounds is examined, and the relationship between lobbying expenses and …
The Prenegotiation Phase On International Trade In Services Negotiations: A Case Study On North/South Issues Negotiations, Jaime A. Granados
The Prenegotiation Phase On International Trade In Services Negotiations: A Case Study On North/South Issues Negotiations, Jaime A. Granados
LLM Theses and Essays
Only after four years of prenegotiations did the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations take place in 1986. This paper analyzes the prenegotiation phase on international trade in services by focusing on a North-South perspective of the underlying economics of international trade in services and the diplomatic exercise this prenegotiation phase set off. The factors during the prenegotiation phase which led to the launch of the Uruguay Round of negotiations are dissected as well as how the prenegotiation phase weakened the GATT’s long standing positive reputation. An overview of the important economic issues which will influence the General Agreement on …
The Duties And The Powers Of The Chapter 7 Trustee In Bankruptcy In The United States And In Belgium, Chantal J. De Nauw
The Duties And The Powers Of The Chapter 7 Trustee In Bankruptcy In The United States And In Belgium, Chantal J. De Nauw
LLM Theses and Essays
U.S. bankruptcy law offers a wide range of protections to a variety of debtors. The possibility of liquidation, reorganization, or rehabilitation is available to corporations, partnerships, individuals, and even some government institutions in the U.S. Conversely, the accessibility to bankruptcy in Belgium is restricted. In Belgium, only a salesman, as defined in the Belgian Code of Commerce, has access to bankruptcy protection, and this access is restricted in nature only to liquidation. This thesis analyzes the differences in the bankruptcy systems of the U.S. and Belgium, paying special attention to the role of the bankruptcy trustee in Chapter 7 bankruptcy …
The United States Implementing Legislation Of The Uruguay Round Agreement On Antidumping: Its Problems And Effects On The Bilateral Trade Relation Between The United States And Korea, Changdong Shin
LLM Theses and Essays
Antidumping laws were designed to protect domestic industries from unfair predatory price discrimination from foreign companies, yet these laws are often alleged to be used to protect domestic industries from competition. The U.S. has not been a stranger to these accusations since the 1980s as the U.S.’s trade deficit grew. The Uruguay Round negotiations were aimed at ending this protectionist use of antidumping laws, but many issues were left unsettled by the Uruguay Round antidumping agreement. In particular, interpretation of the agreement is deferred to each country primarily. Thus, the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO can only determine a …
Legal Aspects Of The New International Economic Order - Moving Towards A Viable Framework For Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, Idara Ekaete Bassey
Legal Aspects Of The New International Economic Order - Moving Towards A Viable Framework For Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, Idara Ekaete Bassey
LLM Theses and Essays
While the primary objective of the United Nations is to maintain peace and security, Article 55 of the Charter also tasks the U.N. with facilitating higher standards of living, full employment, and social and economic development. To achieve this goal, the U.N. adopted three instruments which make up the New International Economic Order (NIEO). This thesis assesses the goals for development in the Third World, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, and the NIEO’s capacity to serve in that regard. Sub-Saharan Africa is larger in land area than the U.S. and has abundant natural resources and agricultural land, so the basis for …
The Effect Of Bankruptcy On Executory Contracts In General And On Licensing Agreements Of Intellectual Property In Particular, Alexandra Baumgartner
The Effect Of Bankruptcy On Executory Contracts In General And On Licensing Agreements Of Intellectual Property In Particular, Alexandra Baumgartner
LLM Theses and Essays
11 U.S.C. § 365(a) provides that a bankruptcy trustee, subject to the court’s approval, may assume or reject any executory contract. What section § 365 does not provide is a clear definition for the term “executory contract.” This thesis covers the different definitions of executory contracts proposed by courts and scholars and common grounds for assumption and rejection by the trustee. The author in particular analyzes how § 365 interacts with licensing agreements. If a licensor files for bankruptcy and the license agreement is rejected, the licensee’s rights to use the licensed intellectual property are in jeopardy. This situation is …
The Continental Moral Rights Doctrine And Its Applicability In The United States Copyright System, Oswaldo Jose Quintana
The Continental Moral Rights Doctrine And Its Applicability In The United States Copyright System, Oswaldo Jose Quintana
LLM Theses and Essays
In the last half of the twentieth century, international copyright protection has become of much greater concern as the copyright industry has become supranational. Treaties enacted in the last ten years such as the Berne Convention Implementation Act, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, provide the highest copyright protection available at the international level. Global piracy has declined in the last several years because of these provisions. However, the adherence by the United States to these treaties has caused controversy; some maintain that it represents a major overhaul of federal law …
Major Changes In Council Regulation 3283/94: Its Compatibility With The Uruguay Round Anti-Dumping Code, Sangsoo Son
Major Changes In Council Regulation 3283/94: Its Compatibility With The Uruguay Round Anti-Dumping Code, Sangsoo Son
LLM Theses and Essays
Dumping can be defined as exporting goods at prices below those charged on the domestic market or at prices insufficient to recover the cost of the goods sold. Dumping is considered an unfair trading practice because it interferes with free market economy principles. During the 1980s, anti-dumping measures were an important issue for a few developed countries that had attractive markets for foreign producers; these countries were the United States, the European Community, Canada, and Australia. The European Community (EC) has developed its own anti-dumping laws over the years; Article 113 of the EEC Treaty gives power to Community institutions …
Punitive Damages In Ancient Roman And Contemporary American Tort Law, Esther Julia Sonntag
Punitive Damages In Ancient Roman And Contemporary American Tort Law, Esther Julia Sonntag
LLM Theses and Essays
Both ancient Roman and contemporary American tort law recognize a type of damages that, instead of compensating the plaintiff for harm suffered, punishes the wrongdoer. In American law, courts can award two distinct amounts of money: compensatory damages for the plaintiff’s loss, and punitive damages as punishment and deterrence. Ancient Roman law had more extreme forms of remedies. In both legal systems there has been a trend to restrict punitive damages over time. The United States made efforts in the 1980s to place caps on punitive damages, which were referred to as “relics of the past,” and enhance requirements for …
The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Equitable Remedies And Other Types Of Non-Money Judgments In United States And French Courts: A Comparative Analysis, Noele Sophie Rigot
The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Equitable Remedies And Other Types Of Non-Money Judgments In United States And French Courts: A Comparative Analysis, Noele Sophie Rigot
LLM Theses and Essays
Courts of industrialized nations are often faced with adjudication of cases which involve foreign components. It is common for those courts to be asked by individuals or legal entities from a transnational environment to adjudicate with regard to some elements already adjudged in a different legal system as if it were a local judgment. The question that arises is how effects should be given when dealing with prior adjudications. Most countries agree to recognize some effects determined by foreign jurisdictions, as long as those determinations meet standards that guarantee proper integration of the foreign decision into the domestic setting. These …
Analysis Of The U.S. Regulations Of Derivatives: Does The Use Of Such Complicated Instruments Pose A Serious Threat To The Safety And Soundness Of The U.S. Banking System?, Erwin De Deyn
LLM Theses and Essays
In the last fifteen years, the globalization of financial markets and institutions along with innovative investment strategies have caused an irreversible revolution in the world’s financial markets. Investors and managers can now use new instruments, such as derivatives, for guarding against financial risks. Derivatives are financial instruments whose returns are derived from other assets or variables, like futures and options. The growth of derivative markets has accelerated rapidly in the last ten years, which has caused financial markets in the United States and throughout the world to be more efficient, which contributes to economic welfare. However, the dramatic growth in …
Choice Of The Applicable Law In United States Maritime Law And The Venezuelan System, Daniel Eric Vielleville
Choice Of The Applicable Law In United States Maritime Law And The Venezuelan System, Daniel Eric Vielleville
LLM Theses and Essays
International maritime transport is an important means of transport in international trade. The vessels used in international maritime transport face unique dangers which necessitate maritime law that addresses the perils associated with maritime transport. Maritime law concerns many jurisdictions, which creates a special interest for the study of conflict of laws. There are private international maritime laws in addition to multilateral treaties. This paper analyzes the international approach that the United States takes in maritime conflict of laws, and compares it with the Venezuelan system of private international law. Venezuela is a civil law country with old maritime legislation which …